UmthethoImpilo nokuphepha

Yezinjongo eziyinhloko e-RSE. Enobunye isimo uhlelo lokuvikela ekucwileni ezikweletini izimo eziphuthumayo

UCABANGELA nesidingo semfundo eRussia nakwamanye amazwe ukuthi isuke ibangelwa ukwanda okusheshayo e isondela izinsongo lempi, ukuthuthukiswa nokwenziwa ngcono okuqhubekayo kuzo zonke izinhlobo izikhali.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi sempi siye saba nangemuva impi isikhathi abameli zendawo (art EMERCOM yeRussia) awazange kuphela ukulondolozwa izakhamuzi eziningi ngesikhathi wezikhali kanye nomoya okubhekene isitha, okuvimba iqedwe, izinyathelo baphuthunyiswe yokuziphilisa eyinhloko labantu, defused amagobolondo unexploded namabhomu, usule izakhiwo kanye isakhiwo, kodwa futhi liyobuyiselwa kubo indle namanzi, ugesi imigqa kanye nezokuxhumana, umyalo okuthunyelwe, nokuningi.

isici Legislative mayelana nokuvikelwa bakulelo zwe nezindawo zalo ezimweni eziphuthumayo

Ngokokuqala ngqá ezweni lethu, ngokuvumelana Isinqumo WaseRussia № 261 kusukela 18.04.1992 konyaka: "Ngo-ukusungulwa kohlelo Russian isixwayiso futhi impendulo eziphuthumayo", uhlelo okuhambisanayo yasungulwa for the nokuvinjelwa zonke izinhlobo izimo eziphuthumayo futhi ngesikhathi sempi siye saba futhi sokuthula, ngokumiswa kwabo uma nesenzakalo, kanye ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha egcwele labantu, ukuvikelwa olunzulu imvelo futhi sinciphise umonakalo zomnotho.

Kamuva, izinkambiso lwenhlangano zezomthetho Russian Federation esilawula ukuvikelwa sabantu ezimweni eziphuthumayo, kanye emoyeni, emanzini isikhala ezweni, imvelo kanye nomphakathi izindawo, izindawo zezimboni, abangu kulawulwa zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Ukuvikelwa sabantu nezindawo ezimweni eziphuthumayo yemvelo kanye eyenziwe imvelo »№ 68-FZ, sangomhla 21. 12. 1994

Ukubulawa okwalandela alo mthetho kuholele ukwamukelwa of RF Uhulumeni Isinqumo № 1113 ka 11.05.1995, "On the iyunifomu isimo uhlelo lokuvikela ukuvalwa ngezimo ezisheshayo", okusho avumela iziqondiso maqondana RSE. Okunqumayo okuyinto ukuzixazulula Spares inkinga, izimiso ukwakhiwa kohlelo enobunye, ukubunjwa amafa kanye iphoqa oda nokuxhumana izici eziyinhloko kwesakhiwo. Ngokuvamile, isikhundla nokulawula, Uhlelo usebenza njengomhloli olulodwa.

Amagama angukhiye ku Spares

isimo eziphuthumayo - isimo esithile endaweni ethile eliye lakhula ngenxa izingozi, izinhlekelele, umcimbi onobungozi odabuka yemvelo, izinhlekelele zemvelo noma ezinye, umphumela okwakukhona (kuyoba) umonakalo impilo yabantu noma imvelo, umhlatshelo womuntu, zonke izinhlobo ukwephulwa mayelana nemibandela yokufaneleka zokuphila abantu, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu impahla.

Ukuvimbela eziphuthumayo - isethi olubanzi imisebenzi yangaphambi ezikhona okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa ubungozi nesenzakalo yabo, kulondolozwe impilo yabantu, ukunciphisa umonakalo imvelo, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu impahla.

