Abaxhumanisi - Ubani lowo? Nabadayisi. abaxhumanisi zezimali

Igama elithi "umlamuli" Uvele emuva zabahlali abavamile esikhundleni muva - ngisho nasezikhathini iseduze Soviet, abantu lolu hlobo msebenzi cishe lingekho. Kuyaqondakala - emnothweni Kwakuhlelwe, futhi akekho onendaba ukusebenza sales. Nokho, namuhla siphila ne-capitalism ne abaxhumanisi commercial ngenxa yezizathu eziningana ukudlala indima cishe esitimela komnotho.

Bangobani nokwehluka zabo

Kukhona Izincazelo eziningana "umxhumanisi" kwethemu. Eyokuqala siphathelene izinqubo ezihlobene kujikeleta kwetimphahla kanye nokuhlinzekwa kwemisebenzi. Ezimweni eziningi, phakathi nomkhiqizi umkhiqizo noma value-added wesevisi futhi umsebenzisi sokuphela ungqimba abanye abadlali. Bangabaholi abaxhumanisi. Incazelo yesibili kwegama elithi - iyindoda ukuze bayosiza ekumiseni izixhumanisi phakathi izinhlangano ezahlukene zamabhizinisi (Hhayi umkhiqizi kanye umthengi), counterparties. Noma kunjalo, abaxhumanisi kuzo zonke izinhlobo bahlanganiswe impahla eyodwa - bona ngasizathu simbe it is ukuthi ngesinye isikhathi kukhona nomkhiqizi izimpahla, futhi lo omunye (noma kufanele kube) eyaziwa umthengi, bemagange ukuthenga lo mkhiqizo.

Ngakho, ngezinye izikhathi enza "Umqhubi" izimpahla phakathi efektri futhi umthengi. Abaxhumanisi - abantu abangakwazi ukwenza hhayi kuphela ngidayisa imisebenzi, kodwa futhi ezinye, isibonelo, ukunikeza amakhasimende namasevisi ezengeziwe, lizinga lapho ngesizathu esisodwa noma kwenye ayitholakali umenzi. Elementary - ukuhlangabezana umthengi futhi ngenhlonipho ukuxhumana naye, bamchazela izinzuzo umkhiqizo. Balamuli emakethe, kwezamabhizinisi - awusebenzi befisa: they yodwa ugcwalise imisebenzi niche yabo (yokuthengisa and service) phakathi umkhiqizi kanye lomthengi izimpahla. Ukusebenza nabo kuyazuzisa ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala - umuntu usebenzela iphesenti futhi unesithakazelo ukuthengisa ngangokunokwenzeka.

Abameleli beNdikimba umsebenzi kwezohwebo

Kukhona wodwana - nabadayisi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi cishe lonke uhla amasevisi zabantu sephrofayela ezifana kunjalo igxile kokuthengisayo. A umbandela ukhiye ukuchaza isiqondiso umsebenzi wabo - kuyinto ukutholakala umkhiqizo noma isevisi nge-efakwe (wanezela) Inani. Lawa balamuli zihluke, bathi, wabathengi zezimali abasebenza nge "virtual" lwemali ku amanani noma izinto zokusetshenziswa, ezakhiwe exchange. Umsebenzi oyinhloko, okuyinto eyenziwa nabadayisi, - ukuxhumana phakathi womkhiqizo kanye umthengi.

