Abrahama Maslow. "Motivation and Personality": isifinyezo, ukubuyekezwa

Abrahama Maslow - nososayensi waseMelika futhi isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo, ngubani basungula isimiso enemisebenzi kakhulu sezisusa izidingo zomuntu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule nguqulo enemininingwane imibono yakhe ezifundiswa uMnyango Psychology, sekunzima manje ukuthola umuntu angeke aweve edumile "mbhoshongo baba nezidingo ezithile."

usosayensi Ledger

Zomsebenzi Maslow "Motivation and Personality" Nokho, uthole ulwazi hhayi kuphela abafundi kanye izinkanyiso kwengqondo. It othisha nesithakazelo, osomabhizinisi, zezenhlalo. Ngokuvamile, lo msebenzi ngeke ukuheha ubani esamangele ngalokho okusezinhliziyweni zabo we sphere isidingo-ugqozi lomuntu.

Lolu hlobo yanyatheliswa ezingaphezu kwesigamu eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. Kodwa nakuba isikhona umqondo futhi akhuthazayo, namanje azigcina ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo. Ubugovu, imibuzo, ukubelesela - ukuthi izizathu okuyinto waqala ukubhalela kulo msebenzi, i nososayensi waseMelika Lokudabuka isiRashiya, Abrahama Maslow. Motivation and Personality - imiqondo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngazifunda. Ziboniswa esihlokweni sencwadi yakhe.

Esakhula Maslow

Mangisho ukuthi u-Abrahama Maslow wakhula kwakusala kude kuqondile. Usosayensi Abazali bethuthele e-United States ngaphambi kokuba azalwe. Umndeni njalo wanqoba isimo ingxabano. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ubaba womfana wayezuze abangamaJuda, ngakho kwadingeka lokuzizwela lokho kwamaJuda. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi impumelelo ezifundweni Maslow lalilikhulu kakhulu, ebusheni bakhe owawuse todvwa nokucindezelwa.

Ukujwayeleka ngolwazi ngokwengqondo

Kamuva Maslow, e izincomo kayise, ukuzinikela ekutadisheni wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo. Kodwa, njengoba beye ngajwayelana Psychology, eshiya enkambweni kuqala. Wathola imfundo kwakhe Viskonskom Inyuvesi ekhatsi Madison, futhi ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukwamukelwa ngisebenze njengevolontiya elifundisa ekolishi. Useke wasebenzela njengoba umsizi edumile usosayensi behaviorist Edvarda Torndayka. Wakhushulelwa umongameli we-American Psychological Association ngo-1967. Maslow umsebenzi ephefumulelwe kakhulu Dzhona Uotsona.

Umqondo oyisisekelo

Incwadi Maslow "Motivation and Personality" Uchaza isimo nezidingo, izakhiwo zabo eziyisisekelo, umthelela sphere ugqozi lomuntu. Maslow mbhoshongo siqukethe amabhlogo, ngalinye elikwazi kubonisa isidingo esithile - kusuka eziyisisekelo kuya ephakeme. Le modeli Kulula kakhulu ukuchaza isibonelo. Esiyinhloko izidingo zomuntu yizidingo bokuphila ezifana ekulambeni nasekomeni. Ukuhlola kwabo, kuba umuntu singenakwenzeka ungacabanga, isibonelo, mayelana ifilosofi postmodernism. Ngakho-ke, okokuqala kufanele aneliseke izidingo ezibalulekile umzimba.

Kulandele isidingo ukuphepha - ngokomzimba nangokomzwelo. Kubalulekile ukuze babe nophahla phezu kwamakhanda abo, ukuze siphile ngaphandle usongo khona.

Lapho lezi zidingo egcwele ngumuntu iqala ukufuna kweneliseke izidingo isigaba ephakeme - ukuqashelwa kwezenhlalo, uzwela. Ukuze isidingo ubungane kufanele kube nesidingo ukuzethemba, okungukuthi, umuntu manje ufuna ukuzimela kanye nobuholi.

Maslow sokudlondlobala mbhoshongo kuba nesidingo actualization. Lapho zonke ezinye izidingo yanelisekile, umuntu angaqala ngokukhululekile ukuzivocavoca esivela ubunjalo iyikho.

Ngakho, noma nini ukuziphatha inikezwe ilawulwa izidingo unmet. Futhi ngokuvamile awasuthi kuze kube sekupheleni. Yingakho abantu baye baphumelela ekuphileni kwenu ukuzithiba actualization ezingeni, mayelana 2%, njengoba kushiwo encwadini Maslow "Motivation and Personality."

Yini ehlukanisa imfundiso yokuziphendukela Maslow?