Ukumiswa nemiphumela ngezimo ezisheshayo - izinhlobo eziphuthumayo imisebenzi wokutakula nemvelo, aphethwe uma eziphuthumayo. Basuke sigxile kulondolozwe impilo yabantu, esindisa ukuphila, ekunciphiseni isiza ekubuyiseleni izinto ezibonakalayo nezinga umonakalo endaweni esizungezile engokwemvelo, kanye kwasendaweni ezindaweni (esishintshashintshayo) eziphuthumayo.

Disaster endaweni - isikhala lapho eziphuthumayo zenzeka, futhi yimuphi kule mongo esilawulwa njalo.

Emigomweni Spares

Okokuqala okwethulwa izinkomba ezintathu:

  • ekuvimbeleni ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa okwalandela eziphuthumayo;
  • ukunciphisa umonakalo obangelwa kubo;
  • iqoqo izinyathelo ezihlose nokuqedwa ngezimo ezisheshayo.

Imisebenzi esemqoka UCABANGELA:

1. ukuthuthukiswa futhi abulawe efanele ye kwezinkambiso kwezomnotho kanye zomthetho ezihlobene ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa egcwele bakulelo zwe nezindawo zalo emiphumeleni yezinhlekelele.

2. Ukwenza umsebenzi we-izinhlelo yesayensi, yobuchwepheshe futhi okubhekiswe ukuthi ukuvimbela izimo eziphuthumayo, eqinisa ukusebenza ezikhungweni, amabhizinisi kanye nezinhlangano (ngaphandle kukhulunywa mafomu lwenhlangano ngokomthetho), izindawo zabo ongaphansi komphakathi, ngezinhloso zokukhiqiza eziphuthumayo.

3. Awesibikezelo kanye nokuhlaziywa ubukhulu kwezenhlalo nezomnotho imiphumela eziphuthumayo.

4. Ukuqinisekisa ukulungela eligcwele lokufeza izenzo ezithile e ukuphathwa eziphuthumayo ejensi, izimali kanye namabutho eyenzelwe isexwayiso yabo okusheshayo nokuqedwa alandelayo imiphumela kubangelwa kubo.

5. International nokubambisana nayo mayelana nokuvikelwa bakulelo zwe nezindawo zalo emiphumeleni yezinhlekelele.

6. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa ezifana izenzo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezifana nokuqoqa, ukusetshenziswa nokusebenza, exchange nokukhululwa okwalandela ulwazi mayelana ukuthi kusetshenziswe kanjani isivikelo labantu ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

7. Ukulungiselela lezakhamuzi izenzo ezithile ngaphakathi kohlaka esiphuthumayo.

8. Yakha zigcine ezidingekayo kwezinsiza ahlukahlukene ukuthi kuzoqinisekisa nokuqedwa nemiphumela ngezimo ezisheshayo.

9. Ukuqhuba isimo kweso, ukulawula kanye ukuhlola ukuvikelwa bakulelo zwe nezindawo zalo emiphumeleni yezinhlekelele.

10. Ukumiswa ngezimo ezisheshayo.

11. Kuphethe iqoqo izinyathelo (imizamo yokusiza umphakathi) mayelana zokuvikeleka komphakathi izakhamuzi abathintwe yinhlekelele.

12. Ukuqaliswa kwamalungelo akhe nezimiselo civil ngaphakathi kohlaka ukuvikelwa sabantu nezindawo zalo emiphumeleni kubangelwa izimo eziphuthumayo.

Izinkinga ixazululwe Spares, izinto eziphambili kuzo zonke izindawo. bacabangela ngokucophelela futhi abulawe ngesikhathi esifanele kuncike izimpilo eziningi, kanye indawo, ukwehluleka okungase engelapheki.

Spares emigomweni kumele njalo zilungiswe ngokuhambisana umuntu-owenziwe kanye eyenziwe isimo esikhona kuleli zwe. isixwayiso eziphuthumayo - isiqondiso eyinhloko isevisi.

