Ukwesaba kusebenza e-USA. Umlando wokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula e-USA

Ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula wamanje e-United States isikhathi ngasinye kuhloswe ngazo zonke izindaba zomhlaba. Izizathu zabo zazihlobene nezingxabano ezihlukahlukene kakhulu ezungeze umbuso waseMelika.

Inhlekelele e-Oklahoma City

Ngaphambi kukaSeptember 11, 2001, ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula epochal eNew York, isenzo samaphekula okwedlulele kunazo zonke kwaba ukuqhuma kombhomu wemoto. Ngenxa yokuhlaselwa, i-Alfred Marr Federal Building yabhujiswa. Ngo-Ephreli 19, 1995, abantu abangu-168 bafa edolobheni lase-Oklahoma City, kwabulawa abantu abaningi abangamakhulu emiphakathi futhi balimala.

Ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula e-US ngaleso sikhathi kwakumangalisa kangangokuthi akekho owayelindele noma yiluphi uhlobo, ikakhulukazi esifundazweni saseMelika esijulile. Ngemuva kokuthi isizwe sithole ukushaqeka, uphenyo olunzulu kakhulu emlandweni we-FBI lwaqala. Abaphenyi benza izinkulungwane zemisebenzi, baqoqa izigidi zemibhalo. Akekho owayenomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlasela, ngakho-ke izinsizakalo ezikhethekile kwakudingeka zihambe endleleni yezigebengu ezicishe zingaboni kahle. Ngenxa yokuqhuma, amakhulu ezakhiwo abonakalisiwe, futhi kwakungekho lutho olusala kusayithi lebhomu ngaphandle kwe-funnel.

Izizathu zesenzo

Abasolwa kuleli cala bavalelwe kuphela ngemva konyaka nonyaka. Ukwesaba okusebenzayo e-US bekulokhu kubangele ukukhangisa okukhulu, ngakho uphenyo lwaqhutshwa phambi kwezilaleli eziyizigidigidi. Ekugcineni, uThimothew McVeigh, umsekeli wombukiso ophezulu we-wing, waboshwa. Futhi, umlingani wakhe uTerry Nichols wathathwa.

Ukuhlaselwa kwahlelwa njengempendulo eziphathimandla ezenzweni zabo ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa eWaco. Ngo-1993, izikhulu ze-FBI zathatha inhlanzi yesiqhema seqembu elithi "Davidov Branch" lenkolo. Ngenxa yenkambano eqhubekayo, kwahlaselwa abantu abangu-86, kuhlanganise namalungu angu-82 omphakathi. Ekuhlaselweni, kwasetshenziswa imishini yempi.

Yilezi zenzakalo uThimothewu McVeigh obizwa ngokuthi yisisusa sakhe esikhulu, okwamholela ekuhleleni ukuhlasela kwamaphekula. Ngo-2001, wabulawa ngokujova umjovo obulalayo. Umlingani wakhe uTerry Nichols ugwetshwe ukuboshwa ejele.

Uchungechunge lwezokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula ngoSepthemba 11, 2001

Lo mcimbi ushintshe izimpilo zabaseMelika kuphela, kodwa futhi nezakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe. Uma ubuza umuntu ongahleliwe ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamaphekula e-US, ngakho-ke wonke umuntu uzokhumbula ngaphandle kokungabaza inhlekelele eyenzeka ngoSeptemba 11, 2001.

Umbono omkhulu kakhulu emhlabeni wonke kwaba ukushayisana kwezindiza ezimbili ezinemijikelezo emibili ye-World Trade Center eNew York. Kodwa-ke, abaningi bakhohlwe ukuthi kunezindiza ezimbili ezengeziwe ezebiwe. Indiza yesithathu yabalandeli yathunyelwa esakhiweni sePentagon.

Abagibeli beBoeing wokugcina bazama ukuvimbela amaphekula ababegibele. Emzabalazweni oqhubekayo, ukulawulwa kwalahleka, futhi indiza yashaya phansi, ingafinyeleli umgomo wayo. Ukushayeka kwezindiza kwenzeka ePennsylvania. Imiphumela yophenyo yabonisa ukuthi izigebengu zihlelwe ukuthumela le ndege kuWashington Capitol enhloko-dolobha yase-United States .

Kuphelele, amaphekula angu-19 ahlanganyela ekusebenzeni okusheshayo, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amane. Benza okuthile egameni le-Al Qaeda. Kusukela ezenzweni zabo, abantu abangu-2 977 babulawa. Ukuhlaselwa kwamaphekula kwakunzima kakhulu futhi kubi kangangokuba emva kukaSepthemba 11 inqubomgomo yonke yase-US ehlobene nama-radicals amaSulumane ashintshile. Ngokuyinhloko, izimpi zaqala eMpumalanga Ephakathi.

Imiphumela

Ukukhumbula ukuhlaselwa kukaSepthemba 11 e-US, iziphathimandla zenze izinguquko eziningi emthethweni okwakudingeka ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwezakhamizi nokuvimbela izinhlekelele ezinjalo. Isibonelo, baqinisa zonke izinhlobo zokuhlola ezindaweni zezindiza nakwamanye ama-hubs ezokuthutha lapho ama-radicals angangena khona ezweni.

