Wormholes emkhathini. hypothesis yezinkanyezi

yonke Ogcwele Izinkanyezi uyazifihla eziningi eziyimfihlakalo. Ngokwe- theory jikelele wokuhlobana kwezinto (GTR), eyasungulwa Einstein, siphila ezine-ntathu isikhala-time. Kuyinto lwalugobile namandla adonsela phansi, ijwayelekile sonke, siwukubonakaliswa lokhu impahla. Matter egoba, "egoba" isikhala elibazungezile futhi abangaphezu kuka-ke luthe ukuqina. Isikhala, isikhala kanye nesikhathi - konke lokhu sihloko ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uyokufa ukufunda okuthile okusha mayelana nabo.

Umqondo ugobile

neminye eminingi kwamandla adonsela phansi, ongagcini namuhla amakhulu lonke, uhluke imininingwane kusuka kwezinto jikelele. Nokho, zonke lezi imicabango yezinkanyezi ahlale into esemqoka - umbono ka ugobile. Nangabe isikhala lwalugobile, kungaba bazitshela ukuthi kungathatha, isibonelo, ukuma ipayipi yokuxhuma esifundeni, ahlukaniswa sebuningini light-years. Futhi mhlawumbe ngisho nasekugugeni, ukude nomunye. Phela, thina lapha asikhulumi ngama isikhala, ajwayelekile kithi, kodwa isikhala-time, lapho sibheka isikhala. Umgodi kuwo ingavela kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Sikunikeza ukuba simazi nge lomkhuba ezithakazelisayo Wormholes.

Umqondo wokuqala Wormholes

isikhala Deep nemikarisomraro yayo ezikhanga. Imicabango on ugobile uvele ngemva nje kokuba enyatheliswa Jikelele Ukuhlobana. L. Flamm, i-physics Austria ngubani ngo-1916, uthe lo geometry ngekwendzawo kungaba khona umgodi othile, okuyinto uxhuma imihlaba emibili. Sezibalo N. Rosen-Albert Einstein ngo-1935, waphawula ukuthi isixazululo elula we zibalo kohlaka kwezinto jikelele, echaza imithombo angawodwa kagesi noma hlangothi, udala ensimini okudonsa, abe ngekwendzawo isakhiwo "ibhuloho '. Okungukuthi, lapho bexhuma universes amabili, izinhlu ezimbili cishe flat futhi okufanayo isikhala-time.

Kamuva, lezi zakhiwo ngekwendzawo waqala ngokuthi "Wormholes", okuyinto kunalokho wamahhala kusukela lesiNgisi elithi wormhole. Eduzane inguqulo yakhe - "wormhole" (emkhathini). Rosen ngisho Einstein akazange ukuvala amathuba usebenzisa lezi "amabhuloho 'ukuchaza kubo ngosizo izinhlayiya aphansi. Ngempela, kulesi simo, kuyizinhlayiyana kuyindlela luyingxenye ngekwendzawo. Ngakho, isidingo kukhombisa umthombo icala noma isisindo ezithi ivele. A akude ingqapheli zangaphandle lapho wormhole unamahlangothi ngesibonakhulu, ubona isikhonzi nje umthombo iphuzu ne mali futhi mass ngenkathi eyodwa yalezi izikhala.

"Bridges" Einstein-Rosen

Kolunye uhlangothi kule mpi emgodini siqukethe kagesi zikagesi, nangaphandle, ngakolunye uhlangathi ungahambi ophela futhi ukuqala kuphi. G .. Wheeler, i-physics American, kulesi senzakalo wathi kuvela "icala ngaphandle kwenkokhelo" futhi "mass ngaphandle mass." Akubalulekile kulokhu ukucabangela ukuthi ibhuloho isetshenziswa ukuxhuma universes ezimbili ezihlukene. Ayikho zihlobane futhi kungaba nokucabanga ukuthi ezimbili wormhole "umlomo" baphume endaweni yonke efanayo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene futhi ezindaweni ezahlukene kulo. It kuvela ukuthi into efana nendawo "isibambo" eziyize uma kuwukuthi thunga emhlabeni cishe flat evamile. Imizila amandla kukhona emlonyeni, okuyinto kungaqondakala njengomyalo negative (isibonelo, ama-electron). Imbobo okuvela ngazo zitholakala, has a icala omuhle (positron). Njengoba for uquqaba, zingabantu nhlangothi zombili ziyafana.

