IbhizinisiUbuholi

Yokusungula management system in the ibhizinisi

Inventory ukuphathwa kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubomgomo ekhona ibhizinisi izimpahla zamanje ukuphathwa. Umgomo oyinhloko - ukuqinisekisa ukuqhubeka izinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nomkhiqizo yokuthengisa ngenkathi ukunciphisa izindleko Imininingwane loya izinqolobane inkonzo. Futhi lokhu kwathinta ukwenziwa ezishintshayo. Kusisiza yokusungula management system in the ibhizinisi.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ukuze amasheya azihlanganisi nje kuphela izinto futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa ukuthi ayadingeka ukuze inqubo ukukhiqizwa, kodwa futhi imikhiqizo ayikulungele nezimpahla ezingase zithathwe. Kubalulekile ukulawula ivolumu yabo. Umshwalense amasheya kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngoba yokwanda kwesizini umthengi nezidingo ukuphazamiseka engakaze kukhanselwe. Futhi konke lokhu, ingase ibe nomthelela ongemuhle yi zezimali yomsebenzi. Yiqiniso, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lokhu akunakubangelwa zigcine, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi - zinikeza ukuzinza kanye zezimali inkampani. Nokho, uma kuzoba khona kusilela, kuzoyeka ukukhiqizwa futhi yokuthengisa amavolumu ziyokuwa, kodwa kungase kube isimo kuyodingeka ukuthenga kwinqwaba izinto noma izimpahla ngesikhathi intengo eqolo. Ngenxa yalokho - inkampani ngeke uthole inzuzo ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi, ngenxa yokuthi zigcine bayimpahla ketshezi, ukunciphisa yabo uzoholela ekutheni Ukuwohloka isimo samanje zokulawula lenkampani. Kodwa lapha kubalulekile ukuba banamathele kusho segolide. Ngokwesibonelo, izinqolobane ngokweqile kungaholela ukuthi izindleko ukwanda isitoreji, kuyodingeka bakhokhe intela. Ungamukela futhi kancane izimali engaba ngenxa yokuthi imithombo yezimali uzobe iqandiswe izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akufanele sivumele ukuba kudlule uye ukunakwa ukuthi angaphansi lokuphelelwa yisikhathi futhi yokuwohloka ngokomzimba.

izindlela

Ekhuluma yokusungula, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngaphambi kwengxenye ukulawula ungumuntu izinhlelo ezintathu umsebenzi kwi ukwakheka izinqolobane. Ziyahlukahluka amazinga ehlukene nenzuzo kanye ingozi:

  1. indlela olandelanayo. Kuleyo ncwadi ukugcizelela akuyona kuphela ukuhlangabezana zonke izidingo ezikhona ngoba izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo lulwimi siphelile. Futhi inikeza for kudalwe inothile uma supply ukuphazamiseka, Ukuwohloka kwezimo lapho imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa, kukhona ukubambezeleka ukuqoqwa Receivables, oyenza isidingo abathengi. Asebentisa lendlela, nomthelela ongemuhle izinga inzuzo futhi omuhle - izingozi kunokwenzeka.
  2. indlela Lokulingene. Linikeza ukuze kwakhiwe izinqolobane amaphutha ezivame kakhulu ukuthi kungenzeka ngenkathi eqhuba ibhizinisi. Izibalo kuleli cala zisekelwe idatha kusuka eminyakeni eyedlule. Kulokhu, lanikeza ezingeni isilinganiso nenzuzo kanye ingozi.
  3. Indlela enamandla. Kulokhu, lanikeza ubuncani amasheya (yize bengase babe lalingekho nhlobo). Uma, ngesikhathi ukuqaliswa inqubo nokusebenza ngeke ibe ukwehluleka, inkampani uzothola imiphumela engcono kakhulu ukusebenza kahle. Kodwa lapho kuphakama izinkinga, inkampani ephethe ukulahlekelwa ngemali okukhulu. Ngakho, ungathola inzuzo kakhulu, kodwa kukhona kunengozi enkulu ebangela ukulahlekelwa.

