Amafomu ezandla. Isihlangu somzimba. Ukwakhiwa kwejazi lezingalo

Kusukela ekubukeni kwezindlovu, izingubo zezingalo zaziyingxenye ebaluleke kunazo zonke ezakhiweni zesitembu. Zazihluka kuye ngokwesiko nobuzwe bomnikazi.

Umsuka wezingalo

Kusukela ekubukeni kwe-heraldry, izinhlobo zezingalo ziyizihlobo zesikhombiso somzimba. Lesi sici siyisisekelo sanoma yisiphi isibalo esamukelwe njengesibonakaliso ngemindeni nemithonya enamandla. EYurophu ephakathi, ukuma kwezikhali kwakuxhomeke ezinkathini zempi, ezingekho kuwo.

Ngenkathi yobukhosi, ethandwa kakhulu kwakuyisihlangu esiyingqayizivele. Nguye owaba yi-harbinger yazo zonke izidakamizwa zakudala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ezinye izilungiselelo zaqala ukuvela, okwakuxhomeke kakhulu ekucabangeni naseqophelweni lomculi. Izingubo zokuqala zezingalo zazikopisha amafomu abo kuphela ezikhungweni zangempela, ezashintsha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezikhali zasendulo.

Lapho uhlaka lwangempela luqala ukuveza indlela abaculi abazitholayo ngayo, izincwadi zezincwadi eziqalayo zaqala ukugcwala inani elikhulu lokuhluka. Njengoba kwase kuyisibonakaliso, wonke umnikazi wengubo yakhe yezandla wazama ukuthola inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yezinto kanye namajamo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngisho nezikole zezwe ezinamaphetheni abo kanye namasiko azozalwa.

Amafomu kanye nezinhlobo zezikhali

Ezamakhompiyutha zanamuhla, izihlangu zasendulo ziyahlukahluka. Kuphelele kunamaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye kubo: ama-Varangi, isi-Italian, iSpanishi, isiFulentshi, i-Byzantine, isiNgisi, i-rhombic, isiJalimane nesikwele. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zezandla zazithandwa kakhulu. Abanye babo babizwa ngokuvumelana nesiko lesizwe, nakuba empeleni babenezilinganiso zejometri. Isihlangu sokumemezela ngesimo soxantathu sabizwa ngokuthi i-Varangian, i-oval - isiNtaliyane, eyayizungezwe phansi kwesigcawu - iSpain.

Kwakunezibalo eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa zihlangane kaningi kakhulu. Izinhlangothi zangakwesokunxele nezingakwesokunxele zesibonakaliso zenziwa kusukela ekubukeni komuntu ophethe isihlangu, hhayi ohlangothini lombukeli. Lona omunye wemithetho ebaluleke kakhulu ku-heraldry, okuyinto ngokuvamile engaziwa kwabasha.

Isihlangu saseFrance

Okuvamile kakhulu kwakuyizingubo zesiFulentshi. Ukuma kwalo kufana ne-quadrangle ngesisekelo esibukhali. Izingalo ezinjalo zazivame kakhulu eRussia. Izimpawu ngalezi ziqephu zathatha imindeni ehloniphekile edumile kanye namadolobha wesifundazwe ekhulwini le-XIX. Ifomu lesimanje lezembatho zaseRashiya nayo yenziwa ngesiko lesiFulentshi.

Ungachaza kanjani ukuthandwa okunjalo? Ukuma kwesigqoko sezandla zaseRussia (okungukuthi, isiFulentshi esisodwa) sinikeza isikhala esiphezulu samahhala esithombeni esivela kulo mfanekiso. Isihlangu esinjalo sisebenza kakhulu kusukela ekubukeni komculi. Ingubo yesiFulentshi ingabonakalisa ukwakheka okunzima kakhulu nokuqala.

I-German Shield

Okubunzima kakhulu kwakuyisihlangu sesiJalimane. Ngendlela yayo enqenqemeni kwakuyi-notch. Lesi siko esiyinkimbinkimbi sasungulwa njengesivikelo sangempela sesihlangu saseJalimane. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-tarch. Yayisetshenziselwa ama-West European knights wekhulu le-XIII-XVI. I-Tharch ibonakale ngisho nasezinkathini zaseRashiya. I-tooth kuyo yayidingeka ukuze kulungiswe umkhonto, ongasetshenziselwa ukunqoba isitha. Izingalo zama-knights zaseJalimane ngokuvamile zazihlanganisa nalesi sici somdwebo wefomu.

