Ratan 600: inhloso Umgomo we operation

Ratan-600 - kwesibonakude ngobukhulu umsakazo emhlabeni, elise Karachaevo-Cherkessia. Esibukweni eyinhloko has a ububanzi of 576 metres, kanye yejeyomethri antenna ndawo 15000 ^m2. Telescope yakhelwe ukufunda amaplanethi, ilanga, imithala, izinto extragalactic, kwekhabhoni Spectral, futhi ezinye izinjongo.

Umlando: Ratan-600

I umqondo wokwakha Itheleskopu yerediyo ine ngesisekelo umsebenzi wasendlini S. E. Haykina noN L. Kaydanovskogo ibalulekile 50s. Ekuqaleni umshayeli Pulkovo isibonakude yasungulwa ngesisekelo okuyinto nekusebenta variable-Iphrofayela antenna ucwaningo isikhala okuye kungase kutholakale.

Kwakuwusuku iMpi Yomshoshaphansi, lapho-US nase-USSR umbango sisincane. Abaholi ephefumulelwe kwethulwa isathelayithi lokuqala, kudingeka (ukuze kujabule ososayensi) ukuhlanganisa impumelelo ukwakhiwa into enkulu ukuhlola umkhathi. Ziba esiyingqayizivele imitha eziyisithupha azimuthal isibonakude esibukweni BTA futhi Ratan-600. I umkhicito wekugcina yokutholwa 18.08.1965 ngonyaka.

Ehlobo lika-1974, umkhakha esenyakatho kugqame ngokwawo unikelwé esandleni kanye irradiator №1. Umthombo umsakazo lokuqala PKS 0521-36 ukuthi uphenyo 12.07.1974 ngonyaka. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1977, izingxenye ezisele eyinkimbinkimbi kwangena: ukubonakalisa flat, imikhakha eningizimu, esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga.

incazelo

Ratan-600 isibonakude siqhutshwa Special Astrophysical Observatory we-Russian Academy of Sciences (Sao) - umuntu kuphela Russian lomhlaba Observatory. Into izici imitha 576-antenna isiyingi (kugqame isiyingi) kwala maphuzu 895. Usayizi ngamunye isici eyamukelayo - 2 m ububanzi kanye 11.4 m.

Into 15000 m ² antenna ukuziqhelelanisa endaweni Imininingwane (yangaphandle okuyingxenye) ithatha m ² 3500 ^kuphela. Le ngxenye engaphakathi kuyinto evulekile lapho radiators ahlelwe, ezihlukahlukene amadivaysi, ethola nekuhlatiya emisebeni cosmic.

Ratan-600 ifakiwe, okuyinto isithombe esihlaba umxhwele, emaphethelweni aseningizimu emzaneni Zelenchukskaya (Karachaevo-Cherkessia). Observatory isiphetho, kuhlanganise izakhiwo laboratory, izakhiwo zokuhlala, isikole, esisogwini loMfula Omkhulu Zelenchuk eduze Nizhne-Arkhyz isiphetho 9-13 eminyaka.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Okwasetshenziswa Ratan-600 izimiso ezintsha isibonakude design: altazimutalnaya ukukhweza, i zamagama beso kanye ebusweni elawulwa. Izici Key:

• Ukusabela Imvamisa 610-30000 MHz.
• Wavelength ububanzi: 1-50 cm.
• Ukunemba: 1-10 amasekhondi angu-arc.
• I emincane isinqumo esiphezulu 2 arc. isekhondi.
• Umkhawulo ukuthola izinga lokushisa ukukhanya: 0,050 MK.
• Ukuthola umkhawulo ukuminyana ecucuza: 0,500 mYanskih.

Ngenxa iqembu labacwaningi esikhulume labo udala futhi njalo ngcono lezi amadivaysi, eyinkimbinkimbi uhlala eyamsiza ukuqapha yonke.

ethola abanikeze asebenza nabo

Ngaphandle kwe-kugqame isiyingi, lokuqoqa futhi nigxile ulwazi (emisebeni) ifakwe emihlanu ethola Ratan apholile. Basuke ukuqopha amadivaysi.

Wamadokodo ku amapulatifomu kajantshi, okukuvumela kuzenze 12 imizila osabalalayo. Mobility inikeza izinto isifundo at azimuths ezahlukene pitch 30 °.