Model Management: izici

Zonke elaliphambi - ukuqeqeshwa theory. Manje sinesizathu ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo yokusungula management ukuze ibhizinisi ezocatshangelwa. Ngenxa yalesi, kumelwe sicabangele izici eziningana:

  1. Imibandela uthenge ngaphansi yokudayisa amasheya (ivolumu ukunikezela, imvamisa oda, izinzuzo kanye izaphulelo).
  2. Izici yokuthengisa imikhiqizo eseqedile (isimo ngokufunwa, nokwethenjelwa nomthengisi inethiwekhi ukuthuthukiswa, izinguquko ezingeni yokuthengisa).
  3. umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama Isici inqubo ukukhiqizwa (ikakhulukazi ukudalwa ubuchwepheshe, isikhathi ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokwesekwa ngqo ukukhiqiza).
  4. Izindleko eziba khona phakathi nenkathi isitoreji isitokwe (okokuqandisa izimali, kungenzeka umonakalo, isitoreji izindleko).

yokusungula uhlelo lokulawula ngesikhathi esimileni, singasetshenziswa kwakhiwa izindlela eziningana instantiated. Ngamunye wabo inezici ayo ethize.

imodeli Wilson

Ezisetshenzisiwe for yokusungula ukuphathwa ohlelweni lokuthengwa kwempahla ibilokhu eliphezulu kuya esiphezulu. Ingasetshenziselwa ukuphendula imibuzo elandelayo: Yiziphi esitokisini kumele kube; kangakanani futhi izinto zokusetshenziswa kwakudingeka iyunithi isikhathi ngasinye; usayizi elilungile supply. Ngaphezu kwalezi kanye nezinye izinhlinzeko kubhekwe ukuba ixazululwe. Ngokusho imodeli Wilson kungaba amathuluzi zezibalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkampani unesithakazelo yokuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo kungenziwa yayala njengoba inqwaba. Esimweni esinjalo ngeke kuncishiswe imali ku zohambo, ukubhaliswa nokunye. Lokhu kuzokwenza kungithinte inzuzo yebhizinisi. futhi ikuvumela ukuba ukhethe okungenani eyamukelekayo ezingeni ejwayelekile reserves, okuzokwenza ayigweme kunciphise nezindleko ezisebusweni isitoreji of izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo lulwimi siphelile. Kuyini kwemigomo ebekiwe uhlelo lokulawula kulesi simo? Ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele mthandazo oyisibonelo, odinga ukukwazi:

  1. Lokho-ke ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngenxa yesizathu esisodwa uhlobo izimpahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani layo kufanele njalo kulinganiswa.
  2. Izinga isidingo umkhiqizo othize, okuyinto njalo ngesikhathi.
  3. Ukukhiqizwa Kwenziwa ngamaqoqo ahlukene.
  4. Ama-oda ukuza ukulethwa elehlukile, luhambisana nomthwalo izindleko ezengeziwe.
  5. yokusungula izindleko zenzeka njalo.
  6. Ukuthumela oda Izindleko njalo (noma ufuna ukubonisa Inani eliyisilinganiso). Futhi kulokhu kusho ukuthuthwa, yokusebenza nezinye izindleko.
  7. Ezimweni ngokulethwa kwama ezengeziwe kwezimpahla kanye izaphulelo awacatshangwa ephezulu oda ivolumu.

Lokho isetshenziswa umkhuba?

