Ama-fractures omhlathi: ukwelashwa. Ukuhlukaniswa kwemifantu ehlathini. Yini engozini ukuphulwa okukwenziwe nge-offset

Ukuhlukana komhlathi emisebenzini yezokwelapha kuvamile kakhulu. Odokotela bathi ukulimala komhlathi kunengxenye yesikhombisa yenani lezinhlupho.

Ukuze uqaphele inkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekile, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinhlobo ezikhona zokuhlukumeza kanye nezimpawu zabo.

Iyini ukuphulwa komhlathi?

Ama-fractures of the jaw abonisa ukulimala emhlathini kunoma iyiphi indawo, ehambisana nokuphulwa kobuqotho bezicubu ezizungezile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imisipha, izinzwa zomzimba, nezitsha zingathinteka.

Izimbangela zalolu hlobo lokulimala zihlukile, kodwa ngokuvamile zibangelwa umthelela womshini: ukushaya, ukuwa, ingozi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nokuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo okwenzeka ngenxa yenzalo yangaphandle emhlathini phambi kwezifo ezingapheli ezifana nesifo samathambo, i-osteomyelitis, izicubu. Ngakho-ke, e-osteomyelitis enamandla, izingxenye zethambo ziyafa, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwayo ngokuzenzakalelayo.

Indlela yokuqaphela ukuhlukana komhlathi

Kunezibonakaliso eziningana lapho kungenzeka khona ukuba uthathe ukuqubuka komhlathi:

1. Uma ulimele, umuntu uzwa ubuhlungu obukhulu.
2. Uma uzama ukuvula noma ukuvala umlomo wakho, ukukhunjulwa kwezinhlungu, ungase uzwe ukuchofoza.
3. Umhlathi ungadlulela ohlangothini.
4. Ngokuphuka okuvulekile, kukhona ukuphuka kwezicubu zobuso phezu komhlathi.
5. Esimweni lapho ukuphela kwesibindi kuthintekile, kukhona ukunganaki ngesikhathi sokuthinta ubuso.
6. Inhloko, isiyezi.

Izimpawu zingase zihluke, konke kuxhomeke ukuthi iyiphi ingxenye yethambo elonakalisiwe.

Ukuze unqume uhlobo lokulimala komhlathi, kufanele uthinte ngokushesha udokotela bese uhlaziya ukuhlaziya. Kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwangaphandle, ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray.

Ukuphuka komhlathi kuvame ukuhambisana nomonakalo ebuchosheni noma emgodini wesibeletho. Ukukhipha izinkinga ezinjalo, ukuhlaziywa okwengeziwe kwenziwa.

Izinhlobo zemifantu ehlathini

Ama-fractures emhlathini anesigaba esibanzi ngezindlela eziningana:

1. Ukuhlukaniswa ngento etiological noma causative:

• Ukuvela kwesisu somhlathi ngenxa yengozi;
• Ukuphuka komhlathi ngenxa yomzimba wezinthambo namathambo.

2. Ngokuya komugqa wokuhlukana:

• Longitudinal;
• Okuqondile;
• Obliques;
• Ifomu le-Zigzag;
• Oscholotye;
• I-Transverse.

3. Ngenani lezinhlayiya:

• Multiple;
• Single;
• Okubili;
• Okuthathu.

4. Kuye ngokuthi indawo yenzani:

• Ukuphuka komhlathi ophansi;
• Ukuphuka komhlathi ophezulu.

5. Izinga lokuphulwa komhlathi:

• Qedela;
• Akuphelele (ukuphahlazeka, ukuhlukana).

6. Ngokwezinga lokubandakanya izicubu ezithambile:

• Iziphuzo ezivaliwe - izicubu ezithambile azithintekile;
• Vula - ubuqotho bezicubu ezithambile buphukile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahlumela ehlathini yi:

• Ngeziphambeko futhi ngaphandle kokukhubazeka;
• Kuhlangene.

