"Sea Lion" - ukusebenza ukuze uthwebule eJalimane lobuNazi England

Battle of Britain nesithi "Umkhankaso Sea Lion" ubheke umzamo uhlulekile uthwebule Hitler Albion ngo-1940. Yehlulekile ngosizo Russia, njengoba kuphume umyalelo wokuthi ukukhansela konke amalungiselelo cababa ogwini Great Britain wanikwa sokudumisa Januwari 9, 1941, lapho amaJalimane ezimiswe eMoscow, nangawo wonke amabutho aseJalimane aqala ukuba kuthunyelwe nempi yezwe lethu. Kodwa uma "Sea Lion" - ukusebenza ukuze uthwebule England, Battle of Britain (a eside ayisungula nokufakwa Churchill) kuhilela kuphela Air Force ukulwa futhi umzamo wasithatha yokudlondlobala German esibhakabhakeni ezweni lonke.

The touch sokugcina e ukugqilazwa Europe

Ngemva kwempi, ezinye iziphathimandla German lempi abaphezulu umangalele ukuthi uHitler ngicabange ngokujulile kuhlaselwa the UK. Cishe, ngemva kokunqotshwa ibutho isiFulentshi, wayeqiniseka ukuthi ezweni Umhubhe Channel isivele ephaketheni lakhe. Futhi besingeke sikwazi ukuphuma isiphetho eNgilandi, eFrance, ngawo ezinyangeni sokudumisa eziyisishiyagalombili kwaholela "impi ukudlala" kuze May 9, 1940, uma kungekhona ukuthi impi ne Russia. "Sea Lion" - ukusebenza, wazalwa ukufika edlwengulwa German - sivunyiwe Julayi 16, 1940. uhlelo Seeliwe kwaba - ekuqaleni 25 ukwahlukana kwakufanele ukuwela English Channel wafikela ogwini IsiZulu phakathi Dover futhi Portsmouth.

Isiteshi - Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo of England

Kodwa abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi cababa - ibhizinisi okuyingozi, futhi "Sea Lion" - eyohlinzwa entsha ngaphezulu, ngoba eNgilandi kwakunabaFundi lasolwandle ezinhle kakhulu futhi eminyaka nakho izimpi zasolwandle. British Air Force Kuye onamandla ngempela. Okungukuthi isikebhe kokwehla Kwakunzima kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, enye yezingxenye yebutho isiJalimane, okuyi Army, ka "Operation Sea Lion" ezikhishiwe. Kwanqunywa ukuba lokuqala: ukubhubhisa noma ukucindezela RAF futhi ukusula kuyi-English Channel. Ilanga lokuthoma ukusebenza kwe operation adluliselwe ngaso sonke isikhathi. Yiqiniso, izwe laseBrithani nelase yayinesithakazelo kakhulu ukuhlaselwa kaHitler iSoviet Union ngamandla amakhulu futhi kuzo zonke indlela uphromothiwe.

amalungiselelo sina

"Sea Lion", ukusebenza ukuhlasela German on Albion, bonke okwamanje zibukezwa, izinguquko eziye zenziwa, usuku ekuqaleni yokudlulisa. Kwanqunywa ukuthi akusiyo 25, ukwahlukana 40 izobamba iqhaza Ukunqamula le-English Channel, ogwini ezwekazini ngokubona matasa emadolobheni asogwini - Cherbourg futhi Rotterdam, Calais kanye Ostend, buthelela in inqwaba Ukunqamula izindawo - 1722 izikebhe kanye 471 donsa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaJalimane kulindeleke ukusebenzisa isikebhe amayunithi 1161 no-155 ka zasolwandle ezokuthutha ukufuduka amathani 3000-5000. Kwakugcizelelwa German Air Force (Luftwaffe), ukwesekwa ukuthi kwadingeka 13 izibhamu ugu.

Battle of Britain

7-8 Agasti waqala ngamabhomu England, igama ikhodi - "Eagle kugasela» (Adlerangriffe). Ngosuku lokuqala, ukuba igama ikhodi "Eagle Day» (Adlertag), kubhekwe esemthethweni isiqalo usuku Battle of Britain (nakuba eminye imithombo lokuphekiwe Septhemba 13, usuku esemthethweni ekuqaleni ukusebenza "Eagle", okuyinto kwaba ingxenye kokwehla ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni "Sea Lion"). Ukusebenza kosuku lapho aluvunyiwe (lokubikezela, njengoba sazi, futhi, akazange athathe indawo), ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi "kuhlulekile gxuma ulwandle ibhubesi." Februwari 13, 1942, u-Admiral Raeder Ngagcina nini ngakhuluma naye ne Fuehrer mayelana lo msebenzi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho ekugcineni asuswe ajenda.

