Ubuciko kanye EzokuzijabulisaIzincwadi

Life kanye lokusungula Bunin. Izihloko Ukudala Bunin

Isikhova i-great umbhali Russian futhi owathola uMklomelo KaNobel, imbongi, umlobi, umhlaziyi etemibhalo umbhali temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba kanye umhumushi. La mazwi abonisa imisebenzi, izimpumelelo lokusungula Bunin. Lonke ukuphila omlobi bekulokhu yehlukene kaningi okubalwa futhi ezithakazelisayo, wayehlale wazikhethela indlela yakhe futhi awayilalelanga labo ababezama "kabusha" umbono wakhe ngokuphila, wayengabhekiseli abathintekayo kunoma imuphi umphakathi tetemibhalo, futhi ikakhulukazi eqembu lezombusazwe. It akunakubangelwa labo bantu ababephikisa abevelele emsebenzini wakhe.

ebuntwaneni OluseDuze

Okthoba 10 (ngaphansi Art. Isitayela) 1870 emzini Voronezh, wazalwa umfanyana, Ivan Bunin, biography kanye lokusungula okuyinto esikhathini esizayo izohamba nokuncane elikhanyayo izincwadi Russian futhi izwe.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Ivan Bunin enzalweni i umndeni lasendulo ezihloniphekayo, eseyingane kwenzeke hhayi edolobheni elikhulu, futhi omunye amakhaya yokhokho (kwaba epulazini elincane). Abazali ababengenamandla okukuthola ukuqasha komfundisi yangasese. Cishe ngesikhathi lapho Bunin ekhula futhi wafundelwa endlini, umbhali wakhumbula ukuphila isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa. Lokhu "segolide" nkathi ekuphileni kwakhe, wakhuluma kahle kuphela. Lapho bebonga, kanye nenhlonipho wakhumbula ukuthi umfundi eMoscow University, okuyinto, ngokusho umbhali, futhi yavusa kuye abanothando izincwadi, ngoba, naphezu yobudala bayo abasha, izincwadi zokuqala, abafunda Ivan kancane, kwaba "Odyssey" futhi "Le mbongi ngesiNgisi." Ngisho Bunin yena kamuva wathi leli kwakuyiqembu umfutho lokuqala kuya versification nekubhala jikelele. Engingakusho nje wabonisa ekuseni kwezobuciko Ivan Bunin. Imbongi uye ngokucula ithalente lakhe umfundi. Yena kahle ukufunda ngemisebenzi yabo, futhi kushukumisele izilaleli dullest.

Isifundo esikoleni esiphakeme

Lapho Vanya wayeneminyaka eyishumi ubudala, abazali bami banquma ukuthi ngifinyelele yobudala uma kakade kungenzeka lona esikoleni. Ngakho-Ivan waqala ukutadisha ngesikhathi Elets sokuzivocavoca. Phakathi nale nkathi ayephila ikude nabazali bayo, nezihlobo zabo Yelets. Ukwamukelwa esikoleni futhi waqala ukufunda khona ukuphendukela ezithile iphuzu ngaye, ngenxa yokuthi ummangali owathi ngokuphila kwakhe lonke ngaphambi kwalokhu ayephila nabazali bakhe futhi cishe ngabhekana ukulinganiselwa, kwakunzima ngempela ukujwayela impilo entsha edolobheni. Imithetho emisha kanye okukhulu we enqabelo kuhlanganisiwe ekuphileni kwakhe. Kamuva wahlala amafulethi aqashiwe, kodwa futhi akazange azizwe ekhululekile kulezi zindlu. Isifundo esikoleni esiphakeme eyathatha isikhathi esifushane, ngoba emva kweminyaka 4 waxoshwa. Isizathu kwaba ukwehluleka ukukhokhela yesikole kanye emsebenzini eholidini.

indlela ongaphandle

Phela besibhekene Ivan Bunin esezinzile ifa ugogo wakhe ongasekho e Ozerki. Ngaphansi kokuqondisa nomfowabo omdala, uJuliyu, yena lolimi Yiqiniso senzeka ngokushesha ngokwanele. Ezinye izinto ayebafundisa nzima. Futhi kwaba ngisho unyaka enyuvesi. UJuliyu, umfowabo omdala Ivana Bunina, njalo kwahluka erudition. Ngakho-ke, nguye ababesiza nomfowethu omncane esikoleni. Ngezinye Julia no-Ivan babe nobuhlobo ngempela nginethemba. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, nguye owaba umfundi wokuqala nomcusumbuli asekuqaleni usebenza ku-internet Ivana Bunina.