Laba bantu uthole ngezindlela ezimbili - ngokuthenga izimpahla ngobuningi, okuyinto ushibhile, bese retailing, okuyinto ezibizayo okuningi noma ethola ikhomishini ukuqaliswa umkhiqizo. Yini engase ibe izibonelo zezinhlobo ezithile ubuchwepheshe ezihlobene ukusatshalaliswa commercial? Okokuqala, wabathengi (yokuthengisa kwezimpahla namasevisi kusungulwe ikhomishana ngokuvamile kuhlinzekelwe kusengaphambili). Lesi sigaba kwabalamuli kukhona realtors, izimali benzelwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uthengisa efulethini - ukwakha isakhiwo esisha, noma "yesibili". Abaxhumanisi ingcebo - abamele omunye imisebenzi ezivame kakhulu ezimakethe zomnotho. Okwesibili, kuya nabadayisi kukhona abasabalalisi (ukuthengiswa kwempahla kusukela wabenza inkampani uhola intengo umehluko). Okwesithathu, it is ukuhamba salesmen (nabathengisi jikelele ezikhangisa futhi ukuthengisa izimpahla ukuze uthole ngenxa ezihlukahlukene izikimu, njengoba umthetho, njalo bengonozulane). Okwesine, kuba wabenza (ngokuvamile lithengise uthenge ngentengo ehlisiwe ngokuqondile distributor noma umkhiqizi e izimpahla).

ezezimali abaxhumanisi

Uma ukuqhuba eminye imisebenzi kanye nemali, kodwa ukuthenga kubo kweminye imikhiqizo, sasingekho isidingo esikhethekile - lwemali zase zihleliwe (ngokuvamile kuhlobene nenani egolide) intengo. Manje imali ageleza - lonke ensimini ukucabangela. Lawa abaxhumanisi zezimali. I ezimatasa kakhulu ngomsebenzi wayo emkhakheni utshalomali. Umsebenzi ewusizo kakhulu kwabalamuli zezimali lapha - Ukuhlolela ubungozi tekusisa phrojekthi. ngaleyo ndlela Zimali uphathisa anawo izimali zawo esizayo dolobha iphrojekthi ngokuqondile, kodwa umuntu othile okwaziyo ukuthi sihlaziye ukuthi inzuzo kuyoba iphrojekthi, ayini amathemba alo, zezimali ikakhulukazi. Balamuli sifeze indima mayelana nale ndaba, okwenza isinqumo mayelana nokuthi imali iyitshalwa.

Indlela elula ukuyiqonda le wesifunda ebhekisela izikhungo ezithile. Okokuqala, kungenxa trustee: bathola imali kwamakhasimende, unquma kanjani ngokunenzuzo ukutshala ke esitokisini, izimpahla noma mhlawumbe ukunikeza umuntu loan. Okwesibili, izinyunyana credit - kokuba izimali afakwe njengabantu, abazama ngokunenzuzo bachithe kubo. Okwesithathu, kungase kwenziwe isibaluli abaxhumanisi zezimali namabhange kanye (esimweni imali). Okwesine, kuba izinkampani zomshuwalense anezithunywa imali amakhasimende uwasebenzise izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ukonga. Okwesihlanu, kuba imali yempesheni, okuyinto enze izakhamuzi indlela ukukhipha inkontileka, ku wenkokhelo imali eningi uma umuntu uqeda umsebenzi wakhe. Bobani abaxhumanisi zezimali? Lezi zinhlangano ukuthi ngokukhethekile ukusebenza nokuphuma kwemali ukuthi lungeza ngezindlela eziningi ezihlukahlukene, kodwa okuqukethwe uhlala cishe okufanayo kuzo zonke izimo.

Abaxhumanisi-aspect ukumaketha

Market - into multi-level. Umenzi, ukuze adayise umkhiqizo wakho, kufanele, okokuqala, ukuze yazi amakhasimende iqiniso ikhishwe, futhi okwesibili, ukuletha izimpahla kumthengi sokugcina. Uma ekhaya akuyona into engenakwenzeka ukwenza, ungathola usizo ukumaketha abaxhumanisi. Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningana izifundo imisebenzi efana. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwesekwa lokhu yenkampani logistic kwezimpahla, amafemu onguchwepheshe isitoreji ukudla emafektri ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha imikhiqizo. Ngokuvamile basuke ifinyelelwe abakhiqizi abangenayo izinsiza zangaphakathi imisebenzi nengqalasizinda ebalulwe noma izimali entula le njongo.