imisebenzi yesayensi

I-CAO nokobana uhlelo ebanzi izifundo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• Ucwaningo olunzulu umsebenzi elanga noma zingasebenzi emsakazweni.
• Astrometria nge nokukhawulela isinqumo emincane (speckle interferometry) kanambambili futhi amaningi inkanyezi ngabanye kanye inkanyezi nge eziphindwe enwetshiwe.
• High Ukulungiswa spectroscopy eziphindwe kanye imimoya izinhlobo ezahlukene izinkanyezi (ikakhulukazi, eziyinkimbinkimbi isibe umphakeli enkulu nesilinganiso kazibuthe zezinkanyezi).
• Radio futhi spectroscopy optical mafu e leminye imithala yethu futhi.
• Photometry isinqumo yesikhashana umkhawulo lezinto relativistic (pulsars, izimbobo black, kanye nezinye).
• Photometry futhi spectroscopy of nokulinganisela ongaphakeme isinqumo microquasars, amalensi okudonsa, imithala evamile futhi eyinqaba, inkanyezi ngayinye kuzo.
• Ukwakha isithombe lubandlululo kanye kinematic leqembu wendawo zemithala.
• Photometry spectroscopy futhi izingxenye optical ye-gamma-iphakama amabanga Cosmological.
• Radiokartirovanie microwave zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo yonke.

Ratan-600 (Zelenchuk) has isimo samathuluzi ivulekile wabelane. Kanye izazi zezinkanyezi yasekhaya ingxenye enkulu isikhathi abagcina zabelwe nozakwethu angaphandle, njengoba umthetho, ngokuba ukuqaliswa amaphrojekthi ngokuhlanganyela.

sesimanje

Eminyakeni eminingi edlule CAO ke ubumbe iqembu eyingqayizivele zezinkanyezi, insimbi opharetha. Eshumini leminyaka elidlule, izazi retool isibonakude emisebeni abamukelayo nge high futhi njalo okwandisa izici zayo: ukuzwela, Spectral, lubandlululo kanye nesinqumo yesikhashana.

Ikakhulukazi, kabusha ifakwe imishini ukushayela irradiators yesibili Ratan-600 kwalethela ezenzakalelayo elawula uhlelo ukuma irradiators. Inguqulo entsha ye-Spectral elanga futhi nokwehlukana eyinkimbinkimbi ephezulu definition (SPKVR-2) ebalekela 2008.

Yokubika kokuma weLanga bezazisa isisetshenziswa ku-intanethi, lapho wenza real-time iqoqo idatha nokuhlaziya. It has amasevisi kuseshwe ukuhlaziya idatha, kuhlanganise ukuqhathanisa nge idatha evela kweminye amathuluzi, ukuthola spectra nezinye kwemigomo emithonjeni yendawo.

Umsebenzi uyaqhubeka on ukusetshenziswa olulodwa okuphakelayo eyinhloko esigabeni isikhungo elikuvumela ukuba "ethula" ukugxila okukhulu futhi wenze uphawula ukwesekwa multi-imvamisa Imodi ( "Octave" iphrojekthi irradiators №1 futhi №3).
Umsebenzi ungaphansi kophenyo kanye nokuqapha ukuphazamiseka zangaphandle band UHF kuphothulwe okwalandela reception izindlela ukuze ukuvikelwa kagesi ukuphazamiseka radiometers ziyashiyana.

cwaningo abazoba

CAO ihlele izimiso ucwaningo yakhelwe ukuba asikhanyisele izimfihlakalo yonke. Phakathi kwemisebenzi esemqoka:

• Sun Ucwaningo.
• Sakhiwo kinematics igesi interstellar star ukwakha izifunda.
• Umsebenzi imithombo umsakazo extragalactic.
• Ukucinga Jets relativistic e imithala asebenzayo futhi quasars.
• Ukuphenywa isakhiwo kanye kinematics igesi interstellar e inkanyezi.
• Ukutadisha spectra ka extragalactic yesiqalo ephathelene nokudabuka-izinto.
• isakhi sofuzo Cosmological.
• Ukuqaphelwa phezu Matrix ngekhompuyutha MARS-3.
• Multi-wavelength observation into LSI + 61,303.
• Ucwaningo spectra futhi kokuhlukana GPS-imithombo.
• spectra ngesikhathi esisodwa BL Lac izinto.
• Ukuqapha microquasars.

izinzuzo

Phakathi izinzuzo Russian isibonakude ochwepheshe ukwaba:

• endaweni enkulu emkhakheni nonaberrational;
• multifrequency izilinganiso (0,6-35 GHz);
• anda isinqumo;
• ukuzwela okwandisiwe lokushisa ukukhanya.

Eminyakeni ezayo kuyoba Ratan kangcono ngisho: Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation ngo-2015 uye wanquma ukwaba ruble ayizigidi ezingu-100 ukuze ukufakwa amayunithi ephathekayo. Uma manje Itheleskopu yerediyo ine ukuze sibone izinto elise umugqa oqondile obonayo, bese emva izinga uzokwazi ukuba ahambe nabo laba target wafunda. Leli yithuba eliyingqayizivele ukuze sandise ukusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Naphezu into yayo eziyinkimbinkimbi lobuchwepheshe nobudala, Ratan-600 buyaqhubeka yerediyo olukhulukazi isikwele. Umncintiswano kuba eziyinkimbinkimbi zakamuva ongumShayina FAST pyatisotmetrovoy beso.