Umugqa wokuqala

Ngekusho kwembhali wencwadzi yena, wayebonisa ikhono lakhe esizayo wathonywa izindaba nezihlobo, nabangane lapho ezwa khona endaweni lapho achitha eseyingane. Kwaba kukhona ukuthi wafunda kuqala futhi butholakala enqubweni eyinkimbinkimbi kanye izici of the yolimi lwebele, ezwa izindaba nezingoma, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo baye wasiza nomlobi uthole ukuqhathanisa esiyingqayizivele ngemisebenzi yakhe. Konke lokhu kuyindlela engcono abathintekayo ithalente Bunin.

Waqala ukubhala izinkondlo zisencane. Bunin lokusungula ozalwa, singasho ukuthi umbhali esizayo wayeneminyaka eyisikhombisa kuphela ubudala. Lapho zonke ezinye izingane nje ukufunda, Ivan kancane kwakuqale nokubhala izinkondlo. Empeleni wayefuna ukuba uphumelele, uqhathanisa ngokwengqondo ngokwakhe Pushkin, Lermontov. Ngomdlandla ukufunda imisebenzi Maikova, Tolstoy, Fet.

At ekuqaleni lokusungula lochwepheshe

Okokuqala ezibhalelwe Ivan Bunin, futhi, kule nkathi sasivumela abasha, okungukuthi iminyaka engu-16. Life kanye lokusungula Bunin ngokuvamile njalo eduze munye. Hhayi-ke, bonke baqala Yiqiniso, ezincane, lapho ezimbili izinkondlo zakhe zishicilelwe: ". Village isinxibi" ". Yithuna S. Ya Nadsona" futhi Kuwo lo nyaka, eziyishumi the best of izinkondlo zakhe futhi izindaba zokuqala "Umzuli amabili" futhi "Nefedka" Kwanyatheliswa. Le micimbi ekuqaleni umsebenzi wokubhala nokulotshwa imbongi omkhulu futhi umbhali. Okokuqala yakhethwa isihloko imisebenzi yakhe - nendoda. Ngo umsebenzi Bunin nesihloko kwengqondo, izimfihlakalo umphefumulo ahlale ukhiye emgqeni wokugcina.

Ngo-1889, i-Bunin abasha, ngaphansi kwethonya wamavukelambuso-yeningi nezazi traffic - populists, ehamba nge umfowabo laseKharkov. Kodwa ngokushesha akayijabulelanga kule nhlangano, futhi ngokushesha uyahamba. Esikhundleni ngokubambisana neNhlangano populists, waya emzini Eagle futhi kukhona iqala umsebenzi wakhe "Orlovsky iGazethi". iqoqo yakhe yokuqala izinkondlo eshicilelwe ngo-1891.

uthando kuqala

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi phezu izindikimba impilo lokusungula Bunin abangu nhlobonhlobo, bacishe bayifunda yonke ethi lokuqala izinkondlo benamandla kokwenzeka Ivan abasha. Ngaso nje kulesi sikhathi umlobi kwakungomunye uthando kuqala. Wayehlala umshado civil ne Varvaroy Paschenko, owaba kushukumisa umlobi. Ngakho okokuqala ukubonisa uthando umsebenzi Bunin sika. Young ngokuvamile beba nezingxabano, akazange yokuthola ulimi olulodwa. Konke okwenzekile ekuphileni kwabo ndawonye, ngaso sonke isikhathi wamenza udumazeke futhi ukucabanga, futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthando kuwufanele kokuhlangenwe nakho okunjalo? Ngezinye izikhathi kwakuba sengathi othile nje akafuni okungaphezu kwalokho bendawonye. Okokuqala kwaba ukuvinjelwa uyise sikaBarbara emshadweni ka intsha, bese uma benza unquma ukuhlala emshadweni womthetho, Ivan Bunin kungalindelekile uthola okuningi yokuntula ukuphila kwabo ndawonye, bese badumazeke ngokuphelele kulo. Kamuva Bunin kwenza iziphetho bona, ukuthi Varvara ezingafanelanga nomunye uhlamvu, futhi ngokushesha abantu abasha nje ushiye. Cishe ngokuphazima kweso Varvara Pascenco ashade nomunye Bunin. Lokhu kwaletha eziningi nakho ukuba umbhali abasha. Yena ujabhile empilweni futhi bathande ngokuphelele.

umsebenzi ethelayo

Ngalesi sikhathi, impilo kanye nomsebenzi we Bunin akuyona efanayo kanjalo. Umlobi enquma umhlatshelo injabulo siqu, wonke umsebenzi kunikezwa. Phakathi nale nkathi, zonke licace kwavela uthando nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu umsebenzi Bunin sika.

Cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubaleka isizungu, wathuthela umfowabo uJulius e Poltava. Ezincwadini kukhona kuyanda. izindaba wakhe kunyatheliswa emaphephabhukwini ehamba phambili, imisebenzi tetemibhalo, ukuthi kuyanda. Izihloko Ukudala Bunin ikakhulu nikela kuze indoda, imfihlakalo umphefumulo Slavic, omangalisayo imvelo Russian kanye nothando olungenabugovu.

Kwake kwathi ngo-1895, Bunin kwaba Petersburg eMoscow, kancane kancane waqala ukungena simondzawo omkhulu wokubhala kuyo kufanelekile organic kakhulu. Lapha ehlangana Bryusov, Sologub, Kuprin, laseChekhov, Balmont, Grigorovich.

Kamuva, u-Ivan iqala ukubhalelana laseChekhov. It laseChekhov Bunin wabikezela ukuthi "umbhali omkhulu" ngeke kuwo. Kamuva, umxhwele wokushumayela zokuziphatha of UTolstoy, Ivan kumenza Thixo yabo ngisho isikhathi esithile ukuzama ukuphila ngokuvumelana nezeluleko zakhe. Bunin ebuzwa UTolstoy izilaleli futhi ahlonishwe ukuhlangana umbhali omkhulu yedwa.

A esigabeni esisha ngendlela yokudala

Ngo-1896 Bunin uzama yena indima ongalichaza zobuciko. Ngawo lowo nyaka wanyathelisa inguqulo yakhe imisebenzi Longfellow sika "Ingoma Hiawatha." Kulesi umsebenzi wokuhumusha Bunin zonke wabona ngakolunye uhlangothi. Abantu ayephila nabo neyaziwayo baziswa amathalente akhe, watusa umsebenzi we umbhali. Ivan Bunin etholakele ukuhunyushwa Pushkin Prize bezinga lokuqala, okuyinto kuye kwavula umbhali, futhi manje umhumushi, nakakhulu uyaziqhenya izimpumelelo zabo. Ngokuba abanjalo ukudumisa Bunin wachitha ngokoqobo titanic umsebenzi. Phela, wahumushela imisebenzi enjalo kudinga ukuphikelela nokubona ithalente, futhi umbhali kwakudingeka enze okungaphezu futhi ukufunda isiNgisi yabo. Ngenxa yalokho lenguqulo yabonisa waphumelela.

A umzamo wesibili ukushada

Ukuhlala isikhathi eside kangaka free, Bunin futhi abanquma ukushada. Lesi sikhathi wakhetha owesifazane ngesiGreki, indodakazi yendoda umKhanani, abacebile abakwamanye amazwe A. N. Tsakni. Kodwa lo mshado, efana eledlule, ubonakala eyajabulisa umbhali. Ngemva konyaka, ekuphileni komkhaya umkakhe kwesokunxele. Emshadweni, bathola indodana. Little kolya wafa esemncane kakhulu, eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-5, kusukela meningitis. Ivan Bunin ukulahlekelwa ecasukile kakhulu ingane yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo. Ngakho kwaba okuphila kwesikhathi esizayo umbhali ukuthi izingane ezingaphezu akafikanga lapho.

iminyaka phakathi

Incwadi yokuqala izindaba short osesikhundleni "Ngo onqenqemeni zomhlaba" eshicilelwe ngo-1897. Cishe zonke a baxgeki baziswa okuqukethwe kwawo omuhle kakhulu. Ngemva konyaka iza kwelinye iqoqo izinkondlo, "Ngaphansi esibhakabhakeni evulekile." Kuyinto misebenzi futhi waletha udumo komlobi izincwadi Russian yesikhathi. emfushane Bunin wokudala, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo capacious, wethulwa emphakathini, okuyinto kuyancomeka futhi wamukele ithalente kombhali.

