Amaminerali: izakhiwo nezinhlelo zokusebenza

Ezinkambisweni zokuqhaqhaza zezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinhlaka, ezihambisana nezidingo zokusebenza ezikhulayo, sebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile zokwakha. Njengomthetho, lezi azizona zonke izinto, kodwa ezikhethekile kakhulu, ezakhelwe ukusebenza ezimweni ezifudumele nezimswakama. Ama-insulators anjalo afaka amaplastiki aqoshiwe alandelayo: getinax, textolite, fiberglass, kanye nokuguqulwa kwawo. Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwamandla nezimfanelo zokushisa ukushisa, izinhlanganisela ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa ezakhiweni, kumadivaysi namadivaysi aphethwe ukuklama kwawo.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-plastiki aqoshiwe

Ububanzi bezicelo zalezo polymers zihluke kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amathuluzi omshini, imishini yezindiza, kanye nezimboni zokukhiqiza, kanye nokwakhiwa kwemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali. Nomaphi lapho kusetshenziswe khona ukufakwa kwegesi kagesi, izinto ezisetshenziselwa lolu hlobo ziyasetshenziswa. Kulesi simo, umuntu akakwazi ukukhuluma nge-universal yabo. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuguqulwa lapho ama-laminates amelwa khona. Ukusetshenziswa kwenguqulo ngayinye yokwakhiwa kuqondiswa indawo ethize. Isibonelo, ama-getinak afanele ekwakhiweni kwezingxenye ezingabizi ezingxenyeni zikagesi, futhi izinsimbi zamatshe ezenziwe ngamapulangwe ngenxa yesakhiwo esiqinile zisetshenziselwa izindlela zobuchwepheshe. Insimu yokusetshenziswa kwe-textolite iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ibandakanya yonke imboni kagesi, izakhiwo ze-petrochemical, kanye nokwenza izinsimbi ezincane.

Yiziphi amaplastiki laminated akhiqizwa?

Ipulasitiki egqinsiwe yinto ehlanganiswayo, esekelwe kwi-binder polymeric. Ukuqinisa isisekelo sokusebenza, ukugcwalisa ukugcizelela okugqinsiwe kuyasetshenziswa futhi. Ngamanye amazwi, ama-plastiki aqoshiwe ayinhlanganisela yezingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko ezimelelwe yi-block and filler. Njengoba isithako sokuqala, izinhlayiya zemvelo ezisetshenziswayo ziyasetshenziswa. Lokhu kungaba polyester, epoxy, phenol-formaldehyde nezinye izinto. Futhi, ukusetshenziswa kwe-polymers kuxhaphakile, okuphakathi kwawo okuyizinto ezenziwe nge-organosilicon kanye nezinto zokwenziwa komfutho. Ngokuphathelene nokugcwalisa, lo msebenzi ungenziwa ngezinto zokusetshenziswa zendabuko njengendlela ye-asbestos namafayili ephepha le-cellulose.

Izici zamaplastiki aqoshiwe

Esiklanyweni sobuciko, i-laminate yikhasi leshidi elibekiwe ngendlela yamaphaneli avamile. Izinhlobo ezincane ezingavamile. Ubuningi bamashidi bungaba ngu-0.4 kuya ku-50 mm, kuye ngokuhlukahluka nokubunjwa kwe-insulator. Futhi ubukhulu obude nobubanzi buhlukile. Iphaneli ejwayelekile ye-fiberglass, isibonelo, inesilinganiso se-1200x1000 mm. Izimfanelo zokusebenza ezibethelwa ngamaplastiki zinezindlela zokumelana nezimo ezahlukene zokushisa. Futhi, umzila ovamile wepulasitiki ejwayelekile yalolu hlobo uhluka -60 ° C kuya ku-120 ° C. Uma ukuguqulwa okungeziwe kufakiwe, leli hlu lingadluliselwa.

Izakhiwo ze-fiberglass

Ukusebenza kwalesi siPlastiki kunqunywa ukubunjwa kwalo, okufaka izingxenye eziningana ze-fiberglass, ehlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe bokucindezela okushisayo. I-binder kule nkinga iyinxenye ye-thermoset epoxy-phenolic. Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo ezihlinzekwa ngamaplastiki aqoshiwe alolu hlobo zibandakanya ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuvikelwa emiphumeleni emibi yomswakama kanye namandla amashini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokungafani nezinhlanganisela eziningi, ingilazi-textolite iyinhlangano engokwenyama yemvelo eyenza insimu yesicelo sayo. Futhi, ukuheha kwayo emakethe kukhuthazwa yizimfanelo ze-dielectric ezengeziwe nokuqina.