Yiziphi ezinkulu yokusungula ukuphathwa izinhlelo asetshenziswa? Yiziphi izici? Ake sibheke isibonelo. Futhi njengoba into yokuhlola bazocula ukulawula ABC ezitolo. Kusekelwe ukuhlaziya ivolumu-izindleko, ohlukanisa zonke izinhlobo amasheya amaqembu athile kuye ngobukhulu futhi ukugcwaliseka inzuzo. Ezimweni eziningi, ungase uthole ukuthi 70-80% wakho konke okuthengiswayo awe 10-20% we izimpahla. Lona Pareto Isimiso esenzweni. Ezimweni ezinjalo, uhlelo yokusungula ukuphathwa inikeza ukugxila imikhiqizo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi izimpahla, nangempumelelo uwaphathe, hhayi ukuchitha imali eyengeziwe ku ezindaweni ezingabalulekile kakhulu. Ngaphakathi uhlelo kakhulu kukhona izindleko, ivolumu kanye nokuvama ukusetshenziswa, imiphumela yokuntuleka izinto ezithile eluhlaza kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. Ukuhlukana wenziwa izigaba ezahlukene. Ake sixoxe ngazo.

Ukwahlukanisa izigaba ABC uhlelo

Sekukonke, zikhona ezintathu:

  1. Isigaba A. Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlobo eqolo amasheya abe Umjikelezo wokusebenza isikhathi eside. Zidinga zokuqapha njalo, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-ukuntula ziyoba nemiphumela ezinkulu zezimali. Ukuze ubone ukuthi lapho elikhulu kufanele sigcwaliswe of ukungeniswa zabo, ungasebenzisi model of Wilson kuchaziwe ngenhla. Specific impahla engokoqobo, ngokuvamile itholakala eziningi limited kakhulu futhi zidinga zokuqapha masonto onke.
  2. Isigaba B. Lokhu kuhlanganisa impahla engokoqobo ekuqinisekiseni ngokuqhubeka inqubo nokusebenza kanye kumiswa umphumela wokugcina wezimali. Njengomthetho, amasheya ala maqembu ukulawula isikhathi 1 kuphela ngenyanga.
  3. Isigaba C. elawula uhlelo yokusungula ABC Lokhu kuhlanganisa zonke izinto yokusungula kukhona eshibhile futhi okuyinto musa ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni umphumela wokugcina wezimali. Umthamo ukuthenga kulokhu ukuba mikhulu. Control isitokwe ukunyakaza Kwenziwa, njengoba umthetho, hhayi izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa ikota ngalinye.

Valuation inventories

Ekusebenteni, izindlela ezilandelayo ingasetshenziswa le njongo:

  1. LIFO. Kulokhu, it esehlelembe umphumela kwamandla emali, lapho kumiswa inzuzo. Le ndlela kufanelekile uma kwenzeka ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba ukuhlolwa Inhloso yi. Okuhle Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ikuvumela ukuba sinciphise ubukhulu ukubaluleka intela impahla.
  2. FIFO. A nomphumela omuhle zezimali, kunciphise nezindleko kanye inyuka inzuzo.

Kufinyeta

Kuyini uhlelo yokusungula ukuphathwa? Lona isethi ephelele izinyathelo, okuyinto zenzelwe ukwakha nigcwalise amasheya, kanye nekusungula nokuqapha okuqhubekayo futhi ukuhlela nokusebenza ye ukudiliva. A indima enkulu udlalwa by impendulo, kodwa kunalokho indlela lolu luyasetshenziswa. Kuba nemiphumela emihle kakhulu - lena lapho abameleli control unit kungaba ngokushesha ukuthola yonke idatha ezidingekayo ukuze wenze izinqumo futhi eyisebenzisa. Ngenxa yalesi izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezishintshayo. Ukuchaza kudivayisi ingasebenza nge imodeli ezintathu-uqimba.