Spares: isakhiwo, imisebenzi kanye nemisebenzi

isakhiwo sayo imelelwa subsystems indawo futhi ukusebenza, obonakaliswe amazinga ezinhlanu nge-intanethi, wendawo, indawo, esifundeni sikahulumeni.

subsystems Wendawo akhiwa kuleyo nsimu yezihloko Russian Federation ukuze kuvinjelwe nokuqedwa okwalandela ngezimo ezisheshayo. Zakhiwa amayunithi ezithile sihambisana division zokuphatha lezi zindawo.

Ngokuqondene subsystems obusebenzayo, bakha iziphathimandla federal emikhakheni yawo ayabelwe emnothweni ukuze ahlele imisebenzi ukuze kuvikeleke bakulelo zwe nezindawo zalo emiphumeleni yezinhlekelele.

Ngalinye ezingeni kohlelo has izindikimba ezilandelayo (RSE iyunithi):

  • ukubambisana;
  • ukuphathwa nsuku zonke;
  • Ukuphathwa Civil Defence and Emergency Izimo;

Futhi, lapho kuwo ngamunye kuhlanganisa: izindlela ezidingekayo namabutho, zigcine kwezinsiza ahlukahlukene, zokuxwayisa, zokuxhumana kanye nokwaziswa izinhlelo.

Ukulondeka Ezweni Eziphuthumayo

Isinyathelo sokuqala siwukuba ukuchaza lo mqondo.

Ukuphepha eziphuthumayo - ukudala isibambiso esanele zonke izakhamuzi, izinhlangano kwezomnotho kanye imvelo kusukela zonke izinhlobo izingozi eziphuthumayo. Kuyinto izinhlobo eziningana.

Izinhlobo nokuvikeleka eziphuthumayo

Kuyinto:

  • umlilo;
  • ngemisebe;
  • kwemvelo;
  • zokuzamazama komhlaba;
  • zezimboni;
  • begazi;
  • amakhemikhali.

Ukuphepha eziphuthumayo kungabuye oluthathwa phezu amaphrojekthi:

  • labantu;
  • imvelo;
  • Okuqondiwe kwezomnotho.

Ukuphumelelisa lolu hlobo zokuphepha Kwenziwa esebenzisa zokuvimbela, ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi izinhlekelele.

Umlando Nkonzo Russian Izimo eziphuthumayo

It kuhlobene eduze umlando Civil Defense (04.10.2010 - engu-78). Inkathi lasungulwa ubhekwa 10.4.1932, lapho elase-USSR oPhethe Yabantu Commissars bamukela "Regulation bevikela emoyeni yase-USSR", okuyinto izinyathelo aqalwa ezikhonjwe futhi izindlela eziqondile mayelana ukuvikelwa ngaleso sikhathi zonke izakhamuzi zezwe nezindawo zalo. Lena esigabeni sokuqala ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo isimo kulo mkhakha (usuku lokuzalwa Local Air Defence). Ngo-1961 kwanqunywa ukuba ukuguqula MoEHE e GO.

Spares (imisebenzi kanye nemisebenzi lapho sicabanga) - kuwumphumela kubukezwe ukubukwa ubudala mayelana nokuvikelwa bakulelo zwe nezindawo zalo kuzo zonke izinhlobo izitha (kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa bezikhali izikhali zembubhiso).

Disemba 27, 1990 kwaphawulwa kwemukelwa RSFSR Council of Ministers Ukulungiswa № 606 "Ngo ukwakheka amabutho Russian labatakuli ku Samalungelo RSFSR iKomiti Yombuso." Lolu suku - usuku lapho uMnyango Izimo eziphuthumayo Russia yasungulwa (kamuva - Usuku umkhululi Russian Federation).

Januwari 10, 1994 Russian EMERCOM uguqulwe ube yesimanje Russian Ministry for Civil Defense, Eziphuthumayo kanye Ukuqedwa Imiphumela Izinhlekelele Zemvelo, okuyinto waqokwa uNgqongqoshe Sergei Shoigu.