Ukwelashwa kokuphuka komhlathi omncane

Izimpawu eziyinhloko zezinsalela zomhlathi omncane yizi:

• Ubuhlungu;
• Ukungakwazi ukufuna ukudla ngenxa yesifo sobuhlungu;
• Ukungafihleki okungenzeka kunengqondo, izindebe;
• Indawo yokufaka indawo;
• I-nausea;
• Isiyezi.

Ngenkathi yokuxilongwa, udokotela, endaweni yokuqala, unquma isimo somzimba jikelele wesiguli. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukushaywa nokucindezelwa kulinganiswa. Ngemuva kwalokhu, i-tomography yenziwa ukuze ingabonakali ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu.

Phakathi nokuhlolwa kwangaphandle, amaphuzu abuhlungu, amaphutha, ama-hematomas anqunywa. Isivivinyo senziwa lapho isayithi lokukhwabanisa okusolakala khona. Emva kwalokho, ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kwenziwa.

Emagumbini, umhlathi ophansi unesakhiwo esincane kakhulu futhi ngisho nomthelela omncane noma omunye umonakalo kamuva, kungenzeka ukuphuka.

Ngokuvamile kunezinhlayiya ezimbili, ezintathu neziphindaphindiwe zomhlathi omncane. Ukwelashwa kokulimala okunjalo kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuthatha isikhathi eside sokuvuselelwa.

Ukwelapha

Uma kutholakala ukuphuka komhlathi omncane, ukwelashwa kufanele kulandelwe ngokushesha - lokhu kuzogwema izinkinga ezihlukahlukene.

Ngaphambi kokuthutha umuntu esikhungweni sezokwelapha, usizo lokuqala kufanele lunikezwe isiguli. Kudingekile ukulungisa umhlathi ophansi esimweni esisimayo nge-bandage noma nge-bandage.

Izindawo ezivame kakhulu zokuphuka komhlathi omncane yizi:

• Ukubonakala kokuvula kwengqondo;
• Ephakathi komhlathi;
• Isithasiselo esihlanganisiwe;
• Amacembe omhlathi.

I-edema yezicubu ngokuvamile ihambisana nokuqhekeka komhlathi omncane. Ukwelashwa kuleli cala kuqala ngokusetshenziswa komshini obandayo. Ngemva kwalokhu, ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo, udokotela wenza inqubo yokuhlanganisa izingcezu zethambo, bese elungisa umhlathi wesikhathi sonke sokwelashwa.

Amathambo omhlathi ongaphansi angagcinwa ngendwangu ye-nylon noma ucingo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwelapha okulwa nokuvuvukala kwenziwa, amavithamini kanye nama-agent anqunyelwe ukuqinisa ingculazi.

Ukuphuka komhlathi ophezulu

Umhlathi ophezulu uyithambo elihlanganisiwe, liphakathi nendawo ebusweni futhi libandakanye ekwakheni kwendawo yomlomo, umlomo, i-orbit. Ukuphuka komhlathi ophezulu kuyingozi kakhulu. Okokuqala, i-skull ingathinteka. Okwesibili, kukhona ingozi yokuncintisana noma ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo esinjengesi-meningitis.

Ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezijwayelekile, ukuqubuka komhlathi ongaphezulu kungahambisana ne-hemorrhage, i-hematomas endaweni yamehlo, umbono okhubazekile, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi. Imisebenzi yokuphefumula kanye nemisebenzi yokubala iyinkimbinkimbi. Uma umuntu engakwazi ukuphefumula, i-airways futhi umlomo kufanele ukhululeke ekuphazamiseni imizimba yangaphandle.

Ngalokhu kulimala, kungenzeka ukuphuma kwegazi. Ukumisa, kufanele ufake i-tampon noma i-bandage yokucindezela.

Kunzima ngokuhlukumeza komhlathi

Kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuhlukumeza komhlathi okwehla, okukhona ukwephulwa kwendawo evamile yezingcezu zethambo. Kungenzeka ukuthi iphelele futhi ingaphelele.

Ukuqedwa okuphelele - ukuxhumana phakathi kwezingxenye zethambo kuphukile.

Akuphelelanga - ubuhlobo phakathi kwezingxenye zethambo aluphuli noma buphulwe kancane.