Kodwa omkhulu ngempela udumo temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba Bunin iwine ngo-1900, lapho indaba "Antonov Apples" yanyatheliswa. Lwenza umsebenzi okusekelwe izinkumbulo komlobi ebuntwaneni yakubo. Ngokokuqala ngqá libonisa ngokucacile isimo emsebenzini Bunin sika. Leso sikhathi ngokunganaki yobuntwana ongenza kuye imizwa futhi kakhulu izinkumbulo wami omkhulu. Inhloko umfundi egxilile ekwindla enhle ekuseni, okuyinto edonsela umbhali, nje ngesikhathi nibutha Antonov Apples. Ukuze Bunin liwukuthi, ngokuhlakulela wavuma siqu, babe izinkumbulo eqolo, futhi ongenakulibaleka. Kwaba mnandi, ukuphila kwangempela nokunganaki. Kodwa ukunyamalala nephunga esiyingqayizivele apula - kunjani ukushabalala konke umbhali ilethe injabulo.

Bemanga Lokudabuka yizicukuthwane

Abaningi ibhekwa ukubaluleka ambiguously allegory "iphunga apula" emsebenzini "Antonov Apples" ngoba lokhu Uhlamvu eduze kakhulu zithandelana uphawu kwamadoda asebukhosini, okuyinto, uma sicabangela umsuka Bunin kwakungelona angaphandle kuye. La maqiniso aye enza yokuthi abaningi ayephila nabo, ezifana Maxim Gorky, kwaba umsebenzi ukugxekwa Bunin sika, zwi enephunga apula ezinhle Antonov, kepha azihogeli nhlobo yeningi. Nokho, Gorky efanayo wathi umusa izincwadi umkhiqizo kanye ithalente Bunin.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi i-Bunin emangalelwa imvelaphi yakhe yizicukuthwane kwakungasho lutho lokho. Wayengumuntu ukuzidla ungumfokazi noma ukuzikhukhumeza. amaningi kakhulu ngesikhathi kubhekwa lingavumelani ngemisebenzi Bunin, ithanda ukuzithetha ukuthi umlobi uyazisola ukunyamalala serfdom kanye ukuhlonipheka yokululama uqobo. Kodwa Bunin emsebenzini wakhe bamsukela nombono ohluke ngokuphelele. Wayengekhona sorry for ushintsho ohlelweni, futhi Kuyinto edabukisayo ukuthi wonke ukuphila sihamba, futhi iqiniso lokuthi sonke walithanda inhliziyo kanye egcwele, kodwa simile esidlule ... Kuyadabukisa ukuthi ayisekho uyawuthanda ubunjalo nasezweni lokuzalwa futhi ubuhle balo.

umbhali nokuzula

Ivan Bunin esaphila kwaba inhliziyo onobuqambi o-creative. Mhlawumbe lokhu kwaba isizathu ukuthi isikhathi eside akalokothi yaqhubeka, wayethanda bathathe uhambo oluya emizini ehlukene, lapho ngokuvamile wahosha imibono imisebenzi yabo.

Kusukela ngo-October 1900 wahamba Kurowski Europe. Waya eJalimane, eSwitzerland, France. Ngemva nje kweminyaka engu-3 kusukela kwadalwa ezinye umngane wami - wemidlalo Naydenov - wabuyela eFrance, wavakashela e-Italy. Ngo-1904, wayithanda le uhlobo eCaucasus, wenza isiqunto sokuya khona. Uhambo akubanga yize. Lolu hambo ngokusebenzisa le minyaka eminingi Bunin ephefumulelwe lonke uchungechunge izindaba "Shadow Birds", okuyizinto ezihlobene eCaucasus. Lezi izindaba emhlabeni nazibona 1907-1911 GG., Futhi ubonakele indaba kakhulu kamuva 1925 'emanzini amaningi', futhi liphefumulelwe imvelo elimangalisayo yalesi sifunda.

Ngalesi sikhathi, iningi ngokucace kuveziwe embikweni okhuthaza uhlobo imisebenzi Bunin. Kwaba esinye isici ithalenta umbhali - ukuhamba Tindzaba.

"Owutholile ngothando lwakho, yigcine ..."

Life of Ivana Bunina eziningi abantu. Ezinye yayiqhutshelwa waphuma ukuphila, zahlala isikhathi eside. Isibonelo salokhu kwaba Vera Nikolaevna Muromtseva. Bunin ngihlangane naye ngelinye ilanga ngo-November 1906, endlini umngane. Intelligent futhi abafundile ezimbonini eziningi, owesifazane lo wayengumGreki ngempela wakhe omkhulu, futhi ngisho nangemva kokufa kwakhe, yayilungiselela ukushicilela wesandla sakhe. Wabhala incwadi ethi "The Life of Bunin", okuyinto ukubeka amaqiniso ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo ezivela empilweni umbhali. Uye ngokuphindaphindiwe wathi kuye: "Ngaphandle kwakho bengingeke Ubhale lutho. Usehambile! "