Futhi December 9, 1992 owayedlalela abaphezulu izifundo ukuzivikela civil emaphakathi abangu siguqulelwa Academy samanje EMERCOM eRussia Civil Protection (isikhungo ebumbeneko ongenawo analogue emhlabeni).

Ngakho, singasho ukuthi kwakheka izinselele zamanje nezesikhathi Spares isakhiwo angasuselwa nesikhathi MoEHE.

Imali kanye umzamo Spares

Yezinjongo eziyinhloko RSE, okuye engenhla, zibandakanya isigatshana mayelana ekuqinisekiseni ukulungela okugcwele nokuqalisa uchungechunge zenzo ukuphathwa eziphuthumayo ejensi, izimali kanye umzamo eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuvalwa zabo tekusebenta futhi okwalandela imiphumela kubangelwa kubo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama izindlela ngenhla namabutho:

1. Ukuqaphelwa kanye nokuqapha:

  • abaqondisi (i boilers isimo, ngamandla enuzi, amapayipi kagesi kanye negesi, amabhuloho, njll ...);
  • NeKwakha Inspection Service yase (Ministry of Environment);
  • izikhungo kanye nabahlinzeki ejensi ukuthi kuqashwe impilo izinto ezingaba ingozi, kungenzeka imvelo;
  • Izikhungo Veterinary;
  • ukubhekwa nokulawula laboratory inethiwekhi (SNLK);
  • izinga ukudla nokwenganyelwa kwigumbi lokwenza ucwaningo, indaba ukudla;
  • inkonzo isixwayiso ngezinhlekelele zemvelo.

2. Ukuqedwa izimo eziphuthumayo:

    • Ministry of eziphuthumayo, amaphoyisa kanye MO nge (amayunithi abo, izingxenye, kanye nokuxhumana);
    • zokwakheka okungezona ezempi zokuzivikela civil;
    • izindlela namabutho okuqondene neminye iminyango kanye zezinkonzo, iziphathimandla zikahulumeni (endaweni we Russian Federation).

Ukuphrofayela imisebenzi uhlelo

Siyaqhubeka ukubuka Spares. Isakhiwo, imisebenzi kanye umsebenzi yalo iyona ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni nat. Ezokuphepha we Russian Federation.

imigqa Ibhizinisi layo ezinkulu yilezi:

1. iziphakamiso Development mayelana inchubomgomo yembuso ephathelene nokuvikelwa bakulelo zwe nezindawo zalo ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ukuqaliswa kwabo ngesikhathi esifanele. Lokhu umsebenzi uyabulawa izilawuli kanye amabutho kanye izindlela zaleli zwe (ngaphambili, le nkinga yaxazululeka yibo piecemeal).

2. Ukuphathwa zezikhathi ukusebenza kohlelo. I ebusayo abameli Russian Eziphuthumayo Ministry, iqondisa umsebenzi zikahulumeni kanye nokuzibusa wendawo ngaphakathi kohlaka inkinga. Ukuze ngcono emisebenzini efana nale, uhulumeni waseRussia umise collegial ukuphathwa umzimba - Commission Inter-Inkonzo zokuvikela kanye nokuqedwa Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, elibhekene nomse- cross-cutting isiqondiso kule ndawo. izinqumo zayo iyawabopha federal emizimbeni kwamandla esiphezulu izifundo RF. I timphawu tesakhiwo e-RSE, lo msebenzi wenziwa Civil Defense iziphathimandla kanye Commission on Izimo eziphuthumayo.

3. control eziklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kahle nezenzo ezifanele zomthetho, imithetho ehlukene, iziqondiso kanye namazinga e-sphere of isivikelo eziphuthumayo esiphezulu sikahulumeni emizimbeni, imizimba yayo yezihloko RF, izinhlangano ezahlukahlukene kanye nohulumeni basekhaya. Ezingeni federal, lo msebenzi wenziwa yi-Izimo eziphuthumayo Senkonzo.