ukuqaliswa

Ezingeni lokuqala, kwakheka ulwazi mayelana impahla isitokwe yokusungula ukuphathwa Uhlelo ngezinhlelo isitoreji zemininingwane. Siyabonga kubo, ungathola yonke imininingwane kwi ukunyakaza of izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nemikhiqizo lulwimi siphelile, kanye ulwazi ukulayisha noma sisahlela okuthile. Kumiswa ezingeni kohlelo wesibili ezahlukene izindlela zokuphatha yokusungula. Basebenzisa wonke kunesidingo ithuluzi zezibalo elikuvumela ukuba uhlole isimo samanje Amasheya Nama ukuthuthukisa izincomo ukuphathwa ngempumelelo. Izinga lesithathu isetshenziswa ukuphathwa imodeli zezimali, kanye ukulinganiselwa owawusekelwe ifomu software ezikuvumela ukuqapha isimo sezimali esitokisini. Kulokhu, kulinganiselwa cost-ukusebenza kwezinqumo, ukuchaza imithombo ukuthengwa izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu imodeli bekulokhu jikelele ukuphathwa isu yokusungula zezimali. Ukutholakala software ukuqaliswa kanye ezishintshayo ungakwazi ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo leveli yokuphelela futhi ekugcineni ugcine isimo abasebenzi kwezomnotho.

Ukuthuthukiswa

Ngezenzo uphakamisa lo mbuzo: yini engenziwa ukwenza ngcono yokusungula management system? Okokuqala sidinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi olufanele luyatholakala nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Lokhu usizo olungenakuqhathaniswa ungase ube efwini. Bayoba unikeze idatha ukusuka kunoma yiliphi iphuzu wephasi - nje ube ku-intanethi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yokusungula ukuphathwa izinhlelo eziphambili kakhulu babe algorithm ukubala izindleko of izinto zokusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, anganikeza izibikezelo eliphezulu kanye nezincomo, lapho kudingeka ubuyise amasheya. Kulokhu, indima umuntu kuphela ukuhlela kokulandela ukuhlinzwa evamile kohlelo.

ukudala ASU

Ake sithi, kudala indawo elawula uhlelo ngokuzenzakalela. Kulokhu, algorithm kuyoba ezibaluleke abalulekile lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

  1. Ukukhiqizwa umthamo.
  2. Usayizi edingekayo zigcine ngokuba ukusebenza evamile yebhizinisi.
  3. Umthamo imikhiqizo eyenziwe izikhathi esithile (lawa ngosuku, isonto, inyanga). Kwezinye izimo, kungase ngisho kubhekwe njengophawu ngonyaka isizinda.
  4. Inventory ezingeni ngesikhathi umjovo uhlelo ukusebenza.
  5. Imvamisa ukudiliva.

MRP

Lokhu kubuye ukulawula yokusungula uhlelo. Sibheka ke esikhundleni ABC esishiwo ngaphambili. Kukhona ukucupha ezimbili: MRP-1 kanye MRP-2. Eyokuqala icutshungulwe futhi ubuyekeze ulwazi mayelana parish, ukunyakaza kanye yokusungula ukugeleza. Kuhlanganisa replenishment isu nokulawula ngesikhundla ngasinye. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga control, kukhona ifayela oda ekhethekile, equkethe lonke ulwazi. MRP-2 ububanzi kahle ebanzi nemisebenzi eyenziwa. Ngo ifake ukuhlela ezimbonini kanye zezimali, kanye Logistics imisebenzi. Ukuhlaziywa kohlelo yokusungula ukuphathwa ikuvumela ukuba bazi lapho, yini futhi kungakanani ukudla.

isiphetho

ukulawula yokusungula uhlelo kuyadingeka kuzo zonke ibhizinisi ukuthi ihlela isikhathi eside ukuze ziphumelele. Phela, ikuvumela ukulawula umsebenzi nigcwalise izinqolobane. A indima ebalulekile njengoba isici isakhi play ezishintshayo. Kuphephile ukusho ukuthi bayokhululwa 'kancane kancane ngcono, futhi esikhathini esizayo sizokwazi ukubona isakhiwo ibhizinisi njengoba uhlelo oluzimele, okuyinto kuphela kufanele usethe. Ukuze bafeze imisebenzi angakwazi ngumnikazi.

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