Conditions of ukwakhiwa 'amabhuloho "Einstein-Rosen

Lesi sithombe, nazo zonke zalo ezikhangayo, akuyona lasakazekela physics izinhlayiya aphansi, njengoba kwaba yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Akulula wavela "ibhuloho 'Einstein-Rosen quantum izakhiwo, nayo ekhona sekuba yinto enkulu. Lokhu "ibhuloho ', futhi hhayi ezakhiwe amagugu eyaziwa of charge and mass izinhlayiya (proton ne-electron). isixazululo "Electric" esikhundleni ubikezela ngokuthi "enqunu" Singularity, okungukuthi, iphuzu lapho emkhakheni kagesi ugobile isikhala senziwa engapheli. Ngezinye amaphuzu ezinjalo umqondo isikhala-isikhathi, ngisho noma ugobile kuyize, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuba uxazulule izibalo nge isibalo esingapheliyo imigomo.

hhayi GTR Lapho usebenza?

Ngu uqobo, imfundiso jikelele wokuhlobana kwezinto likusho ngokuqondile ke uyayeka nini ukusebenza. On entanyeni, ngesikhathi encane iphuzu "ibhuloho ', njengoba sekube nesicelo kokunikezwa kwe-olubushelelezi yoxhumano. Futhi kufanele wathi, azisho lutho. Ngokombono isibukeli ezikude kule entanyeni isikhathi stop. Iqiniso lokuthi Einstein Rosen kubhekwe entanyeni, manje ichazwa ngokuthi umkhathizwe kwenzeka umgodi omnyama (a icala noma hlangothi). Rays noma izinhlayiya ezivela izinhlangothi ezahlukene, "kwebhuloho" bawela "izindawo" ezahlukene emkhathizwe. Futhi phakathi izingxenye kwesokunxele nakwesokudla ke, ukukhuluma kuqhathaniswa, kuba inkambu non-static. Ukuze kudlule endaweni, asikwazi ukuyinqoba.

Ukungakwazi udabula ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu

Mkhathi, okuyinto eduze kunina kuyinto isihlobo mikhulu kuso ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu efana yiqhwa kuze kube phakade. amasignali ezincane ukufinyelela kuye ... Kunalokho, emkhathizwe sewashi womkhumbi kufinyelelwa ngesikhathi ezilinganiselwe. Lapho umkhumbi (noma umshayo kuyizinhlayiyana yokukhanya) sihamba-ke, yena ngokushesha uzobe waphumula phakathi Singularity. Lena ukuphela kwendawo lapho ugobile iba elingapheli. I Singularity (ku indlela kuso) umzimba enwetshiwe nakanjani ephukile nechobozekile. Lona ngokoqobo zedivayisi imbobo abamnyama.

nezifundo

Ngo 1916-17 GG. Thina eyatholakala izixazululo Reissner-Nordstrom futhi Schwarzschild. Bachazwa by izimbobo spherically ziyalingana black kagesi futhi hlangothi. Nokho Physics ukuqeda bakwazi ukuqonda kuyinkimbinkimbi geometry idatha izikhala kuphela ekuqa- 1950-60-yalolucwaningo. Yingaleso sikhathi D. A. Uiler, eyaziwa umsebenzi wakhe ku-mbono wamandla adonsela phansi, futhi wesayensi yenuzi, wasikisela ukuthi elithi "wormhole" futhi "umgodi omnyama". Kwavela ukuthi ezikhaleni Reissner-Nordstrom futhi Schwarzschild Wormholes zikhona emkhathini. Ababona ebonakalayo ngokuphelele umuntu obuka akude, efana umgodi omnyama. Futhi, njengabo, Wormholes emkhathini phakade. Kodwa uma isihambi lingena isithela emkhathizwe, bewa ngokushesha ukuze ngabo ayikwazi ukundiza iyiphi ray yokukhanya noma kuyizinhlayiyana okukhulu, hhayi lokho umkhumbi. Ukuze fly to the nezinye umlomo, ngokudlula Singularity, kudingeka ukuhamba ngisheshe ukwedlula ukukhanya. Okwamanje, izazi zesayensi bakholelwa ukuthi velocity of supernova ka yamandla nezinto ezisebenza ngokuyisisekelo engenakwenzeka.