4. Production umsebenzi, okuyinto lokufeza izinyathelo okuhloswe ngaso nokuvimbela Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ekunciphiseni ubungako bawo, ukunciphisa umonakalo nokulahlekelwa imiphumela yabo kanye nemisebenzi eziphuthumayo wokutakula isiqondiso ukuqeda lolu hlobo imiphumela.

5. Zonke izinhlobo nokugcinwa umsebenzi kubhekwe uhlelo olulodwa (yokudla, zezimali, njll). Izinhlelo zokuqala ezidingekayo ukuze kuqedwe imiphumela eziphuthumayo izinto ezibonakalayo zihlanganisa ukudla izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukudla, ubunjiniyela, izingubo kanye impahla yezokwelapha, izindlela zokuxhumana kanye indlela yokuthutha, nemithi, nophethiloli, izinto zokwakha, amakhemikhali ngabanye kanye nokuvikelwa kwemisebe, njll ...

6. nokubambisana International. Lubonakaliswa ukuvulekela Spares Russian okubhekiswe ukuhlanganiswa ohlelweni emhlabeni abasafufusa lokuvikela ekucwileni ezikweletini eziphuthumayo ilandelwe. Cooperation luyasetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa izivumelwano namanye amathuluzi ngamazwe, ukuthuthukiswa kohlaka ngokuhlanganyela zomthetho mayelana nezindaba-thakazelo kukho nobabili noma emaqenjini, kanye nemisebenzi ku zezinhlangano zamazwe omhlaba jikelele ezikhethekile nezinhlangano.

EMERCOM Russia: Izinjongo nemisebenzi

UCABANGELA imisebenzi esemqoka kuleli kheli le-Ministry, angaqoqwa ezindaweni ezimbili:

  1. balandela Kutfutfukiswa iziphakamiso izinkambiso zomphakathi ngaphakathi DPP, kanye nokuvimbela nokuqeda eziphuthumayo.
  2. Elengamele kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo (RSE) eziphuthumayo hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sempi siye saba kodwa futhi nenkathi yokuthula.

Ngeke engadingekile waphinda ukugcizelela ukuthi izinhloso eziyisisekelo futhi isakhiwo Spares washo ngokucacile emthethweni federal kushiwo ngaphambili mayelana nokuvikelwa izakhamuzi zaseRussia nezindawo zalo emiphumeleni yezinhlekelele.

Isimiso sendalo kohlelo, kucatshangelwa isimo samanje ezweni

Okokuqala, it is Yiqiniso, kumele zithobele indlela olunzulu e inqubo kumiswa uhlelo (ezimali ye yabantu futhi zemvelo imvelaphi inhlekelele, izigaba zawo zentuthuko kanye nemiphumela, zokumelana kubo futhi inani elidingekayo iqhaza).

Okwesibili, ukuqashelwa, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, "non-zero ingozi" (yokuthi ukholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba asiqede lesi izingozi lwenhlekelele kohlaka izinsongo ahlukahlukene engaba).

Okwesithathu, isekela ku nesimiso esiyisisekelo zokuvimbela mayelana nokuphepha (isixwayiso) (esiphezulu kungenzeka ukuncipha okungenzeka kwenhlekelele nokuthola izinyathelo ehlelekile zokuvimbela).

Zindlela operation kubhekwa uhlelo olulodwa

Kuye isimo samanje kukhona izindlela ezintathu:

1. Iqhubeka imisebenzi (inqobo nje uma bonke ohulumeni amandla Spares ekhona isebenze ngejubane evamile):

  • Ukutadisha isimo samanje imvelo futhi isibikezelo olunzulu inhlekelele;
  • ukuhlela, inhlangano kanye nokugcinwa izenzo eziyinkimbinkimbi UCABANGELA amabutho kanye neziphathimandla uma kwenzeka esiphuthumayo;
  • iqoqo, ukucubungula exchange okwalandela kolwazi mayelana nokuvikelwa bakulelo zwe nezindawo zalo ezimweni eziphuthumayo, ukuqinisekisa ephelele ukuphepha umlilo;
  • ukukhuthazwa ulwazi mayelana nokuvikelwa Isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke futhi insimu yalo uma kwenzeka izimo eziphuthumayo;
  • inhlangano ekwakhekeni, ukubekwa, isitoreji, ngesikhathi esifanele ubuyise izinqolobane ekhona adingekayo ukuqedwa nemiphumela okubangelwa izinhlekele zemvelo.

