Afrika: izixhumanisi amaphuzu kakhulu. Geography of Africa

Cishe lena yiyona oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke izwekazi, izwe elikhulu liqhathanisa ukuthi ngesithakazelo efunda ngesayensi geography. Afrika - nezwekazi ezishisa iplanethi futhi ophakeme kunabo. On insimu yalo iyikhaya ezizweni eziningi ezincane nezinkulu, ngalinye elikwazi ukhuluma sinolimi lwaso.

Lesi sihloko kuzoxoxwa imayelana Afrika, isimo sawo futhi abantu.

Afrika: izixhumanisi amaphuzu kakhulu

Kuyinto nezwekazi lesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Ihlanganisa indawo eziyizigidi ezingu-30 amakhilomitha square. Nge-Eurasia Afrika exhunywe Suez mdweshu emincane.

8000 amakhilomitha - kuba ngempela ibanga elingako ayesuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika. Izixhumanisi amaphuzu kakhulu zaleli zwekazi okulandelayo:

• North - Cape Ras Engel (37.21 degrees enyakatho nenkabazwe).
• South --Cape Agulhas (34.51 degrees latitude eningizimu).

ayizinkulungwane 7.5 amakhilomitha - ibanga phakathi eziseceleni entshonalanga futhi impumalanga yezwekazi ezifana Afrika. Izixhumanisi amaphuzu kakhulu zaleli zwekazi okulandelayo:

• West - Cape Almadies (17.33 degrees entshonalanga nobude).
• East - Cape Ras Gafun (51.16 degrees longitude empumalanga).

Ugu-mpumalanga yezwe kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 26 amakhilomitha. Kuyinto encane kakhulu lokhu usayizi zaleli zwekazi. Isizathu siwukuthi ugu of Africa is kakhulu kabi ahlahlelwe.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le nephuzu of Africa unezinye amagama. Ngakho, Cape Agulhas-Cape Agulhas ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi. ngezinye izikhathi Cape Ras Engel ngokuthi Cape Blanco. Ngakho-ke, ngo-nezincwadi zesayensi kungatholakala, futhi lezi amagama endaweni.

I ezindawo indawo Afrika eliyingqayizivele. Iqiniso lokuthi yenkabazwe kweqa leli zwekazi cishe phakathi. Leli qiniso kunemiphumela ezimbili ezibalulekile:

1. Okokuqala, leli zwekazi uthola semali emisebeni yelanga, njengoba itholakala phakathi ezishisayo ezimbili.
2. Okwesibili, ngokuya izici yemvelo yaseNingizimu Afrika afanako (mirror) ezifanayo kuya eNyakatho Afrika.

Geography: Afrika - nezwekazi esiphezulu iplanethi

Afrika evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ephezulu izwekazi, ngoba lapha ubuswa okusezingeni eliphezulu amafomu impumuzo. Ukuze labo zihlanganisa geomorphologists ithafa ezinkangala bese Amathafa, nezintaba-Outliers. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lezi zinhlobo impumuzo njengomuntu Mainland umphetho, kuyilapho ethafeni etholakala ingxenye APC. Ngamanye amazwi, i-Afrika angase abhekwe njengomuntu esosweni hhayi ijulile kakhulu.

Iphuzu esiphezulu kuleli zwekazi - mlilo of Kilimanjaro (5895 metres). Itholakala Tanzania futhi nesifiso esinamandla ukunqoba lo isiqongo kwenzeka izivakashi eziningi. Kodwa iphuzu aphansi itholakala kuleli zwe elincane Djibouti. Leli chibi Assal nge ukuphakama eliphelele 157 amamitha (kodwa uphawu "lokususa").

izidubedube Afrika

E-Afrika, ehlola ezifakwa yomuntu cishe yonke owaziwa izidubedube. ocebile Ikakhulukazi amaminerali ahlukahlukene, South Africa (amadayimane sika-ke, amalahle, nickel nethusi ore). Ukuthuthukiswa yasendle abathintekayo, njengoba umthetho, izinkampani zakwamanye amazwe.