Esinye isigaba ukumaketha abaxhumanisi - ababolekisi (noma zimali) ngubani ukwazi ukunikeza ibhizinisi kokusebenza ukwakha nengqalasizinda edingekayo noma abasebenzi ekwandiseni ukunyuswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho nabantu abakweletwayo, lo somabhizinisi ungafaka isicelo izinkampani zomshuwalense ezinikeza ongakhetha Ukuvikelwa ebhizinisi noma izingozi wokuhweba. Esinye isigaba ukumaketha abaxhumanisi - kukhona amafemu kanye osomabhizinisi, ekusizeni abakhiqizi ukufunda emakethe ukukhangisa kahle umkhiqizo sihlaziye okufunekayo, uma kunesidingo, ulungise inqubo ukukhiqizwa.

I balamuli emkhakheni wemisebenzi

Amasevisi zaziwa ukuba inombolo yezici, ihlukanisa kubo kusukela izimpahla - lokhu intangibility, nesokhranyaemost, kuyinto nolimi kusukela kwe-umthombo, kanye simo esishubile okusezingeni eliphezulu (simo esishubile) izinga. Ngenxa isici indima abaxhumanisi emkhakheni service avame ukuba elinganiselwe. Njengoba amasevisi angaphatheki, iklayenti, ngaphandle kokuhlola bona siqu, awukwazi ukuthola umbono izakhiwo zabo zangempela, izinga lesevisi e inkampani ethile. Abaxhumanisi ungakwazi, kakhulu, elimibalabala ukuchaza umthombo ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo, kodwa idumela izenzo ezinjalo ngeke okusezingeni eliphezulu ngaso sonke isikhathi. Iklayenti ngokuvamile ukuthola izincomo ecace kakhudlwana komngane wakhe, hhayi umuntu usithe, ngisho noma isikhulumi enhle kakhulu. Nokho, emakethe kucocisana kumasevisi lapho, futhi kukhona amafemu ukuthi ngokukhethekile emisebenzini enjalo. Igama lazo ezivamile - "inkonzo franchisor" noma "amasevisi umlamuli".

Bona bangena esivumelwaneni nge umthombo amasevisi siyayamukela kuye, "Franchise" - amalungelo akhethekile for ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo ngaphansi lokuhweba evikelwe, ubuchwepheshe ilebula. Umnikazi womkhiqizo ichaza izimiso eziyisisekelo okufanele zinikezwa amasevisi ayo. Uma sinquma ukuthi kwenye indawo kukhona ifemu noma usomabhizinisi, sikwazi ukunikeza lesevisi elihlangabezana nezimfuneko, kungase bangena esivumelwaneni naye franchise futhi uzoqiniseka ukuthi ikhasimende uzothola mayelana efanayo uma betholane "inhloko" isakhiwo.

sphere okudayisa

Kukhona zenyathi nabadayisi, eyaziwa ngokuthi "okudayisa". Basuke ukuthenga izimpahla ezivela kumkhiqizi noma umthengisi, ukuba-ke ukuthengisa bathola inzuzo kumsebenzisi wokugcina. wabathengi nokudayisa ukusebenza ekupheleni izingxenye iziteshi zokusabalalisa. Sinenkosi imisebenzi eyisisekelo ambalwa. Okokuqala, it is a Ukukhetha lemigqa umkhiqizo. Ochwepheshe lenkampani, waziphatha kucocisana okudayisa, ahlaziye supply chain, ukukhetha okuhle kakhulu kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa ibhizinisi labo imodeli abakhiqizi ukwenza izinhlu umkhiqizo. Okwesibili, ukukhangisa kanye nolwazi emsebenzini - oda nokubekwa hits commercial kwabezindaba, i-TV, i-Internet, ukuthumela izimpahla obala, ukunyatheliswa izincwajana ezinkampani ukudalwa neminye imithombo yemininingo umkhiqizo. Okwesithathu, kuyinto ukubekwa kanye yokugcina izimpahla emafektri, isakhiwo zabo phezu counter, ethungatha freshness ukubukeka. Okwesine, le ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe ukuthengiselana namakhasimende - Ithola, amasevisi ukuphathwa cash, ethola imali, lokushintshisana futhi ukubuya kwezimpahla. Lokhu kungenzeka futhi ihlanganisa ukubolekisa, inqubomgomo isaphulelo. Okwesihlanu, yilungiselelo ezihlukahlukene amasevisi iklayenti - ukulethwa, ukusebenza izimangalo, beqhuba imisebenzi emphakathini efanele.