I real yenguquko empini

Njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ekwindla ka-1940, ukuhlinzwa ayehlasela eNgilandi liye wahlelelwa entwasahlobo ka-1941. Kungakhathaliseki kulotshiwe manje zaguquka neMpi Yezwe II, kwakunedlanzana nje ukuyeka amabutho kaHitler eduze eMoscow futhi ukunqotshwa kwaseStalingrad ukulondolozwa Britain ebugqilini. Wabasindisa Sea lebutho Russian ekunqobeni mlando lapho British yanqotshwa ukunqotshwa emva, futhi ogwadule, futhi kusukela ugu abahlala. ukuze kaHitler kuphela ukumisa okuhlaselayo German at Dunkirk futhi bavunyelwe ukuba ukuthutha amasosha ayizinkulungwane 330 yebutho umbimbi yonkana Channel.

emoyeni silinganiso

"Ukusebenza Sea Lion" wawuba ngasekuqaleni Ehlobo lika-1940. Empeleni, hhayi lapho indiza ukuthunjwa izwe eliyisiqhingi, kanye nokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu of England, okwadingeka sivula indlela yokuba amasosha emhlabathini. Kodwa ukusebenza Julayi 16, 1940 sivunyiwe, idokhumenti, futhi uyekwa ngokuphelele Januwari 9, 1941-th. Operation "Lokhozi", ingxenye ethi "Sea Lion", wayeka ngoSepthemba, amaJalimane baphoqeleka ukuba bavume ukuthi ukubusa emoyeni futhi bafika ukugcina Luftwaffe, kubalulekile ukuba ayeke nokubhonywa eLondon ayehlasela lihlehliselwe isikhathi esingaziwa. Futhi-ke, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, lo mbono anibuyelanga.

Ukuqala futhi ukubhujiswa okuphelele kwalelizwe amadolobha aseYurophu wafaka emoyeni

Ngakho uqede "Operation Sea Lion". Ukuphazamisa ayehlasela England noma kunjalo ayikwazi kubhekwe credit kulelo zwe kuphela. Nakuba-UK eyenziwa emoyeni ngokumelene eJalimane, hhayi Hitler achanyuselwa izinhlelo wokuba kuhlaselwe Russia, e-England, "hhayi eside esetshenziswa umculo ukudlala." ukuqhuma kwamabhomu Ubhubhane yaseLondon kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe yephutha navigation abashayeli bezindiza isiJalimane, okwaphumela kungekho amabhomu lawa ahoxiswe izimboni lempi, etholakala endaweni yabadla izambane likaPondo, inhloko-dolobha yaseBrithani, futhi phakathi nendawo. AmaNgisi wenza ezine kugasela ukuziphindiselela ku-Berlin. Futhi nakuba ukubhujiswa nokuhlushwa kwala abalimala babe ezincane, kanye Berliners hhayi ukuba asabise, kodwa kunalokho bamangale, uHitler Wathukuthela wathelwa ngamanzi futhi yayala nokubhonywa omkhulu kuyinto inhloko-dolobha yase-England, owaqala ngo-7 Septhemba. Ngosuku olufanayo eNgilandi isignali kwakuzwakala "Cromwell", isixwayiso mayelana ekuqaleni ayehlasela amabutho aseJalimane. Septhemba 7 ngamabhomu babe eziqine futhi wabangela ukuba ukubhujiswa enkulu, 9 Septhemba - 15th zincane - esingaphansi ngisho kwaleso. 17 Septhemba amatheku laseThire elingasolwandle eJalimane, Ukudilizwa imishini senzelwe ecasula. AmaJalimane kwahluleka ukufeza ubuhle esibhakabhakeni, futhi iholele "Sea Lion". Kodwa-ke asikwazi kuthathwe njengendlela uzowanqoba amabutho aseJalimane kanye yenguquko empini. Ikakhulukazi ngoba amaJalimane abayekanga esigamekweni sokuqhunyiswa okwengeziwe, nomuzi Coventry yadilizwa phansi eminyakeni 1940-1942.