Properties Getinax

Okunye ukuhluka okuvamile kwe-laminate, okusetshenziselwa njengezinto zokugesi kagesi. Izakhiwo zokusebenza zalesi sakhi zithathwa yi-substrate yephepha ephethwe ngxube ye-phenolic noma i- epoxy resins.

Le ipulasitiki ayikwazi ukuziqhenya ngenhlanganisela yezimfanelo ezinjengokumelana nemishini nokukwazi ukubhekana nokushisa okukhulu. Noma kunjalo, i-substrate, eguquguqukayo ngokucubungula, yenza kube lula ukwakha amabhodi wesifunda aphrintiwe kwanoma yisiphi isayizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yizona zeplastiki ezishibhile ezakhiwe ngamatshe, ezenza ukuba zisetshenziswe kakhulu ekwenzeni izinsimbi. Kule ndaba, ikakhulukazi, izingxenye ezigxotshiwe zikhishwa ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe bezinto ezincane ezisebenza ngamakhaya.

Properties of textolite

Lezi zinto zakhiwe kusuka emikhanyeni yekotini ngokucindezela ngokushisa ngokuhlanganisa ama-thermosetting binders iqembu le-phenol-formaldehyde. Kuyinto yokusetshenziswa kwesisekelo sezindwangu esinikeza i-textolite ngamandla amakhulu okucindezela, kanye nokuqina. Isisekelo singasetshenziswa kalula ngokugaya, ukusika nokusika. Lekhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo inqume ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekukhiqizeni izakhi zezobuchwepheshe ezithonywa yimithwalo kagesi kanye nemishini.

Kulesi simo, kunezigaba eziningana lapho i-plastiki elayishwe khona impahla ihlukaniswa. Izakhiwo zesigaba sokuqala zivezwa ngendlela yokukhukhumeza kagesi okwandisa, okuvumela ukuthi leyo nto isetshenziswe kokubili emoyeni emoyeni nasemanzini e-transformer. Isigaba sesibili sibonakala ngezimpahla ezikhulayo, ngakho izingxenye zeplastiki zaleli qembu zivame ukwenziwa yizingxenye, ezibhekene nokucindezeleka ngokomzimba. Kukhona nokuguqulwa okukhethekile kwe-textolite, eyenzelwe ukusetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.

Izakhiwo zamaplastiki ezinamapulangwe

Umehluko omkhulu wokwakha phakathi kokufaka izinto zokuzivikela zalolu hlobo luwukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni njengendlela yokugcwalisa . Ngokuyinhloko, i-composite ihlanganiswa ngamashidi we-veneer ehlutshiwe ngobukhulu be-0.3-0.6 mm. Ngama polymers, izinto ezibonakalayo ziboshwe ngama-resin zokwenziwa komshini. Ngenxa yalokho, izinto ezihlangene zithola izakhiwo zokuvuselela ezithuthukisiwe, ukumelana nemidiya enobudlova ngisho nama-abrasives amanye ama-plastiki aqoshiwe ayikwazi ukumelana.

Izakhiwo, izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kulokhu kunqunywa ukuhlanganiswa kwesethi yonke yezici. Izimfanelo zokusebenza zalolu daba azibonakaliswa nje ngokuvikeleka ngokomzimba, kodwa futhi ngokumelene nokunyakaza, izakhiwo ze-dielectric, nangokugcina ukuqina ekushiseni okuphansi okungenani--250 ° C. Ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa, izinto zokugcoba izinkuni zihlanganiswa ngempumelelo ezindleleni zezingxenye zokuqhaqhazela, ukubheja okubhebhezelayo, amasango omzimba kanye nezinye izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe.

Isiphetho

Izingxenye zanamuhla zakhiwe ekuqaleni ukuze zenze izinto eziphakeme kakhulu ezingase zithathele ezinye izinsimbi zensimbi. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhakha wokwakha wakwazi ukuthola okunye ukuqiniswa kwendabuko ngendlela yezintambo ze-fiberglass. Kanti, ama-plastiki aqoshiwe abe yindawo engcono yokufaka izitsha zendabuko. Azisetshenziswanga lapho kungokwezifiso ukubeka ama-panol noma ama-panork, kodwa izici ezikhethekile, lapho izici zezindlela ezijwayelekile zalolu hlobo zinganele, zikwazi ukwenza amakhemikhali amasha ahlanzekile. Kodwa-ke, ukuvela kwesikhathi esizayo kwalezi zinxephezelo ezingxenyeni zokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya akufakiwe. Kunoma yikuphi, ukulimala kwemvelo kwe-fiberglass kungabamba iqhaza kulokhu.