Logistics abaxhumanisi

Ebalulekile womkhiqizo emakethe - kungcono Logistics. Ngaphansi kule ndawo, kukhona ukuba balamuli. Bahlukene ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko - 3PL-abahlinzeki, 4PL-abahlinzeki kanye nephrofayili emincane inkampani. Logistics abaxhumanisi baye baphuma isifiso abakhiqizi ukuba zilalelisise futhi uqondise etholakalayo izimpahla zamanje e fixed nezakhiwo umsebenzi. Ngakho, ukuhlangabezana nezinselele ukulethwa kwezimpahla kanye yokusungula ezimali izimboni abaphendukela ibhizinisi third-party ( "Outsourcing" format). Iphrofayela Esincane lenkampani, eziphathelene Logistics abaxhumanisi - kuyinto yizimpahla forwarders, opharetha yizimpahla terminals emafektri, izinkampani zokuthutha. Ngamunye wabo bakulungele ukuthwala ingxenye "Outsourcing" imisebenzi umkhiqizi. 3PL (logictics wesithathu) - Izinkampani ukuthi ukwazi ukunikeza esibanzi Logistics amasevisi. Zenza ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi, kodwa bonke - yiwona abaxhumanisi. Ingabe izinhlangano ukuthi uvalwe bafakwe yebhizinisi imikhiqizo yomenzi. Izinkontileka ukuthi zenziwa phakathi kwemboni nezinhlangano ezifana umthetho, yesikhathi eside, Ubuhlobo - ithemba. Ngezinye izikhathi 3PL-abahlinzeki lokucabanga nezibopho of icala (okuyinto ezingavamile ngenxa "Outsourcing" amasevisi emakethe). Kukhona futhi 4PL-abahlinzeki - lawa izinkampani ezinikeza uhla esibanzi kunazo amasevisi, uhlobo "mazinga okuhlola" nabahlinzeka ngemisebenzi umlamuli emkhakheni Logistics.

Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza kuya ku-intanethi

Njengoba sekunama-yokuhweba online, uhlobo olusha abaxhumanisi. Akanalo incazelo ecacile, ake sibize kubo "abaxhumanisi Inthanethi". Laba ngabantu ukuthi ukunikeza ukuhamba kwezimpahla kusuka umdayisi noma nomkhiqizi kumthengi, usebenzisa iziteshi Inthanethi. Ngokuvamile, lokhu abantu zomthetho noma yemvelo abasiza ukhethe umkhiqizo (njengoba inketho - ukuhunyushwa incazelo ku ulimi lwabaningi babantu base umthengi), ukuzivocavoca ukulawula ukulethwa, unikele exchange noma imbuyiselo nezinqubo. I balamuli uxhumeke kwi-ukuhwebelana nge-Internet kulezi zimo ezinkulu ezilandelayo. Okokuqala, uma esitolo inthanethi Awukwazi ukuthumela amaphasela ukuba izwe lapho umthengi itholakala. Okwesibili, umlamuleli kungasiza ukuletha izimpahla ngokushesha kunokuba kuzokwenza umdayisi njengengxenye uhlelo ejwayelekile. Okwesithathu, kosizo besithathu kungadingeka ukuba umthengi, uma wenza ukuthenga ezitolo ezahlukene, kanye nenani ukulethwa siphezulu kakhulu - udinga indoda iyakwazi "ukuqoqa" izikhundla ezahlukene futhi uyithumele ngentengo engcono ekhelini eyodwa. Okwesine, nokuxhumana umthengi nge izwe azalelwa izimpahla e zazikuphazamisa noma kuvinjelwe (isibonelo, esitolo akusho ukwamukela credit cards noma Russian ayinayo imenyu ngesiRashiya) nganoma iyiphi indlela.