Ukuqhekeka komhlathi ophansi ne-displacement okokuqala kudinga ukuhlanganisa iziqephu, ukususa i-edema, emva kwalokho okudingekayo kube nokulungiswa okuqinile.

Endabeni yokuphuka komhlathi ophezulu , kuvame ukudingeka ukuba uyilule. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa idivaysi ekhethekile yama-orthopedic, ebuyisela kancane kancane ithambo elamelekile endaweni efanele.

Ukulimala okunjalo kuyingozi kakhulu, ngoba kungabangela ukuba u-asphyxia, okungaholela ekufeni uma kunikezwa usizo olungapheli. Ukuze uvimbele ukuqubuka, kudingekile ukuhlanza umlomo womzimba wezizwe zangaphandle, igazi, bese ubeka umuntu endaweni engezansi, ubheke phansi, ubeke ingubo eboshwe noma izingubo ngaphansi kwesifuba.

I-splint ekuqhekekeni komhlathi

Indlela eyinhloko yokwelapha imfucumfucu yomhlathi iwubucwebe obukhulu-ukulungisa iziqephu ezinomshini okhethekile wocingo noma ipulasitiki.

Kukhona izinhlobo ezilandelayo zokukhazimula:

1. I-one-side - isetshenziselwa ukuqhekeka kwesigamu somhlathi. Ifoni isetshenzisiwe, enamathele endaweni emelekile.
2. I-double-side - ucingo luqinile kakhulu, izingwegwe namasongo kufakwa ngaphezulu.
3. Umhlathi wesibili - esetshenziselwa ukuphulwa kwemifino engenhla nephansi ne-displacement. Usetshenziselwa ucingo lwezethusi, oluqondiswe emazinyo bese lulungisa izintambo zombili ngezinsimbi zenjoloba.

Isondo elinomhlathi we-fracture lingabuye libe ipulasitiki. Ubekwa ngaphansi kwesigunci, ugijimela emathunjini futhi ulungiswe nge-bandage ezungeze ikhanda. Kodwa le ndlela, njengomthetho, isetshenziselwa uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-shinirovanie ephuthumayo (isibonelo, ekuthuthweni kwesiguli esikhungweni sezokwelapha) liyadingeka.

Uma umuntu enomhlathi ophukile, ububanzi buyenziwa ngokuqinile emva kokuhlanganisa lezi zingcezu. Amadivayisi wokulungisa angaphandle angadingeka futhi.

Izinkinga ezingenzeka

Izinkinga ezingenzeka ezinhlanjeni zomhlathi ophezulu nangaphansi ziyi:

• I-Sinusitis;
• Osteomyelitis;
• Ukuhlanganiswa okungalungile kwezingcezu;
• Ukuhlanganyela kungamanga.

I-Genyantritis ivame ukwenzeka ngokuhlukumeza komhlathi ophezulu futhi ngenxa yokutholakala kwezono zama-maxillary ezincane ezingxenyeni zamathambo.

I-Osteomyelitis - inkinga ephindaphindiwe ekuqhekekeni komhlathi omncane. Kuyinto ukwakheka purulent okuthinta ithambo. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo, ama-antimicrobial, physiotherapy, namavithamini anqunywe.

Ukuhlukunyezwa komhlathi okungalungile kungahle kwenzeke kumacala alandelayo:

• Isiguli sekwephuzile saphendukela esikhungweni sezokwelapha;
• Umbuso wezokwelapha waphazamiseka;
• Lapho kutholakala umhlathi, ubukhazikhazi buqhutshwa ngendlela ekhethiwe.

Ukulungisa isimo kungenzeka ukuhlinzwa (ngokuphindaphindiwe nokwenza) noma ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokukhipha.

Amanga ahlangene angenzeka nge-osteomyelitis, ukuphulwa komhlathi ngokuhamba kweminyango ethile. Ukwelashwa kuvele ngokushesha.