Futhi, ukuhlakanipha nezinye izinsizakalo ezikhethekile zithole amandla engeziwe ahlobene nokulawula umphakathi. Ukuguqulwa okunjalo kwe-draconian akuzange kubangele abantu abaningi, futhi izakhamizi zase-US ngezikhathi ezithile zahlela imibhikisho. Naphezu kokungajabuli kwabantu, zonke izinyathelo zenzeke ngempumelelo: emva kokuphazamiseka kukaSepthemba 11, izinhlekelele ezinjalo azizange zenzeke futhi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izakhamuzi zaseMelika zibhekene nenye inkinga ephathelene nokuphepha kwabo. Kwakuyimvume yokuthenga nokuphatha izibhamu. Kwakungenxa yokudutshulwa kwababulali-abahlukumezekile (abangahlobene nezisusa zezombusazwe) ukuthi inani elikhulu kunazo zonke labantu base-United States bafa eminyakeni eyishumi edlule.

Umjaho oyingozi

Ukuhlasela kwamaphekula kuphela e-US emva kwezenzakalo zika-2001 kwaba uchungechunge lweziqhumane eBoston Marathon ngo-Ephreli 15, 2013. Ngasekugcineni kwebanga, kwafakwa amadivaysi amabili azenzele, asebenze ngesikhashana semizuzwana engu-12.

Ukwesaba okusebenza e-United States akuzange kwenzeke isikhathi eside, ngakho ukuhlasela okusha kwahlwanyela ukwesaba okukhulu. Indawo yokuqhuma yayikhethwe ngokucophelela futhi ngamabomu: kwasekugcineni lapho ababukeli abaningi bebekhona. Lapha ibanga labagijimi abayizinkulungwane laphela (e-marathon lingabamba iqhaza nabalandeli).

Ukuqhuma kwabulala abantu abathathu: izakhamuzi ezimbili zase-US kanye nesakhamuzi esisodwa saseShayina. Ngokuvamile, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva kokuhlasela kwamaphekula, iqembu elithile elihleliwe lithatha umthwalo wale nhlekelele futhi lisho izimfuno zalo zezombangazwe. Kodwa-ke, ngalesi sikhathi akukho lutho lwalolu hlobo olwenzeka.

Abafowethu Tsaranaevs

Isizathu salokhu kumangala ukuthi ukuqhuma kwakuhlelwe ngabalimi ababili. Ekuqaleni, iziphathimandla zazingakwazi lokhu, futhi ukusolakala ukuthi usongo lwamaphekula e-US lwalusezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu. Kodwa abaphenyi benza umsebenzi wabo futhi maduzane bashiya endleleni yabafowethu uTaranaev.

AmaCherchen ahlala eMelika isikhathi esithile aphenduka amaphekula. Ngesikhathi eboshiwe, umfowabo omdala uTamerlane wadutshulwa ngabasebenzi. U-Dzhokhara ohlangene naye waboshwa futhi wazama kuze kube manje. Umlando wokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula e-US kanye nesiphetho sabahleli abadlule bokuhlasela okwawela ezandleni zeziphathimandla kubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-Chechen ilindele isigwebo sokufa.

Impahla yesimanje

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, isongo esikhulu sokuhlaselwa kwamaphekula e-US kwavela kuma-radicals yamaSulumane. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, iqembu lase-al-Qaida nomholi walo ohlambalaza u-Osama bin Laden babesengaphambili kulo mhlangano. Waba ngumgomo omkhulu wemisebenzi ekhethekile yaseMelika, eyamzingela kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Ephakathi.

UBin Laden wabulawa ngesikhathi kuqhutshwa amabutho akhethekile ase-US, okwenzeka ngoMeyi 2, 2011 ePakistan. Ngemuva kokushona komholi, i-Al Qaeda ayizange iqede imisebenzi yayo yamaphekula, kepha usongo lwayo eMelika selubuthakathaka ngokuphawulekayo.

Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka ofanayo ngo-2011, izenzakalo zenzeka ezweni lama - Arabhu , okwaba yimbangela yokuzalwa kwamandla amasha. Emazweni aseMpumalanga Ephakathi naseMaghreb, kwenziwa imizamo yokushintsha amandla ngamunye. Isici esihlukile sokuqothulwa kwakuwukuthi baholwa abantu abavamile, hhayi ngezempi, ngokuvamile ababehlela ukuvuselelwa.

E-Syria, umzamo wokushintsha umbuso usuphenduke impi yombango, eqhubeka nanamuhla. Kwakukhona kuleli zwe, kanye ne-Iraq eseduze, ukuthi i-IGIL yavela - iqembu elisha lamaphekula. Lawa ma-radicals awaqala nje ukusongela ukuhlaselwa emhlabeni wonke, kodwa futhi wadala isimo sabo sombuso eMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-IGIL e-US akukaze kwenzeke, kodwa usongo lwabo luhlala lwangempela, ngakho-ke iziphathimandla zenza konke ukugwema ukuchithwa kwegazi ensimini yabo.