I-Tarchi yanda kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngekhulu le-13. Zingenziwa ezinhlotsheni zezihlahla ezitholakalayo. Lezi zinto zazifinyeleleka kakhulu kunensimbi. Ukuze kuvikeleke okukhulu, i-tarch yayigcwele ubuningi. Ngakho-ke, e-heraldry, isikhumba sezilwane sivame ukulingiswa kulo mfanekiso. Incazelo yengubo yezingalo ayikwazanga ukwenza ngaphandle kokukhuluma izinto ezivela kuso isihlangu. Lesi sici sigcizelele ukuthi umnini womuntu oyedwa noma owodwa. Imindeni enezintambo ezicebile ingakwazi ukukhokhela insimbi, ngokulandelana, iboniswe uphawu lwazo.

Dissection

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungenza kanjani izikhali zomndeni wakho, udinga ukwazi kuphela ukuma kwezihlangu, kodwa nezinye izici zobuciko zobuciko. Omunye wabo uyisiko sokuhlukanisa izibalo ezingxenyeni eziningana. Abaculi basebenzisa i-dissection, i-intersection, kanye nemigqa ye-diagonal. Bakuvumela ukuba uhlukanise isihlangu esihlelekile ukuze kube nemibala eminingana ngaso leso sikhathi. I-palette ehlukahlukene ingenye yamathuluzi athandwa kakhulu adingekayo ukwenza umdwebo uyingqayizivele futhi ubonakale.

Ngosizo lwemigqa ehambisanayo kungenzeka ukuthi unqume futhi ugcizelele ukubaluleka kwengxenye ethile yesihlangu. Isibonelo, lokhu kuhlukanisa ikhanda noma phezulu kwesibonakaliso. Uma i-strip diagonal iwela sonke isihlangu, khona-ke le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi i-sling.

Isiphambano

Esinye esibaluleke kakhulu esibaluleke kakhulu yisiphambano. Izingalo zama-knights zazivame ukufaka isithombe saloluphawu. Kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi eYurophu isiphambano kwakuyisibonakaliso esiyinhloko sobuKristu, ngenxa yokuthi sasetshenziswa kaningi kangakanani. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lesi simbozo sempilo sathola umoya wesibili. Waqala ukubonisa ngaphandle kokubheka incazelo yokuqala yamaKristu. I-universality of the cross ingaqinisekiswa kalula ngomlando wonke womuntu. Imidwebo enjalo yasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuzalwa kwe-heraldry. Isibonelo, kwabeZizwe isiphambano sasifana nokukhulekelwa kwelanga.

Uma ijazi lezingalo lixhuma izigqoko ezimbili, ujwayele amaRussia uphawu lwezemikhumbi. Lona yilokho okuthiwa u-Andreevsky cross, okungatholakala futhi efulethini laseScotland nakweminye imihlambululo eminingi. Ezinye izinhlobo zalesi simboli esivamile zingaba lula ukunciphisa noma ezinye izandiso zokuhlobisa (ukujikeleza, izinothi, njll).

Amanye amajamo wejometri

Ngaphezu kokusikwa nokuwela, e-heraldry kunezibalo eziningana ezijwayelekile zomzimba, ezithathwe ngesihlangu. Lolu hlu lubandakanya: isikwele, umngcele, unxantathu, iphuzu, umugqa, umbuthano, i-rhombus, i-spindle, njll. Incazelo yengubo yezingalo iqukethe ukubhekisela kumanani akhishwe. Ngasekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-Middle Ages, isiko sibonakala sichaza izakhi ze-geometric emaceleni kwesihlangu. Le "ingxenye yamahhala" iyindlela ejwayelekile yokuphilisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlangu esikhulu, esakha yonke indlela yesembatho sezingubo, singaba nesihlangu esincane ngaphakathi kuyo. Lokhu kubuyiselwa kwaba yinto evamile yokwethula. Ngosizo lwe-flaps, umsuka wesigqoko sejazi lezikhali wayegcizelelwe.

Izibalo ezingezona ezehlukene

Kukhona elinye iqembu elikhulu lezingxenye zengubo yezikhali. Lezi zibalo zibizwa nangokuthi akuyona ingqondo. Zazihlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu: okufakelwayo, ezokwemvelo nezingokwemvelo. Njengomthetho, into ebonakala kakhulu yengubo yezingalo iyisibonelo esiyingqayizivele. Ngakho-ke, ama-knights (bese kuthiwa amadolobha) azama ukuveza okuthile okungavamile nokuqala esihlangu sabo.