Ukusebenziseka Nokubhekana Namaqiniso - lawa izimfanelo eziyinhloko emimoya imfundiso yokuziphendukela ubuntu kanye nogqozi. Maslow, okuthiwa uthanda wemiqondo lokuqala behaviorism, bese kufika esiphethweni sokuthi imiqondo lezi kahle kabusha elabhorethri, kodwa awuhlangene ngalutho ngempilo yangempela isitayela womuntu, ifilosofi yakhe.

Inkinga eyinhloko Psychology

Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuphawulwe: igebe phakathi theory kanye umkhuba - inkinga eyinhloko kwengqondo. Ngeshwa, abantu abaphendukela zokusebenza kwengqondo usizo, akekho Uphakamisa kwesihenqo. Futhi akekho ukuyiphendula ku umbuzo wokuthi lokhu noma lokhuya Uchwepheshe bazokwazi ukusiza.

Ukwehlukanisa Psychology qiniso: isibonelo

Enye yezimfanelo eyinhloko wezengqondo ezinhle, kanye theory kakhulu ngokomqondo - abheke ukuthi kungenzeka practice ngenhloso ukusiza abantu. Lokhu kuhlobene ngqo theory Maslow sika. Kuboniswa kahle isibonelo kobufakazi zabantu abafuna usizo abelaphi lwezigaba ezahlukene ekwelashweni ukuluthwa: ukuluthwa utshwala, ukugembula, ukubhema. abelaphi Abaningi ukuqeda lobu bunzima kusetshenziswa inqubo esikhundleni ngokuvumelana lapho kwencika kungenzeka kuphela esikhundleni nezinye - kulesi simo, ikhiqize kakhudlwana. Ukudlulisa elilodwa noma amabili amazinga bomasikhuphulane Maslow sika, abazincomayo iziguli zabo esikhundleni sokuncika, laqala ukwenza iSilekeleli Sokwazisa. izidingo Unmet ngezinhlamvu ezincane ezingeni, ngasizathu simbe, kusenziwa wazizwa: i owayengumlutha wotshwala noma Casanova wavuma kakhulu uphendulela "esikhundleni" Ubuhlobo babo nezinye imisebenzi, isibonelo, beading. Futhi 'ungahlala kanjani sibalo engaphansi ukuthi hlobo luni lwebhizinisi kuyokwenzeka phezulu izidingo zakhe waze eyanelisa isidingo yakhe ngenxa yothando, nenhlonipho, uzwela, ubungani, ubuhlobo obuseduze nabanye ngokomzwelo nabantu?

Abantu ayachitheka e kwengqondo, ungayikhokhele ngesikhathi esifanayo imali eningi. Enye kwakuyoba isithombe, uma bonke odokotela bengqondo ayesetshenziswa umsebenzi Maslow "Motivation and Personality." Izibuyekezo kudingeka ukuba uzikholelwe, kwakuyoba ngcono kakhulu njengoba izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo, kanye mayelana amathuba kwengqondo ngokuvamile.

Incwadi Maslow "Motivation and Personality": isifinyezo

Ingxenye yokuqala yencwadi enikelwe ekutadisheni okushiwo izidingo, indlela ukuthonya ukwaneliseka yabo wentuthuko yabantu, ukwakheka ubuntu bakhe, futhi aphinde elibuyekeziwe nomqondo wemvelo. Maslow lithi ukwakha kusebenza kunendoda e ngezinga elincane. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imizwelo engokwemvelo kukhona isisekelo zonke izenzo zayo, ukuziphatha nakho kakhulu abathintekayo ufuzo futhi imvelo.

Inkulumo eyalandela enesihloko esithi amadili umqondo yempilo yengqondo, indima ukukhungatheka ekuhlangabezaneni nezidingo, umbuzo ukwamukeleka ekuziphatheni okunobudlova. Maslow uthi isimo sengqondo esiqondile cishe neutralizes ubudlova: ngakho-ke njalo kunesidingo acabangele izimo zemvelo, ucabangela noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuziphatha, kuhlanganise elimazayo.

Maslow esilandelayo sizodingida ngokwayo abantu samoaktualizatsiruyuschihsya, ikakhulukazi esimilweni sazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-ingxenye yesithathu thina alalelwa izimpikiswano uthando futhi lokusungula futhi zako.

Engxenyeni yokugcina yale ncwadi Maslow "Motivation and Personality" uhlola indima lokusungula kwezesayensi, imibuzo ka indlela, ukubaluleka indlela ephelele.

Maslow akucela babheka umuntu hhayi kuphela umongo kokuqhathanisa impilo yengqondo Neurotic. Noma ubani onesithakazelo nezindaba self-actualization, singakwazi ukuncoma ngokuphepha umsebenzi eliyisisekelo lokuthi wadala Abrahama Maslow - ". Motivation and Personality" Izibuyekezo zabafundi abaningi kakade izizukulwane oluningana luye lwabonisa ukuthi lo msebenzi eyokusiza ukuba uwufinyelele eziphakeme kangcono futhi baziqonde bona ngokwabo kuwo wonke umuntu.