Uyini ukushintshashintsha kwezwi imvamisa

Ekuqaleni kungase kubonakale sengathi igama elithi "imvamisa ukushintshashintsha kwezwi" lisetshenziswa kuphela nabantu abalulimi umsebenzi kuhilela ukulungisa kwaleyondawo electronic esebenza ngamagagasi omsakazo. Eqinisweni, yiyo kanye Kunombono owandile onganembile. Imvamisa ukushintshashintsha kwezwi ezijwayele iningi, ngenxa nje ukusetshenziswa kweziqu lesiNgisi, abaningi ngisho nokuwabona ukuthi ngokuvamile aye abizwa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Manje amagama esiteshini ezindebeni wonke umuntu. Loku kuhlukile, "Umsakazo we-FM." Ingabe uyazibuza ukuthi yini isiqalo "FM"? Lona ukushintshashintsha kwezwi imvamisa, kuphela Russified isifinyezo - Imvamisa Ukushintshashintsha, okusho FM.

Ngoba noma yisiphi ukushintshashintsha kwezwi isignali analog ethwele ulwazi oluwusizo isetshenziswa izinhlobo eziningana lasungulwa. Inqubo esetshenziswa kabanzi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ukushintshashintsha kwezwi: imvamisa futhi ukuphakama kwawo namandla awo. Thina sicabangele ngasinye sazo kabanzi.

Igama elithi "analog" kusho ungaphazanyiswa ngesikhathi, ngokungafani kuya ezehlukene digital athathelwana ishayela alternation. Masikhumbule eziyisisekelo zokubala emkhakheni we-physics kanye wave sine AC. izixhumanisi Cartesian indiza: imigqa enezingqimba futhi mpo. Ngokuvundlile imisiwe isikhathi kanye mpo limelela umfutho (Inani lamanje). Sine Wave - igagasi okuqhubekayo, njengoba uma ahlukaniswe kwi-eksisi isikhathi. Ukuze usebenzisa sinusoid ukudlulisa ulwazi, kubalulekile ukwenza esephepheni ngendlela ethile, okungukuthi, indlela ezivamile ukuguqula wave.

Thina sicabange ukuthi kungathatha wave sine ye izinhlangothi ezimbili (amaphuzu amabili kude komunye nomunye) ngawakhamela it like i inkositini. Ngenxa yalokho, amagagasi iyoba acute ngaphezulu, endaweni ngayinye uzokwehla, kodwa isibalo odlulayo per unit isikhathi, kuzoba ngaphezulu. Eqinisweni, i-sine ohlangene. Okungukuthi, imvamisa lishintshiwe. Nokho, kwakusondela igagasi sine okunjalo akukhona wuphawu oluwusizo: uma ukuthatha emsakazweni, ngemuva iyunifomu kuphela ungezwakala (ibhiphu, nokububula).

Ukuze lokhu imvamisa yenethiwekhi aqukethe ingxenye ewusizo, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuyiqonda nokuyikhumbula bashintshashintshe izwi, bahlabe okuyinto sinye siyafanana. Cabanga manje njengoba sesibaningi endaweni eyodwa wave isibambo kuyinto eqina kunomunye, futhi endaweni ethile ngisho welulela wave sine, okungukuthi, bakha ngendlela ethile. Ngenxa yalokho, ingemuva phathelana modulated, ukushintsha ithoni (ukudlala isikhulumi). Uma manje ngokuvamile ukushintsha ithoni, ungakwazi ukudlulisela ukwaziswa okuwusizo (umsindo). Lona imvamisa kwezwi. Yiqiniso, akukho izandla eyodwa elula sinusoid - ke kungumsebenzi transformers ekhethekile.

Isimiso esifanayo isetshenziswa ukushintshashintsha kwezwi amplitude (AM, Amplitude Ukushintshashintsha), ne umehluko kuphela ukuthi sibhekana akukho ushintsho imvamisa emagagasini kwawo. Ake sithi sinusoid sokudonsa izingalo undulations amaningi ahlelwe ngaphansi nangaphezulu ovundlile isikhathi axis. Manje, mayelana ahlangene elula noma shwabanisa. Ngenxa yalokho, ubude kuyahlukahluka. Iqembu esilandelayo amagagasi futhi ushintshe ngendlela efanayo, kodwa ezincane (noma ngaphezulu) umfutho. Uma uthumela "ngayinyomfoza ngayiphosa" igagasi sine esikhulumini, ungezwa ushintsho ithoni: lapho amagagasi baphakeme, kukhona umfutho isignali mkhulu futhi lapho ngezansi - kukhona kancane. Khona-ke yonke into ilula: njengoba khama oyifunayo (elula) we wave, kanjalo ngamakhodi ulwazi. Njengoba esimweni imvamisa bashintshashintshe izwi, bahlabe kukhona akekho welula izandla siqu - umsebenzi amathuluzi.

Indlela abe asebentisa timphawu ukushintshashintsha kwezwi amplitude, umuntu ilinganiselwe kakhulu nobubanzi Spectral Kodwa ukusetshenziswa esincane stereo yokudlulisela. Nokho, ngenxa ezahlukene yamaza , namandla Babechichima e FM AM, owokuqala kudinga nokubekwa njalo transponder. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, umsakazo AM libhekene ezinkulu ihlanganisa ibanga futhi ihlukanisa ngokucacile isakhi ewusizo, ngisho khona umsindo.