Afghanistan impi. Afghan neMpi (1979-1989)

I evumayo isikhundla yendawo backwardness kakhulu ekuthuthukeni Afghanistan njalo kuphela nomthelela yokuthi amanye amazwe abathi nempahla indawo uMbuso. Afghanistan ngokuphindiwe sezithotshiselwe phansi Ukuhlasela of amabutho esitha, kuye kwaba nezimpi eziningi. Kodwa kukhona kuleli zwe, umcimbi ngaphambili lapho uhulumeni wombuso uye mathupha wacela usizo ukuphuma ngaphansi kweSoviet Union ukuze kuqedwe Izinxushunxushu zombango zenzeka e-Republic of Afghanistan. Impi, zazo zikhona namanje kwemibono waqala. I amabutho aseSoviet kuphela nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni we ezingqubuzana lezakhamuzi, futhi lapho ebhekene nokuphikiswa abathintekayo umhlaba wonke.

izimfanelo

Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ayehlasela amasosha aseSoviet ngo-Afghanistan, njengoba kushiwo iziphathimandla zase-USSR, kwaba isifiso ukusekela Abasekeli imiqondo sezenhlalo ezikhona izikhundla evelele isimo emva Apreli inguqula-mbuso, kodwa kamuva wazibonela ukumelana namandla eqenjini eliphikisayo. Mayelana impi e-Afghanistan uthi isamba esikhulu emsebenzini, kodwa iningi lawo kungqubuzane.

Nokho, abacwaningi abaningi uvume ukuthi wonke eSoviet Union wanquma ukuthatha ingxenye empini, ngoba ehlose iwukudambisa linjalo Islamic abathole amandla endaweni emva Yenguquko Iran ngo-1979.

isizinda International

Ukuvela ingxabano kanye nomthelela isimo sengqondo ngemibono wase-USSR. Afghanistan, impi ngabe ephukile futhi ngaphandle ayehlasela Soviet, angabangela buhlungu sina ezikhundleni umphakathi, inqobo nje uma Umfutho kokugumbuqelwa uhulumeni pro-Soviet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusabalala eziyisisekelo, kodwa destabilization isimo sezombangazwe, kungenzeka kakhulu kuthinte Asia Ephakathi. Ngokusho kwemibiko yiSoviet Union, ngekubamba lichaza zinqobe, isimo uholwe "nemave yesigaba sabasebenzi." Politburo futhi ukuze bathethelele izenzo zabo kwamanye amazwe, kuthiwa ayehlasela kungenxa izikhalazo okuphindiwe uhulumeni Afghan usizo ekulweni namabutho emelene nohulumeni.

Njengoba impi?

Kuningi okuye kwashiwo mayelana Afghanistan, kodwa kunzima ukuqonda okuyiqiniso amazwi amanga, ngoba iyiphi isinyathelo sezempi athuthukile ngaphansi kwethonya okungenani ezicini eziningana. Ukuchitheka ka 1979-1989 - nje omunye izigaba kwempi yombango e-Afghanistan, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho indawo amabutho samanje Soviet ababefuna ukwenza ukuthula. Kolunye uhlangothi kule mpi babe namabutho Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, ngakolunye - amalungu ahlomile eliphikisayo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-mujahideen, noma Spooks. Uhlangothi ngokuwina babeyothola ukulawula inani phezu lonke izwe.

akuxhomekile Limited 40 Army

Igama elivamile laso sonke Amayunithi amabutho aseSoviet ngokuhlala ensimini ka-Afghanistan - a akuxhomekile elinganiselwe, amandla kabani main kwaba Army 40. Kugcine uLieutenant General, kwaholela ukuhoxiswa impi, kusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi, ukunqoba zaseSoviet ngxabano noma, kunalokho, walahlekelwa. Nakanjani singakwazi kuphela sithi amasosha abhekana ngayo umsebenzi phambi kwabo futhi sakwazi ukuphindela emakhaya. izinkinga eziningana baye babhekana inyunyana Army 40. Endaweni lokuqala, amasosha aseSoviet ngo-Afghanistan kufanele ukusiza uhulumeni omusha ekulinganiseni isimo kanye neqhaza ophela empini. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa ukulawula ahlomile amabutho ukuphikiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasosha aseSoviet ensimini ka State kwadingeka ukuvimbela ubudlova phezu ingxenye kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwe-colonel, Army 40 ukubhekana ngokugcwele lemisebenti.