2. ukulungela Ukwandiswa (usongo samanje inhlekelele)

  • kokuqina ukulawula ushintsho esimweni kwemvelo, ukubikezela ukuqala futhi kube sezingeni ukulimala kule nhlekelele;
  • lechubekako ka yokuqoqa, ukucubungula ukudluliswa amabutho Spares futhi ilawula ulwazi mayelana inhlekelele abikezela, ukwazisa izakhamuzi mayelana nezindlela nezindlela yokuvikela kulezi zimo;
  • Ukuphendula (ekuvimbeleni okuvela nokuthuthukiswa eziphuthumayo);
  • Buyekeza izinhlelo kanye neminye imibhalo maqondana zokuvimbela nokuqeda imiphumela kubangelwa izimo eziphuthumayo;
  • enifeza (uma ubona kufanele) ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi izinyathelo.

3. Esiphuthumayo (inhlekelele okuhlaselayo nokuqedwa emisebenzini yalo):

  • ukuqapha okuqhubekayo we isimo samanje imvelo, ukuqaliswa ekubikezeleni degree of usongo;
  • izakhamuzi Isaziso kanye nabaholi sokwenzeka eziphuthumayo;
  • iqoqo okuqhubekayo, ukucutshungulwa (ukuhlaziya) kanye exchange of idatha mayelana isimo linqoba endaweni eziphuthumayo, nezindlela ukuqeda imiphumela yayo;
  • a eyinkimbinkimbi izinyathelo zokuzivikela mayelana sebebonke yezwe nezindawo zalo ezimweni eziphuthumayo;
  • inhlangano nokuqhubeka nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke ukuphoqelelwa iziphathimandla etholakalayo maqondana nezinyathelo ezithile ukuqeda imiphumela eziphuthumayo;
  • amalungiselelo adingekayo mayelana yokuziphilisa egcwele ngaphakathi eziphuthumayo ekhona.

Ukwahlukanisa eziphuthumayo esekelwe yokudlanga nokugasela ngamandla nemiphumela yabo

Banquma ukwaba:

  • isinyathelo wendawo ezimweni eziphuthumayo (nomthelela izici abhubhisayo futhi kwemizi ES uhlala ngaphakathi isayithi yokukhiqiza, okungaba ngokushesha iqedwe izindlela siqu futhi amandla);
  • zendawo (umthelela izici elimazayo futhi kwemizi eziphuthumayo iqhubeka phakathi emzaneni);
  • indawo (nomthelela izici abhubhisayo futhi kwemizi ES luphakathi a subject ethize: endaweni Republic Edge kumiswa ezizimele);
  • lesifunda (umthelela izici elimazayo futhi eziphuthumayo kwemizi ihlanganisa izihloko eziningana WaseRussia);
  • Federal (nomthelela izici abhubhisayo futhi kwemizi ES nesembozo ezine noma RF izifundo ezingaphezu);
  • global (umthelela izici elimazayo futhi kwemizi eziphuthumayo kudlulela ngale uhulumeni nje).

Ngakho, kufinyeta ngenhla, bekungeke kube kahle waphinda ngigcizelele ukuthi eziklanywe kahle eziyisisekelo imisebenzi Spares nabanekhono akwazi ukukusebenzisa kusengaphambili ukuvimbela imiphumela emibi ezimweni ezehlukene eziphuthumayo, kanye, uma kudingekile, ngokushesha ukuqeda imiphumela yabo.

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