Amandla we-geothermal isipho esivela kuMama womhlaba

Ngesilinganiso samanje sokusetshenziswa kwamandla, isintu sekuyisikhathi eside sikhathazekile mayelana nemvelo ephelele yemithombo esetshenzisiwe, ikakhulukazi amafutha negesi. Futhi lokhu kukukwenza ucabange ngokusetshenziswa kwamanye, imithombo engeyona yendabuko yamandla. Njengomunye wemithombo enjalo, ngokusho kwamasu ososayensi, amandla we-geothermal angenza.

Ngokweqile, yiwona amandla lapho izifunda ezingaphansi komhlaba zikhona. Ngokusho kocwaningo lwesosayensi, kune-gradient yokushisa yama-20-30 ° C ngekhilomitha ngaphakathi. Ekujuleni kwe-10 km ngokuya phezulu, izinga lokushisa lingathola amanani aphakeme kakhulu (kufika ku-300 ° C). Lokhu lokushisa kwangaphakathi kuvumela ukuthola imithombo yamandla kagesi.

Kwezinye izimo, zibonakala futhi zisebenza ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe. Kwanele ukukhumbuza isigodi sama-geysers eKamchatka, noma kwezinye izindawo eziningi lapho izitshalo neziphethu ezishisayo zishaywa phansi. Leli geothermal energy ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa kuphela ukuze lisetshenziswe, kuyadingeka ukwakha imishini eyokwazi ukuwuthatha lawa magesi, futhi iyoba yinto ejwayelekile kakhulu kithi, ugesi ofanayo.

Kuze kube manje, kunezindlela ezimbili zokusebenzisa amandla geothermal:

- Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kokushisa;

- Isizukulwane sokuthenga.

Ngeshwa, ukusebenzisa ngokuqondile ukushisa kungenzeka kuphela ezindaweni ezithile, isibonelo, e-Iceland naseJapane. Ngale ndlela, amanzi ashisayo avela emithonjeni asetshenziselwa ukushisa amakamelo, noma ukufaka ama-exchange exchangers, ngokuvamile e-mines ngqo.

Ukukhiqiza ugesi, izitshalo ezikhethekile zamandla kagesi kufanele zakhiwe . Kulesi simo, amandla e-geothermal asetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningana:

-Kunjalo yi-steam eyomile, etholakala emayini eholela ezindaweni ezifudumele emhlabeni. Kulezi zimayini, amanzi aqhutshelwa ngaphakathi, aphuluke futhi aphenduke abe ngumusi. Leli steam elomile lingena emagqumeni e-turbine, okwenza i-generator armature ibe khona, okwenza lokhu kutholakale kwamandla kagesi;

- amanzi asetshenzisiwe, afika ngaphansi kwengcindezi kusukela ekujuleni kuya ku-evaporator, lapho ingcindezi ihla kakhulu, amanzi aphuphuma, futhi umphumela oholela emanzini okuqhuma, oguqula ngqo i-generator armature;

- okuthiwa "indlela kanambambili" isetshenziswa. Kulokhu, amandla geothermal aphuza amanzi. Lawa manzi angena emkhatsini wokushisa, lapho, ngenxa yokushintshanisa ukushisa, omunye umuntu othwala umshini wokushisa ophansi usuke efuthekile kunamanzi. I-steam ephumela ekungeneni kwe-turbine, futhi iqhuba ihange le generator elidala okwamanje.

Kuzo zonke lezi zimo, amanzi asele emva kwenqubo yokuphuza amanzi angasetshenziswa ukushisa amakamelo.

Ngalezo zindlela amandla geothermal angasetshenziselwa izidingo zomnotho.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi isiteshi sokuqala se-geothermal sakhiwe e-Italy kakade ngo-1904, sisasebenza nanamuhla. Kunezinye izitshalo eziningi ezifanayo ze-geothermal, eCalifornia, cishe ama-5% kagesi avela ezitshalweni zamandla kagesi, basebenza e-El Salvador nase-Iceland.

Imithombo ye-geothermal energy ayinakuphela futhi izikhathi eziningi zidlula izinqolobane ezitholakalayo zamafutha. Eziteshini zokushisa komhlaba, ukungalungi ukuthi kungatholakala ezindaweni lapho kuneziphethu ezishisayo. Kodwa-ke, iziteshi sezivele zakhiwe futhi zivivinyelwe ezivumela ukutholakala kwamandla we-geothermal kunoma iyiphi indawo.

Ngakho-ke, ulwazi olusenhla luvumela ukuthi sicabangele amandla okugcoba njengenye yezinketho zokuhlinzeka amandla ekunciphisweni kwemithombo yamanzi.