Rich ambiwa phansi-Afrika nangezilwane yensimbi imikhando. Abaningi Izigayo steel eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika abasebenza ore misela lapha.

North Afrika waziwa ngenxa yamafutha awo amaningi kanye negesi yemvelo. Amazwe lapho ukuthi akuphi, lucky kakhulu - bahlala ngempela ngokujabula. Okokuqala, ake sibone ukuthi, Tunisia Algeria.

amanzi Climate kanye maphakathi nezwe

On indawo Afrika ageleza nomfula omude kunayo yonke emhlabeni - iNayile. Okunye imifula emikhulu zaleli zwekazi - eCongo, Niger, iZambezi, Limpopo ne-Orange. I amaphutha zomhlaba eMpumalanga Afrika ziye zakha ichibi ezijulile - Isi-Nyasa, Tanganyika, nabanye. In the state ngaphansi kwegama Chad usawoti echibini elikhulu lase-igama elifanayo.

Afrika, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, i-izwekazi ezishisayo kule mbulunga enguMhlaba. Ngenxa indawo yayo ebusweni nezwekazi uthola okuningi amandla elanga futhi heats.

E-Afrika Ephakathi, kanye ogwini eGulf of Guinea ukuthola imvula ephakeme. Ezindaweni zaseningizimu nasenyakatho bheka ngembala zonyaka zezulu - ezomile ebusika kanye nenkathi yezimvula ehlobo. Kujana nasenyakatho naseningizimu imvula sincane kakhulu, okuyinto kuholela ekwakhekeni of izingwadule. E-Afrika, kuba ugwadule olukhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni - Sahara.

Inani labantu base-"abamnyama" nezwekazi

E-Afrika elibuswa ngempela abaNsundu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umngcele ezivamile ehlukanisa futhi Negroid kwabaMhlophe, iyona ehlane Sahara.

Kuze kube manje, abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyinkulungwane bahlala e-Afrika. Ngesikhathi esifanayo labantu nezwekazi ukhula ngesivinini ngokushesha. Ososayensi babikezela ukuthi ngo 2050 lapho uzobe ophilayo abantu mayelana 2 billion.

Uma ngokucophelela ibalazwe yezombusazwe ye-Afrika, uzophawula i sici esithakazelisayo. Iqiniso lokuthi imingcele ephakathi emazweni amaningi aphethwe e imigca lecondzile. Kusinda ifa zamakoloni e-Afrika. Okunjalo abanganaki ukuziphatha imingcele (ngaphandle izici yobuhlanga ezifundeni) namuhla kuholela zezimpi eziningi ezaziphakathi izizwe nezizwana.

Isilinganiso ukwanda kwabantu e-Afrika - abantu abangu-30 square kilometre. ukufuduka kwabantu beya emadolobheni ezingeni futhi ongaphakeme futhi% 30 kuphela. Nokho, megacities enkulu ngokwanele. I enkulu wabo - lena Cairo, Lagos.

Afrika ukhuluma ayinkulungwane izilimi! Bomdabu (ikakhulukazi Afrika) kubhekwe Swahili Fula neCongo. Emazweni amaningi kuleli zwekazi babe isimo izilimi ezisemthethweni: kwesiNgisi, isiPutukezi kanye French. Uma sikhuluma izintandokazi zenkolo labantu bonke base Africa, iningi abakhileyo kuleli zwekazi bangamaSulumane futhi yamaKatolika. amaProthestani Common lapha eziningi.

Ekuphetheni ...

Afrika - nezwekazi ezishisayo emhlabeni. Isizathu salokhu - kule sikhundla esikhethekile ezindawo kuleli zwekazi.

izixhumanisi Geographical Afrika ezilandelayo: izwekazi elise phakathi 37 degree enyakatho latitude ngezinga 34-latitude eningizimu. Ngakho, enkabazwe uhlukanisa Afrika cishe ngesigamu, ukuze ubuso bayo uthola isamba esikhulu emisebeni yelanga.

Manje uyazi izici eziyinhloko zemvelo lwase-Afrika, izixhumanisi amaphuzu okwedlulele insimu yalo.