Uzbekistan ezikhangayo: Tomb of the Samanids. Mausoleum ka Samanids e eBukhara: incazelo, umlando

Samanides ithuna gem Asia Ephakathi izakhiwo. Ukuganukeja kwakhiwa cishe phakathi neminyaka engu-892 futhi 943. Kuthathwa lesikhumbuzo endala bokwakha Islamic e-Asia Ephakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuba, onguyena kuphela osaphila yezakhiwo into ngenkathi yokubusa we Samanids. Inani design kuba enkulu nakakhulu uma ucabangela iqiniso lokuthi Islam kungavunyelwe ukwakhiwa mausoleums uhlobo zasendlini. Ngakho, endabeni le Mausoleum Samanids kungase kube nzima, kungcono mayelana nokwephula zokuqala lo mthetho, kodwa ngenxa Mausoleum lokuqala uhlelo emlandweni izakhiwo Islamic. Konke lokhu kwenza kube ithandwa kakhulu phakathi yizivakashi ezibuka amazwe, njalo ukuza eBukhara lokucabanga yayo.

indawo lesikhumbuzo

Samanid Mausoleum itholakala eBukhara, elisendaweni yayo mlando. Itholakala epaki, okuyinto ihlukaniswe endaweni yamathuna lasendulo. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, kwakungenakwenzeka ukubona ngenxa izingqimba, ukushuba zazo safinyelela ngamamitha amabili. Kodwa namuhla konke lokhu esikhathini esidlule: litje lesikhumbuto ebugqilini lokhu udoti futhi itholakala kuwo wonke amehlo nesithakazelo.

Samanid Mausoleum (Uzbekistan) ubekade sesimeni sokunganakwa kuze 1920. Wabe eziqhutshwa kuphela ngenjongo yokukhulekela. Ukuganukeja sisusiwe amathuna nezindawo zokungcwaba ngakho abuyiselwe ngo-1934.

Inkulumo efanayo yonke

Samanid Mausoleum (eBukhara) - lokhu izinzuzo ezingcono futhi kwamandla okukushoyo emlandweni futhi yokwakha futhi bokubeka lesikhumbuzo. Ubiza ukuzalwa uhlobo olusha sesakhiwo esikhulu oasis kwamasiko lasendulo ukuthi lavuselelwa ngemva kokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo Arabhu. Ifomu eziyisisekelo izakhiwo ngokubabazekayo kanye nomklamo yabo sidalwe lapha esekelwe emasikweni Central izakhiwo Asian - cube, ehlanganisa Dome ezingeni siqukethe nemengamo eziyisishiyagalombili. Ifomu izakhiwo ngokwabo ukuthola ukubaluleka basezinganekwaneni e lokhu kufanekisa: cube kuyindlela ezinzile, uphawu womhlaba; Dome kulingisa esibhakabhakeni. Izihibe zabo - wafana yonke. Ngakho, isakhiwo, kanye nomuzi wawungowegolide umfuziselo yonke.

ukubukeka ezikhangayo

Samanid Mausoleum has ukuma isikwele kabani lobani amamitha ayishumi. Yakhiwa ngezitini. Ngamunye ezinhlangothini ezine lesi sakhiwo nokuvumeleka kokuhlolwa kokumelwa. Ngoba bonke emavetheksi zitholakala emithathu ikota kwekholomu. Abanaso yimuphi izinsika zokuhlobisa futhi izihloko futhi lingekho - ukuhola. Arcade Filigree, ohlangothini ngalunye ehlinzekwe nemengamo eziyishumi, isencika ikholomu. amakhaya Angles babe domes encane. Basuke kancane kugudlukela ngasengxenyeni phakathi ama-eksisi amakholomu. Maphakathi ophahleni itholakala Dome main nge lantern amancane.

Samanid Mausoleum (eBukhara) has, njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, izinhlangothi ezine, ngasinye zazo has a umnyango elingunxande. Akhiwa ohlakeni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Nasekhothameni has a Uhlaka zokuhlobisa elingaphandle, okuyinto yokuqala kuba emikhulu bese amancane keeled lwaleli ukuma. Ubumba izakhi yezakhiwo ehlotshisiwe Uhlaka okokufaka. akhiwe okuhlobisa liwumhlobiso wawo lonke isakhiwo.