Lapha, uthando futhi lokusungula empilweni Bunin baphinde bathole nomunye. Mhlawumbe lena isikhashana Bunin, kwafika ukuqaphela ukuthi wathola omunye wafuna iminyaka eminingi. Wathola lo wesifazane ozithandayo wakhe, umuntu ohlale ukumsekela kulo isikhashana esinzima, umngane ongeke akhaphele. Njengoba umngane wakhe wokuphila konke baba Muromtseva, umlobi nge amandla amasha ubufuna ukudala futhi usungula into entsha, ezithakazelisayo, yokusangana, ukuthi wamnika amandla okuphila. Senzeka ngaleso sikhathi-ke uyavuka futhi isihambi, futhi kusukela ngo-1907 Bunin uhambo kwesigamu-Asia nase-Afrika.

ukuqashelwa international

Esikhathini kusuka 1907 kuya 1912 Bunin abayekanga ekudaleni. Futhi yena yanikezelwa yesibili Pushkin Prize ngo-1909 i-yakhe "Tinkondlo 1903-1906". Kube kuziwa umqondo womuntu ngemisebenzi Bunina mina O okushiwo nezenzo zomuntu, lapho umbhali ubezama ukuqonda. Kukhona yayigcwele izinguqulo eziningi, azenzayo engengaphansi brilliant kuka ubhala imisebenzi emisha.

11/09/1933 ka kwenzeka, okuyinto eyaba esivelele umsebenzi kwezincwadi umbhali. Wathola incwadi, ekwazisa ukuthi Bunin waklonyeliswa uMklomelo KaNobel. Ivan Bunin - umbhali wokuqala Russian ngubani waklonyeliswa le ndondo okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi umklomelo. Umsebenzi wakhe yayina kakhulu - kuba edumile emhlabeni wonke. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi yaqala ukuba waqaphela njengoba best of the best emkhakheni wabo. Kodwa Bunin abayekanga nemisebenzi yabo nendlela ukwenza umlobi odumile, uye wasebenza ngomfutho ovuselelwe.

Isihloko imvelo ngemisebenzi Bunin uyaqhubeka ukuba luthathe yezindawo eziyinhloko. Abaningi umlobi ubhala uthando. Lokhu kwaba isizathu baxgeki ukuqhathanisa Kuprin zokudala futhi Bunin. Ngempela, kunezifundo eziningi ezifanayo imisebenzi yabo. Basuke Ubhalwe ngolimi elula ngobuqotho, egcwele lyricism, kalula nangendlela engokwemvelo. Izinhlamvu lelipelwe mncane kakhulu (kusuka iphuzu ngokwengqondo umbono.) Lapha, esilinganisweni ukuzwa, isintu okuningi bafunde nangendlela engokwemvelo.

Qhathanisa Kuprin zokudala futhi Bunin kunikeza isizathu ukukhomba izici ezifana ezivamile imikhiqizo yabo, njengoba ukufa kabuhlungu protagonist, isitatimende ukuthi iyiphi injabulo siyimali ekhokhwayo, nokuphakamisa uthando phezu kwazo zonke ezinye imiphi imizwa yabantu. Bobabili abalobi nge amakghonwabo baphikisa ngokuthi injongo yokuphila othandweni, nokuthi indoda benawo ithalente, uthando, ufanelwe ukukhulekelwa.

isiphetho

ukuphila Umlobi elikhulu kwaphazanyiswa ngoNovemba 8 1953 eParis, lapho yena nomkakhe bathuthela ngemuva kokuqala Red Terror eSoviet Union. Ubizwa wangcwatshwa emathuneni Russian of Sainte-Genevieve-des-Bois.

Bunin lokusungula chaza kafushane akunakwenzeka. Ngazakhela ukuphila kwami kakhulu, futhi umsebenzi wakhe wonke azinake.

Kunzima overestimate umnikelo wakhe hhayi kuphela ezincwadini Russian kodwa izincwadi emhlabeni. Imisebenzi yakhe athandwa esikhathini sethu, kokubili entsheni futhi uphakathi kwesizukulwane amadala. It ngempela izincwadi ayinakho yobudala kanye njalo efanele futhi ethinta inhliziyo. Futhi manje ethandwa Ivan Bunin. Biography kanye umsebenzi umbhali kwenza hlonipho eziningi ezithakazelisayo futhi abaqotho.

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