Ukuvuselelwa

Isikhathi sokuphumula ngemuva kokuphuka komhlathi kuhlanganisa izigaba ezilandelayo:

1. Ukulungiswa kweziqephu. Isondo lisetshenziselwa ukuphulwa komhlathi kanye nezinye izinhlobo zokulungisa izinto.
2. I-anti-inflammatory therapy. Kuhlanganisa ukwemukelwa kwama-antibiotics, izidakamizwa ze-antitifungal nokubuyisela.
3. Lungisa ukuhlanzeka komlomo. Kuthathwa udokotela kanye nesiguli. Iqukethe ekuhlanzeni isondo, amazinyo kusuka ezinsalela zokudla, ukwelashwa komlomo womlomo nama-ejenti ekhethekile antimicrobial. Nsuku zonke kufanele uhlanza isisombululo soda, futhi emva kokudla usebenzisa ama-antiseptics.
4. I-Physiotherapy iyi-gymnastics ekhethekile ehlose ukubuyisela imisebenzi yomhlathi. Ukuzivocavoca kufanele kuqale kusukela osukwini lokuqala lokulimala, ukuvimbela ukwakhiwa kwezibazi futhi ugweme izinkinga ezifana nokuhlukunyezwa komhlathi okungafanele.

Ukuze ubuyisele yonke imisebenzi yomhlathi, kufanele wenze izivocavoca nsuku zonke. Umgomo wayo ukuthuthukisa imisipha, amalunga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza ukunyakaza okuhamba phambili, bese uqhubekela phambili ekubizeni izinhlamvu nemisindo, uvula umlomo wakho kabanzi. Ungakwazi ukulingisa ukunyakaza kwe-chewing. Ekuqaleni, kuyobangela ubuhlungu, kodwa kancane kancane ukunganaki kuyodlula.

Uma ingane ilimele ...

Ngokwezibalo, lolu hlobo lomonakalo lubonakala kubafana abaneminyaka engama-6 kuya kwengu-14, okungukuthi, phakathi nenkathi yokwenyuka komsebenzi wemoto, inani lezingozi liyehla. Emantombazaneni, ubudlelwane obunjalo, ukukhubazeka kweziqhekeko kusukela eminyakeni yobudala akuphawulwanga. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kulimala akujabulisi kakhulu, kodwa okubi kakhulu ukuthi kuhambisana nokulimala kwe-craniocerebral, ukwephulwa kobuqotho kwamanye amathambo nama-soft tissue. Akunconywa ngokucacile ukuba ahlanganyele emsebenzini wokwenza umsebenzi. Ngokusola okuncane kakhulu kokuphuka, kufanele ufune ngokushesha usizo lochwepheshe.

Uma uvakashela udokotela, umlando wezokwelapha uhlelwa. Akunakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuxilonga ukuhlukunyezwa komhlathi, ngakho-ke lochwepheshe usho ukuthi ucwaningo lwe-x ray. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yayo, umuthi wokwelapha ulungisiwe. Inqubo yokuvuselelwa ayifani neze neyichazwe ngenhla.

Imithetho yokudla

Ngenxa yokuthi ekwenzeni ukwelashwa nokuvuselelwa imishanguzo isendaweni ehleliwe, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulungise ukudla ngendlela efanele. I-bone fuses phakathi nenyanga (okungenani), futhi sonke lesi sikhathi kufanele sidle ukudla okuketshezi.

Ama-fractures of the jaws asho ukudla ukudla okungesilo okwedlula ukhilimu omuncu ngokuvumelana kwawo. Imenyu eseduze ingaba nesobho ngezitshalo ezigayiwe, izithelo ze-purees, imikhiqizo yobisi, ama-broths, okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene. Ngemva kokukhipha isondo, udinga ukuqala ukudla okuqinile kancane kancane, ukuze ungabhubhisi izinkinga zokugaya ukudla.

Ukudla kwasekuseni kungabandakanya ingilazi yogurt, i-oatmeal ye-liquid, i-apula puree.

Kwasemini, ungakwazi ukupheka noma yikuphi okusanhlamvu, umhluzi wenkukhu noma unogwaja, uphuze ingilazi yejusi le-orange.

Njengokudla okulula ungasebenzisa imikhiqizo yobisi omuncu. Ukuze sidle ukudla, kufanele ukhethe isobho esincane esincane sezambane, i-puree yezithelo.