Veliky Novgorod: elingenamikhono izingalo. Veliky Novgorod: kuba isibonakaliso yesimanje zalo muzi?

Imibhalo eminingi yasendulo imithombo zithi lapho Varangian isikhulu Rurik safika namazwe lwamaSlav lasendulo, kwakumi Novgorod. I elingenamikhono izingalo komuzi - Umthombo walezi zinto izimfihlakalo nokushintshashintsha, ikhambi zazo elwa izizukulwane ethnographers nezazi-mlando. Obumavukuvuku izikhali uvele kusukela ukuvela ngaphambi kwesikhathi Novgorod izimpawu heraldic.

Phrinta Novgorod Republic

Ngo lwezimpawu ezihlukahlukene ezazisetshenziswa ukuzizuzela izivumelwano zohwebo abathengisi Novgorod nge abahwebi angaphandle kanye ukuphasiswa izinkontileka neziqondiso weRiphabhulikhi Novgorod, wasebenzisa umfanekiso ezinhlanu eziseqhulwini: iisus hristos, umgibeli, unyawo isosha, izilwane nezinyoni. Phakathi kwabo labo abalingisi kuhlanganisa ijazi yesimanje ye izingalo Veliky Novgorod - esihlalweni sobukhosi, amabhere amabili, inhlanzi.

Ngokokuqala ngqá izithombe afanayo avela ngemva wadla sokugcina Novgorod kuMbuso eMoscow izikhathi Ivana Groznogo ngesimo eyenziwe 1565 ngomyalo wabaholi inkosi ukuphrinta Novgorod umbusi. Kuleli fomu Kwathi usesimweni uphawu elikhulu u-Ivan IV. Yena sichazwa ngokuthi "indawo" kuso - abasebenzi, ngakolunye uhlangothi - ibhere, elinye - i-lynx yase, ezansi - izinhlanzi. "Indawo" ubizwa ngokuthi Funky "degree" - Stand ne izinyathelo, okuyinto ukuvusela abantu ngesikhathi emihlanganweni edolobheni kabanzi nangamaphesenti we Novgorod Republic.

ukutolika ahlukene

izimpawu Complex futhi engavamile, okuyinto yakhiwa Novgorod elingenamikhono, has ukutolika eziningana ezahlukene. Akubona bonke abacwaningi uhlele izincazelo owandile wokuthi ukubukeka amabhere ngenxa khona phakathi kwezizwe ababehlala ezweni Novgorod, ihlelo lalesi silwane, kanye nenhlanzi bamele yezandla lasendulo labantu abake baphila lweLake Ilmen, futhi ukujula amanzi awo nge izilwane ezahlukene.

Akwaziwa umbono ukuthi izinhlamvu kuboniswe ngophawu u-Ivan IV, kunosongo abantu inkululeko-onothando ka Tsar Novgorod eMoscow. Abasebenzi babeka Veche yesikhulumi kusho kokubusa uhulumeni autocrat yaseMoscow nezifiso republic izakhamuzi. Izilwane zasendle ezinhlangothini zifanekisela amandla isikhulu eMoscow futhi izinyathelo ingajezisa kusalindelwe abangalaleli. Pisces lifanekisela amanzi, lapho labo onesibindi ukulwa sokuzibusa bayophonswa. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, izinhlanzi, njengoba iwuphawu uJesu - kuwubufakazi kombuso ukwesekwa ngaphansi kwamandla aphezulu.

Ngokushesha ngemva ukubukeka izenzakalo Omkhulu Seal Ivana Groznogo iphutha, ngokusho kwabanye eqinisekisa ngokunemba labo ngakho ephatha elingenamikhono Novgorod izikhali. Novgorod wamangalelwa eMoscow uvukela inkosi futhi equliswa pacification ngesihluku.