Ngaphakathi Mausoleum ine ukuma octagonal, yena enamathiselwe emagumbini omane lwaleli.

umlando ukuthenga

Samanid Mausoleum - ngakho isikhonkwane esidala ngakho cishe zazifile akukho idatha zomlando. On umlando into futhi kufanele siyiqonde ngokuphelele futhi yakha umbono walo on the-legends. Ngokusho kwenye version, Mausoleum Yakhiwa lwamakhosi umsunguli Ismail Samani ngoyise. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, into selande laze laba ethuneni umndeni ka Samanids. Kusolwa lapha angcwabe ngokwayo Ismail, owafa ngo-907. Futhi lapha ngathola sokugcina indawo yakhe yokuphumula nomzukulu wakhe Nasr II Ibn Ahmad, owayengeyena ngonyaka 943. Igama le ndoda ethile satholakala ibhodi sokhuni, itholakala ngaphezu komnyango.

Ithuna we Samanid kubhebhethekiswe preinteresneyshey kwenye legend, okuyinto ukuhluka version evunyiwe ngokusemthethweni Islam. Ngakho, isiko lithi ngemva Arabhu yanqoba eBukhara, bazilahla zonke emathempelini Zoroastrian. It wakwazi ukusinda kuphela ethempelini Ilanga Nenyanga Temple. Kukholakala ukuthi Temple of the Moon ku kabusha Magoki-Atari Mosque. Temple of the Sun, futhi baba kakhulu Samanid wezindawo zezidumbu.

Hazrat Imam Complex

Samanids Mausoleum - akuyona lesikhumbuzo kuphela, okuyinto idume Uzbekistan. Izikhangibavakashi ke kukhona abanye. Ngokwesibonelo, e Tashkent kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi omangalisayo Hazrat Imam - endaweni lapho itholakala izikhumbuzo ambalwa isiko obungokomoya balabo Uzbek. I mhlobiso of the gama elifanayo esenikezwa kuya Mausoleum lapho kukhona khona isidumbu sefilosofi esidumile kanye nososayensi Kaffal al-Shashi. I Mausoleum lakhiwa 1541. Isakhiwo ihlukile ukuma cruciform. Ingaphakathi nengaphandle izindonga ahlotshiswe majolica amathayili into netshe eqoshwe.

Hazrat Imam eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi basonta ukwakhiwa Islamic Institute kanye Juma mosque. Lezi zakhiwo enhle ahlotshiswe isitayela kazwelonke.

Modern Tashkent ezikhangayo

sakhiwo sesimanjemanje futhi izici Uzbekistan. Izikhangibavakashi yalolu hlobo ingatholakala zonke Tashkent efanayo. Ngakho, ungavakashela "Aqualand" - epaki amanzi, elakhiwa ngo-maphakathi inhlokodolobha Uzbek. Njengoba isimo sezulu kule ngxenye yezwe esomile kakhulu futhi hot, into yokufunwa okungavamile phakathi izakhamuzi zedolobha, futhi phakathi izivakashi zakhe. Esikhathini "Aqualand" linikeza izivakashi - amachibi emihlanu evame ukubuzwa, kwakusondela igagasi, amaslayidi okusezingeni eliphezulu zokuguqulwa ahlukahlukene, Jacuzzi kanye emthambekeni ethandwa ngokuthi "Kamikaze".

Futhi ungavakashela ku Tashkent Amir Timur Museum, labavulekela ngo-1996. Lesakhiwo ithuba bajwayelane umlando waleli zwe ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu umlando we Timurid lwamakhosi siyinzalo we Tamerlane anamandla. Museum itholakala ababecishe babe izinkulungwane ezintathu ziphephile, okuyinto ukutshela ngokuphila nezigigaba eziningi hero abadumile.

Afterword

Uzbekistan ecebile eziningi izivakashi. Kodwa ethandwa kakhulu nabadumile phakathi kwabo ngokuqinisekile Mausoleum we Samanids okukhulunywa ngaye, ukudalulwa okuyinto eziboniswe ngenhla. Lokhu into esefikile kithi phakathi namakhulu eminyaka kusukela endulo impela. Uyazazisa ubuhle baso futhi monumentality kuyinto yesiteleka. Uzbeks bayalazisa futhi ngesilinganiso esithile ukukhothama phambi kwakhe.

Mausoleum kubonisa ubuhle nobukhosi esempumalanga isiko Muslim. Ungomunye kulawo masayithi okuyiwona kuwufanele ngokuvakashela kanye nezwe efana Uzbekistan.