Ukusebenza balamuli

Umnotho Russian - kusenzeka, futhi izindinganiso ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo abaningi nalapho. Ngakho-ke, ubuhlobo ngebhizinisi abaxhumanisi ezweni lethu libhekene ngezici ezithile. emakethe kwentsha abizele ezingokoqobo lalo. Isici esiyinhloko emakethe manje - yilokhu ukuba balamuli Russian ngezinye izikhathi ukucabanga tactically - ukuhlabana for inkontileka imali eningi kanye eziphezulu zenzalo. Akukhona inzuzo kunoma ubani. Umkhiqizi, eqaphela ukuthi overpaid, ekhetha omunye umlingani futhi umsebenzisi ekupheleni ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu esesuthi umlamuleli ziyophoqeleka ukuba ukuthenga izimpahla ezibizayo.

Emazweni athuthukile, indlela ngokuvamile ezahlukene, ngaphezulu "amasu", futhi kuba nezinhlangano wamukelekile kakhulu kwezohwebo. Balamuli ungalindeli futhi musa ukubabela inzuzo eyodwa, kodwa zama ukwakha ubuhlobo obude abakhiqizi kwezimpahla. Ikakhulu yalesisizathu amanani ezitolo European futhi American lingaphansi kunalokhu esinakho (at ifektri izindleko intengo angaba phezulu). ochwepheshe Market bakholelwa ukuthi Russia has amathemba kangcono ukuthuthukiswa emakethe wabenza ogunyazwe, lapho okunikelwe intengo yokugcina umthengi kwezimpahla Kunconywa ngumkhiqizi. Isisusa for abaxhumanisi - Isaphulelo ekwamukelweni imikhiqizo (okuyinto zingandiswa, uma yokuthengisa hamba kahle).

American kucocisana isitayela ngokoqobo Russian

USA, umnotho kabani elikhulu kunawo wonke embusweni, kubhekwa umhlinzeki lokuma kwabalamuli okhokhelwayo. Isitayela isici wabenza American - kusishiya sibambe ongezansi, "Fairground". Presentations abaxhumanisi kumakhasimende ukuthola umbala bokubanga, uthembisa lukhulu, "konke ngesikhathi esisodwa." Lendlelanchubo yakhiwe ayenziwa kugqugquzelwa ukumaketha izincwadi emanyuvesi aseMelika, futhi muva nje - ngesiRashiya. Kuze kube manje, abakhangisi abaningi ezweni lethu bakholelwa ukuthi ukusekelwa imikhuba ukuxoxisana eziphambili kukhona balamuli American, kukhona okungcono emhlabeni, ngokuvumelana Russian kalula ochwepheshe, ochwepheshe. Ngezindlela eziningi izimiso Lokudabuka kwezilwandle zibhekwa kuphela elungile.

Kodwa kulokho degree isitayela umlamuleli American iyahambisana ezingokoqobo Russian? Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi esikhathini esincane kakhulu. BaseRussia baye basungula uhlobo amasosha omzimba izintshumayelo, elikhanyayo, izinkulumo unethemba izikhulumi, ukuze abaxhumanisi abathengisa izimpahla ngokushesha futhi aphendule ngomfutho. Ngakho-ke, usebenzisa amacebo American, umlamuleli, umsebenzi okuholela eRussia, angase abhekane zokungajahi ukuthengisa izimpahla, futhi ngeke avume. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi e-US ikhasimende eshintsha ngokwabo. Sociability, ukuzwela, lokuthatheka, nokuvuleka American abathengi ahlale esikhathini esidlule.