izimbobo Black Schwarzschild futhi Reissner-Nordstrom

Schwarzschild ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu ingathiwa amavukuzi esingaweleki zishona. Ngokuqondene ukuhlelwa kwesikhala sezinhlamvu Reissner-Nordstrom, kuba kancane kuyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa futhi esingaweleki. Kuseza futhi uchaze Wormholes ezine-ntathu emkhathini ukuthi zingase zidlulisele, akunzima kakhulu. Kudingeka kuphela pick up ifomu ledzingekako metric. I tensor imethrikhi, noma i-metric, - isethi lokwehlukile, usebenzisa okuyinto, umuntfu angakhona kubala ngezikhathi ezine-ntathu ekhona phakathi amaphuzu-imicimbi. Lokhu iqoqo eziguquguqukayo ephawula ngokuphelele futhi emkhakheni okudonsa, kanye geometry isikhala-time. Geometric engu- Wormholes emkhathini, kulula ngisho kuka izimbobo omnyama. Abanaso khathizwe eziholela ezinhlekeleleni kanye lokudlula kwesikhathi. Ngezinye amaphuzu ezahlukene ngesikhathi angaya leshlukene, kodwa akufanele ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokungenamkhawulo ayeke noma ukusheshisa.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili Wormholes ucwaningo

Nature esebeké isithiyo ukuvela Wormholes. Nokho, umuntu yakhelwe ukuze uma kukhona isithiyo, kuyoba njalo uzimisele ukuyinqoba. Futhi ososayensi nabo bayajabula. Ekuqhubeni theorists ngubani zihlola Wormholes zingahlukaniswa zibe izindawo ezimbili umphelelisi nomunye. Amadili lokuqala ne ngokucabangela imiphumela yabo kusengaphambili uzitshela ukuthi Wormholes zikhona. Abameleli beNdikimba isiqondiso yesibili sokuzama ukuqonda ukuthi yini futhi kanjani they zingavela, izimo ezidingekile ukuvela yabo. Umsebenzi kulesi siqondiso mkhulu lokuqala futhi, mhlawumbe, zingabantu mnandi. Ukuze lesi siqondiso zihlanganisa search for amamodeli we Wormholes, kanye cwaningo izakhiwo zabo.

Izimpumelelo of zesayensi Russian

Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, property ndaba ukuthi kuyinto material for ukwakhiwa Wormholes kungenziwa igcwaliseke ngenxa nokwehlukana cleaner quantum Amasimu. zesayensi Russian Sergey Sushkov futhi Arkady Popov, kanye wamazwe Spanish uDavide Hochberg futhi Sergei Krasnikov muva esefinyelela kulesi siphetho. Umshini kulokhu akuyona uyize. Lesi simo quantum libhekene amandla aphansi, okungukuthi, nensimu emila azikho izinhlayiya yangempela. Kulesi ensimini, njalo kokuba kuyizinhlayiyana namabhuzu "virtual" inyamalala ngaphambi kokuba wathola amadivayisi, kodwa ishiya izibazi ngesimo amandla tensor, okusho ishayela, libhekene izakhiwo engavamile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi quantum izakhiwo ndaba ikakhulukazi ebonakaliswa microcosm, Wormholes, owabangela kubo, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ongafinyelela babebaningi kakhulu. Omunye izihloko Krasnikova, ngasendleleni, ubizwa ngokuthi "Usongo Wormholes."

umbuzo wefilosofi

Uma Wormholes wake usazokwazi ukwakha noma ukuthola embusweni wefilosofi, ehambisana ne-ukuhumusha isayensi, ukwazi ukubhekana nezinselele ezintsha futhi, mangisho, kunzima kakhulu. Nge zonke ezibonakala okungenangqondo isikhathi izihibe kanye nezindaba ezinzima eziphathelene causation, lo mkhakha wesayensi, cishe wabhalwa lokhu bayakuqonda. Njengoba nje waqonda ngesikhathi sakhe nezinkinga quantum Mechanics kanye adalwe theory ka-Einstein ye kwezinto. Isikhala, isikhala kanye nesikhathi - zonke lezi zinkinga kuzo zonke izizukulwana, onesithakazelo kubantu futhi kungenzeka zinesithakazelo kithi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ukuze ukwazi kubo kahle neze aphumelele. Ukuhlola umkhathi akunakwenzeka ukuba wake igcwaliswe.