Imiphumela ukungqubuzana

Phela, amabutho aseSoviet wona ahoxiswa Afghanistan Februwari 15, umbusi Najibullah umbuso, ukunamathela imibono obala pro-Soviet lanqotshwa, eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, futhi wawela kuphela uma Russia saphela ukuwusekela, okungukuthi ku-1992. Ukubamba iqhaza kuleli qembu wathatha emkhakheni mujahideen. Phakathi nempi, umonakalo kwabangelwa hhayi kuphela Republic of Afghanistan. Impi iye yabangela ukuphela sokuhlanganiswa izikhundla ezizivelelayo Islamic kanye kudalwa iqembu amaphekula-al-Qaeda. Zisabalulekile initiators ukungqubuzana emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi Chechnya, Algeria neGibhithe.

Ubani baya ukulwa e Afghanistan?

Impi ihlale abadinga amasosha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi mncane noma emikhulu izenzo ukuphikiswa ensimini ka emazweni amaningana. Abantu baseSoviet wanamathela umbono ukuthi Afghanistan wathumela izinqola abafana nesishiyagalombili, ubani kwakungasekho okunye kodwa ukuba abe inganono ifolishi. Nokho, lokho akulona iqiniso. Ingxenye enkulu amasosha athunyelwa Afghanistan ngokuzithandela, abanye bakhohliswe inkulumo-ze-Soviet, abanye ukuze uthole isikole yangempela ekuphileni, ezinye ukuvikela ezweni lenkaba yawo. Kwakukhona, yebo, futhi labo kwenzakala ophathekayo impi angaphandle ezingqubuzana nentando yakhe, ngomyalo isimo, futhi babebaningi. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba amasosha athunyelwa empini, lapho babengakholelwa ngempela nobuhlobo obukhethekile. amaqhawe ngemibono waqhubeka ukuvikela izwe lenkaba yabo ukuze alwe lekusasa elingcono ezweni labo. Kwamanye izakhamuzi zase-USSR, kwakungenakwenzeka, futhi kwakubonakala kubo ukuthi lokhu kungenye nenkohliso omashiqela bagqugquzela. Nokho, ingxenye enkulu ukuhlola izikhulu kanye amasosha athunyelwa empini ngenxa yesicelo sakhe; abanye azithele ngabandayo nenkazimulo, abanye ngemali futhi abanye - ukuhlola nje ngokwakho.

isiqinisekiso kahle kakhulu konke okungenhla Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ekwindla ka-1988, lapho abaningi ekuphileni kwabo wezempi e-Afghanistan siphelelwe yisikhathi, futhi babecela ukuhamba ekhaya, zazingasho lokho. Amasosha ngokwabo bacelwa ukuba bahlale izinyanga ezimbalwa kakhudlwana abaqalayo abangenawo nakho efanele okwamanje, hhayi ubulewe.

ukulahlekelwa ye-USSR

Hhayi ngaphandle Kushone Afghanistan zwe. Impi ye-1979 kwabulala abantu abaningi amasosha aseSoviet. Nokho, uma ukulahleka yonyaka e-USSR lafinyelela abantu 1537, ngokwesilinganiso, ukuthi isitha uye wahlupheka kakhulu. Ngokwemithombo ehlukahlukene, babulawe ngesikhathi somkhankaso lonke esuka kubantu 1 kuya ezigidini 1.2. Yiqiniso, izinkulungwane unyaka nesigamu yezimpilo - lenqwaba, kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi amabutho aseSoviet kwadingeka ukuba usinde endaweni ongayazi endaweni enabantu engavamile. Ukuze uqhathanise: isibonelo, e-Iraq, kwashona amasosha 3677, acabangela ukuthi ngokunenzuzo isikhali ohlangothini-United States.

Imiphumela

Baningi amasosha aseSoviet, ngokuvamile ngisesemncani khulu, wathunyelwa e-Afghanistan. Impi ngiswele wabo, futhi abazange ukudanisa futhi uhulumeni noma izakhamuzi. Lokhu abantu abanesibindi bakwazi ukuvikela ezweni lawo, ukuvikela abathandekayo babo. Iran, Afghanistan, Chechnya ... Impi ayizange iphumelele ngaphandle zokuchitha igazi, kodwa ebuthweni lempi laseSoviet ukwazi ukwenza konke okwakulindeleke kubo, ngalahlekelwa inombolo okungenani izimpilo. Isinqumo-USSR ilungile noma cha, manje akubalulekile kangako, umahluleli ngasekupheleni. Abahlongakeleko abakwazi ukubuyela, kodwa izimpilo zalaba namaqhawe isisize ukuqinisa ukuthula ezweni lethu. Phela, yilokho kanye ababeyifuna.