"Titulyarnik" Alexei Mikhailovich

Ezikhumbuzo odumile heraldry Russian of XVII ekhulwini kukhona ukuguqulwa yokugcina Amatshwayo Novgorod, okwaholela version yokugcina zakudala. I mikhondo mural ka Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich elingenamikhono izingalo Veliky Novgorod ukuphrinta efanayo izikhathi u-Ivan IV, kodwa i-lynx yase e wawungasekho, esikhundleni sayo kwafakwa uHlelo bear yesibili.

Ukuqoqwa izimpawu heraldic, okuyinto wethulwa uyise uPetru mina - «Titulyarnik" e 1672 - okokuqala ikhombisa isethi ephelele izingxenye elingenamikhono Novgorod izikhali. Asinde Tribune uguqulwe ube sobukhosi lapho kwakulele intonga, esiphambanweni lwezibani, lizungezwe amabhere amabili ezansi - izinhlanzi ezimbili. Lokhu okuhlukile ihlukile samanje kuphela ukuqondisa sobukhosi (e ngamakwata amathathu). Itshwayo izingalo Veliky Novgorod e "banner armorial ka" Minich (1730) ikhombisa sobukhosi njengezinsuku manje - kusukela front.

elingenamikhono komlando izingalo Catherine izikhathi

kabusha Administrative Umbusikazi uCatherine II, okwaphumela kumiswa izifundazwe kanye governorships, sasekelwa the kabusha izindaba heraldic. izimpawu State ufakwe kuhambisana nezidingo isayensi gerbovedcheskoy yazuza ukungaguquguquki. Itshwayo izingalo Veliky Novgorod, incazelo okwakubekelwa royally evunyiwe Agasti 16, 1781, kwathatha ifomu, okuyinto kubhekwa yakudala.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo yena engacaci kuze kube yimanje hhayi ukuze igweme ukwenza amaphutha. Ngokusho imithetho heraldic, imibala asetshenziswe izingalo zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili ngokuthi isithako nomuthi: izinsimbi kanye koqweqwe lwawo (koqweqwe lwawo). Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa igolide nesiliva, neyesibili - ebomvu (abomvu), blue, black, onsomi, oluhlaza, futhi ezinye imibala ezengeziwe. Umthetho obaluleke kakhulu tincture akuvumeli ngokufakwa phezu kwensimbi metal, koqweqwe lwawo ku koqweqwe lwawo, futhi okuhlukile kufanele ngokucacile isizathu esiphathekayo. Incazelo elingenamikhono izingalo ngo-1781 ayiqukethe incazelo enjalo, nakuba sobukhosi igolide ensimini esiliva.

Metamorphosis inkathi yokushintsha

Soviet heraldry amajazi izikhali bayakhishwa kusukela kunoma iyiphi Amacebo kwezimpawu monarchical nakwezenkolo. Akakugwemanga ukucutshungulwa kanye elingenamikhono izingalo Veliky Novgorod. Izithombe idolobha symbology wesikhathi ukukhombisa ukuthi liye lalisusa esihlalweni sobukhosi sombuso nge intonga esiphambanweni ezibekwe phezu kwawo. amabhere amabili esisogwini zombili izinombolo 859, okubonisa ngonyaka esemthethweni ekusungulweni edolobheni. Umthetho tincture manje kugujwe, kodwa kunamasiko badukelana elingenamikhono izingalo emlandweni kusasele amakhulu eminyaka-endala yedolobha lasendulo.

Ukwakhiwa kabusha izimpawu zomlando heraldic waqala ezweni lonkana nge ekuqaleni umlando omusha waseRussia. Ngawathatha - Veliky elingenamikhono Novgorod izikhali futhi ifulege zakhiwa esekelwe version zakudala kwekhulu XVIII. Kulokhu, futhi, ukuthi akubanga ngaphandle nobunzima: ngonyaka ka-2006 sivunyiwe inketho ngasizathu simbe, elingenalo izinhlanzi isithombe eliseningizimu phansi isihlangu azure. Kuphela ngo-2010, ngesicelo izinhlanzi Novgorod babebuyela izingalo komuzi, futhi wathola ukuthi i engamukelwa, ukubukeka zomlando ekulondolozeni a izimfihlakalo odlule.