Aluminium brand: izinhlobo, izakhiwo kanye nezicelo

Namuhla, i-aluminiyamu isetshenziswa cishe zonke izimboni, esukela ethonyeni eliyingozi ukukhiqizwa izitsha ukudla ziphethe ukudalwa fuselages we mkhathi. Ngenxa yalezi nezinye izinqubo yokukhiqiza afaneleka amamaki abathile kuphela aluminium ezithinta izakhiwo ezithile physicochemical. I izakhiwo eziyinhloko we metal - high conductivity ezishisayo, ductility, futhi plasticity, ukugqwala ukumelana, isisindo ukukhanya ongaphakeme ukumelana ohmic. Ziyakwazi ngokulingana ngqo iphesenti ukungcola ngezithako zawo, kanye nobuchwepheshe ukukhiqiza noma ingcebo. Ngakho, ezicezile ezinkulu brand aluminium.

izinhlobo aluminiyamu

Yonke imikhiqizo metal echazwe futhi kufakwe uhlelo eyodwa neyaziwayo namazinga kazwelonke international: EN European, American ASTM International ISO. Ezweni lethu brand aluminium kuchazwe GOST 11069 futhi 4784. Ngo wonke amadokhumenti ka -aluminiyamu futhi Alloys yayo ezibhekwa ngokwehlukile. Uma lokhu metal ngokwayo sehlukaniswe emabanga kanye Alloys kungukuthi Icaciswe izimpawu.

Ngokuhambisana namazinga kazwelonke international kufanele bahlukanise ezimbili izinhlobo microstructure aluminium unalloyed:

• nobumsulwa okusezingeni eliphezulu iphesenti ezingaphezu kuka 99,95%;
• grade lobuchwepheshe, lelicuketse 1% ukungcola kanye izithasiselo.

Njengoba ukungcola yensimbi ne-silicon compounds kubhekwe kaningi. Esikhathini ngamazwe ISO indinganiso aluminium futhi Alloys yayo labelwe eziningi esihlukile.

aluminium brand

uhlobo Kobuchwepheshe Sihlukaniswe saba amamaki athile, lesiniketwe namazinga okuhambisanayo, isb AD0 ngokuvumelana GOST 4784-97. Esikhathini ngezigaba kuhlanganisa metal imisindo eliphezulu ukuze zibangela ukudideka. Lokhu esifakiwe brand ezilandelayo:

1. Eyisisekelo (A5, A95, A7E).
2. Technical (AD1, AD000, DT).
3. I deformable (AMg2, D1).
4. Foundry (VAL10M, AK12pch).
5. Ukuze steel deoxidizing (AV86, AV97F).

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigaba zihlukanisiwe nabanye abantu futhi ligatures - aluminium compounds zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza Alloys zegolide, isiliva, platinum nezinye izinsimbi eziyigugu.

aluminium eyinhloko

aluminium eyisisekelo (A5 uphawu) - isibonelo samambala laleli qembu. It kuveza ekwandiseni alumina. Emvelweni, insimbi injalo emsulwa ayenzeki ngenxa reactivity yaso ephezulu. Ixhuma kwenye izakhi, it yakha bauxites, nepheline futhi alunite. Ngemva kwalokho, lezi imikhando kukhona alumina, futhi ukusuka lapho ngosizo chemical eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinqubo ngokomzimba - aluminium okumsulwa.

GOST 11069 usungula nezimfuneko emabanga aluminiyamu eyinhloko, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ngokusebenzisa emapheshana mpo futhi enezingqimba anemibala ehlukene kanye ayohlala. Lokhu kwaziswa ithole ukusetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni zezimboni eziphambili, ikakhulu lapho impahla eluhlaza kudinga okusezingeni eliphezulu izici lobuchwepheshe.

aluminium lobuchwepheshe

Technical ngokuthi aluminium impahla kanye iphesenti ndaba angaphandle engaphansi kuka-1%. Isikhathi esining impela futhi ibizwa nangokuthi i undoped. Technical grade alumina GOST 4784-97 babe namandla aphansi kakhulu kodwa okusezingeni eliphezulu ukugqwala ukumelana. Ngenxa ukungabikho e indlela yokwakheka alloying metal izinhlayiya phezu kobuso ngokushesha kwakhiwa zokuzivikela oxide ifilimu okuyinto uzinzile. Izitembu ezahlukene aluminium lobuchwepheshe kanye conductivity enhle ezishisayo kagesi kanye. Ngo ngehele yamangqamuzana yabo nhlobo ukungcola okuyinto ahlakaze electron ukugeleza. Ngenxa lezi izakhiwo, indaba kabanzi Instrumentation, ekukhiqizeni Ukushisa ukushisa imishini exchange, ukukhanyisa izihloko.

aluminium ekhandiwe

Kushiwo ekhandiwe aluminium impahla, okuyinto ngaphansi zokusebenza ashisayo nabandayo: kweqa, ngokucindezela, ukudweba kanye nezinye izinhlobo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusonteka plastic yalo etholwe semifinished ezahlukene kwesigaba longitudinal: aluminium induku, ishidi, strip, ipuleti, namanye amaphrofayli. Okukhulu brand impahla deformable lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa ezifuywayo, ahlelwe iziqondiso: GOST 4784, OCT1 92014-90, OCT1 90048 futhi OCT1 90026. Isici sici feedstock zikhubazekile kuyinto okuqinile isixazululo isakhiwo wokuqukethwe lelisetulu eutectic - esigabeni ketshezi elisetendeni lizama ukuzivumelanisa nendawo ezimbili noma ngaphezulu state okuqinile.

Ububanzi aluminium deformable njengoba omunye lapho isicelo aluminium induku, kuyinto ehluke ebanzi. Isetshenziselwa ezindaweni ezidinga okusezingeni eliphezulu izici lobuchwepheshe of indaba - e boat- futhi emoyeni, futhi emasayithini ukwakhiwa njengoba ingxubevange Welding.

aluminium Foundry

Foundry grade aluminium osetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa izihloko okwenyanga. sici lawo eliyinhloko uhlobo inhlanganisela okusezingeni eliphezulu amandla athile kanye kwabantu ongaphakeme, okuvumela ukuba waphonsa izinto ezakheke eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle ngokuhlaziya.

Ngokusho injongo yabo, ekubunjweni amamaki zihlukaniswe amaqembu:

1. izinto afakwe ezimvilophini (AL2, AL9, AL4M).
2. Izinto ngamandla okusezingeni eliphezulu nokushisa ukumelana (AL 19, AL5, AL33).
3. Izinto nge ukugqwala okusezingeni eliphezulu ukumelana.

Isikhathi esining impela, ukusebenza imikhiqizo eyenziwe aluminium asakazwe ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ukwelashwa ukushisa.

Deoxidation aluminiyamu

Ikhwalithi imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa kanye nethonya esinomthwalo Izakhiwo aluminium. Futhi ukusetshenziswa ongaphakeme-ebangeni izinhlobonhlobo okokusebenza akugcini ukudalwa imikhiqizo Lesisemkhatsini. Isikhathi esining impela isetshenziselwa deoxidation ensimbi - kokukhipha i-oksijini evela lesimbi elivuthako okuyinto ziyoncibilika ke futhi ngaleyo ndlela sithuthukisa izindawo mechanical kwensimbi. Ukuze afeze le nqubo, i-evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ibanga AV86 futhi AV97F.