Izibalo zemvelo zifaka imidwebo yezilwane nezinyoni. Abanikazi bezingalo bakhethwa ngokusho kwemfuyo yamazwe abo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho ye-heraldry ayikuvimbeli ukubonakaliswa kwemifula, izintaba - ngokujwayelekile, yonke leyo mvelo idale. Izibalo zokufakelwa kukhona imidwebo yezikhali nezikhali. Abathandekayo ikakhulukazi babengamaqhawe namaqhawe, abese begcizelela uthando lwabo lwezempi.

Ekugcineni, iqembu eliqhenya kakhulu nelingavamile lingabizwa ngokuthi yizibalo ezivelele. Lezi yimidwebo yezidalwa eziqanjiwe ezidumile e-heraldry. Ngisho namaKristu ashisekayo angabonisa ngezandla zabo ngamakhulu, ama-griffins nezinye izinhlamvu zezinganekwane zasendulo. Okudumile kunazo zonke kulolu chungechunge, mhlawumbe, isibalo se -ukhozi ophethe izinhlangothi ezimbili. Le nyoni enenganekwane iboniswe esigqokeni sezingalo zombuso waseByzantium. Ukusuka lapho, kanye nama-Orthodoxy nezinye izinto zamaGrisi, wathuthela eRussia. Ukhozi oluqala kokubili njengezibonakaliso zalo eMoscow lwaqala ukusebenzisa i-Ivan III ngekhulu le-XV.

Isitembu samatembu

Ingxenye ebalulekile yanoma yisiphi isibonakaliso ngaso sonke isikhathi kwakuyi-motto. Njengombhalo okhanda ukukhumbula ngekhanda, owaba uphawu lwezakhi, idolobha noma umbuso, wasetshenziswa. Kusukela ku-heraldry ama-mottos athuthela ezindabeni zempi nokuphila kwansuku zonke.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuma kwesigqoko sezingalo zomndeni, wayenesidingo esikhethekile esingaphansi. Isiqubulo sasibhalwe kuso. Emazweni aseKatolika, izinkulumo zamaphiko zesiLatin zasetshenziswa. Izingcaphuno ezivela eBhayibhelini noma eminye imibhalo yasendulo zazidumile. I-ribbon kanye nokubhalwa kuyo kubhalwe umbala wezingalo zensimbi.

Abanikazi beShield

Ezingubo ezinamandla kakhulu (ngokuvamile ezibukhosini noma ezinhlobonhlobo), ngokuvamile kwakusetshenziswa isilwane esingumzimba njengesihlangu sokuvikela. Wenezela ukwakheka okuyisisekelo. Isihlangu siphakathi, futhi abanikazi besihlangu baboniswa emaphethelweni. Ekuqaleni, izibalo zabantu zasetshenziselwa ikhwalithi yazo. Lesi siko satholwa ngenxa yezinkambiso zomdlalo, ezazihlale zikhona nabasizi bezimpi eziphethe umndeni wabo isihlangu.

Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lezi zibalo zaqala ukushintshwa izidalwa eziyinganekwane nezilo. Le ndlela ivumelekile ukuhlobisa ukwakheka okwemvelo ngaphezu kwalokho. Ukuze ukwazi ukwenza isembatho sezembatho, umuntu kufanele amele ngokunembile ukuthi ubani ongaboniswa njengomthengisi, futhi ongubani. Kunoma imuphi umdwebo ongokomfanekiso babela ukuqina namandla omnikazi wayo. Ngakho-ke, njengoba abaphathi besihlangu bevame ukuboniswa izidalwa ezinamandla: izingonyama, izinkozi, ama-giants, njll. Ukukhethwa kwabo bekulokhu kuphathwa kahle.

Kukhona amacala lapho abanikazi bezihlangu behluke komunye nomunye. Isibonelo, isimo sinesigqoko sezandla zaseBrithani Great. Kuyo ngakwesokudla kukhona ingonyama ehloniphekile engonyama, futhi ngakwesobunxele - i-unicorn yesiliva yenganekwane. AmaKristu angama-Middle Ages ayengumuntu owaziwayo wengelosi njengomkhulumeli wasezulwini nomphathi. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kwempi, umlwi njalo wenza umthandazo, ngenkathi ephethe isihlangu naye. Kubanikazi abaningi bezinkolelo zezingalo, ukudweba kwabo kwakuyi-luckyman empini. Ukwahlukanisa isihlangu sakho nesithombe esicacile kwakubhekwa njengesibonakaliso esingenangqondo.