Phosphorus White, ezimnyama - izici isicelo

Phosphorus kuyinto lalivamile chemical isici kule mbulunga yethu. Igama layo ihumusha ngokuthi "elikhanyayo", ngoba njengoba injalo okuhlanzekile, likhanya bhá ebumnyameni. Vula lesi sici kwaba ngengozi, Alchemist Henning Brandt, lapho ezama ukukhipha igolide umchamo. Njengoba phosphorus iyona element lokuqala alchemy bakwazi ukuthola ngokusebenzisa ucwaningo lwabo.

Izimpawu phosphorus

Kuyinto amakhemikhali ekhuthele kakhulu, ngakho ngokwemvelo lingatholakala kuphela ngesimo amaminerali - compounds nezinye izakhi, zazo zikhona 190 zilwane. Into ebaluleke kakhulu kwakwakhe - a phosphate calcium (amaminerali apatite). Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi apatite, esikhulunywa abantu abaningi okuyinto fluorapatite. Of apatite yakhiwa izinhlobo ezahlukene idwala sedimentary - phosphate.

Ukuze eziphilayo bukhoma phosphorus ke kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ingxenye zombili yemifino kanye isilwane amaprotheni ngesimo compounds ahlukahlukene.

Ngo izitshalo, lesi sici kuqukethwe ikakhulukazi namaprotheni imbewu futhi izilwane - amaprotheni ahlukahlukene igazi, ubisi, amaseli zobuchopho futhi izicubu sezinzwa. semali phosphorus eziqukethwe ifomu-calcium ne-phosphate emathanjeni yezilwane ezinomgogodla.

Phosphorus likhona ezintathu ukulungiswa allotropic: phosphorus ezimhlophe, ezimnyama. Ake sihlole kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

phosphorus White ingatholakala ngokushesha kuphole Ukhuphula izinkungu. Khona-ke crystalline kwakhiwa okuqinile, okuyinto ngokuphelele esobala futhi kungekho nto enemibala emihle esimweni okumsulwa. phosphorus White, wawuhloselwe ukudayiswa, ngokuvamile ababethi umbala kancane aphuzi futhi ukubonakala kwawo kuyafana wax. Kulesi ketshezi abandayo kuba ethambile, futhi izohlala ezingeni lokushisa ngenhla degrees 15 kuba soft futhi kalula kungenziwa wasika ngommese.

Ngo amanzi, i-phosphorus elimhlophe is hhayi kakhulu ziyoncibilika, kodwa esabela kahle kumakhemikhali awuketshezi organic. Emoyeni ke oxidizes ngokushesha kakhulu (iqala ukuba ashise) futhi namanje sikhanya ebumnyameni. Empeleni, umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi elikhanyayo izidakamizwa futhi umphenyi izindaba we Hound we Baskervilles exhunywe ne phosphorus emhlophe. Kuyinto ubuthi ezinamandla ebulalayo ngisho ngemithamo emincane ukuthi.

phosphorus Red - umbala okuqinile amnyama obomvu, okuyinto ine impahla sehluke kakhulu echazwe ngenhla. It is oxidized emoyeni kancane kakhulu, ebumnyameni, ovuthayo, ovuthayo kuphela bafudumale in ikhambi kuphela organic yalo akunakwenzeka, futhi akusiyo anobuthi. A Ukushisa eqinile, lapho kungekho ukufinyelela emoyeni, ngaphandle ukuncibilika, is ibe umusi, okuyinto, ku lwaluyophola, kanye etholwe phosphorus emhlophe. Esikhathini omlilo of zombili lezi zici kwakhiwa phosphorus oxide, okuyinto efakazela khona isakhiwo kwabo leyo nto. Ngamanye amazwi, benza akhiwa isici esisodwa - phosphor - futhi ukuhlela kabusha yayo allotropic.

Black phosphorus ibhalwe kusuka omhlophe degrees 200 Celsius ngaphansi kwengcindezi okusezingeni eliphezulu. It has a isakhiwo egqinsiwe, a ucwebezela ngendlela ekhangayo metallic futhi ukubukeka efana Graphite. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo lomcebo okuqinile kuba okungenani asebenzayo.

Ukusetshenziswa phosphorus

ukukhiqizwa Modern phosphorus - abangaba yisigidi amathani ngonyaka. abakhiqizi ezinkulu:-United States, eNetherlands, amazwe aseCanada, iJalimane.

Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi kukhiqizwa phosphorus ukusetshenziswa for ezishisayo wali band acid isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni kukamanyolo nezinhlobo zikasawoti. phosphorus White isetshenziswa njengenhlangano agent incendiary umusi ezikhiqiza, kuhlanganise i-Tracer nezinhlamvu.

Red isetshenziswa womshini i ebusweni incendiary we Ibhokisi likamentshisi, futhi ekukhiqizeni esikhipha amalambu, enza njengoba getter.

Phosphorus ithole isicelo yayo yokusansimbi. Isetshenziselwa njengenhlangano okufakiwe ukukhiqiza Alloys doped, solders, elithambile Alloys kazibuthe kanye antifriction.