Izincwadi Russian kwekhulu lama-20, isikhathi ukwakheka, abameleli main

Umlando kwezincwadi Russian kwekhulu lama-20 iqala ngo 1881. Isikhathi zesikhashana phakathi nekhulu ubhekwa "yobudala esiliva" yayo (e phambili kwencwadi "Golden Age," Pushkin sika). Izinguquko yasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-20 leminyaka, Ukungqubuzana namasiko ehlukene kanye izindlela zokuphila ayikwazanga kodwa kuthinte isimo nezazi zokudala. abalobi abaningi abaneliswa incazelo kanye nokuhlaziywa izinkinga zenhlalo, abalobi abaningi bathoma ukucabanga imibuzo okuphakade yokufa nokuphila, ukuba khona okuhle nokubi. A nomthelela obalulekile isiko sikhathi, kwaba inkolo, lenkolo indaba ephathwayo isibe omunye imisebenzi eyisisekelo abalobi abaningi. izincwadi Russian kwekhulu lama-20 ithuthukiswe izimo ezintsha zomlando, okungakwazi kodwa zinethonya ke. nezazi-Creative wesikhathi uyaqonda ukuthi sezinguquko ezizayo empilweni wezwe, ngakho ekuphileni kwabo azinakugwenywa. Abanye basanda kuhlanganyela esabalindele ngenjabulo nethemba, elinye - sikhexe futhi horror, okuyinto yadluliselwa umfundi lapho ufunda imisebenzi yabo.

The Revolution of 1917 uhlukanisa izincwadi Russian langaleso sikhathi kwaba amakamu amabili: "yesigaba sabasebenzi" izincwadi futhi imisebenzi abathutha Russian. Ummeleli eliqavile wesibili Vladimir Nabokov, iningi imisebenzi yayo kubonakala kahle ekhaya.

izincwadi Russian kwekhulu lama-20 akuniké ezweni lethu kanye nasemhlabeni jikelele ngokuvamile, inani elikhulu Geniuses zezwi. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi izinkondlo. Imbongi we "Isiliva Ubudala" yilezi: UNikolai Gumilyov, Maximilian Voloshin, Anna Akhmatova, uSergei Yesenin, uVladimir Mayakovsky Aleksandr Blok, njll Amalungu yangaphambili izincwadi Soviet kukhona Yesenin futhi Mayakovsky. Umuntu owasungula le izincwadi okuthiwa emelene ngempela namaSoviet ubhekwa Aleksandru Blok, owabhala leyo minyaka le nkondlo "Ishumi nambili."

izincwadi Russian kwekhulu lama-20 umelwe yizinsika ezintathu: i-okwangempela, the tetemibhalo avant-garde kanye yesimanjemanje, ngasinye sazo selihlukene laba ezindaweni eziningana. Ngakho, yesimanjemanje okuqaliswe ukuthuthukiswa acmeism kanye afanekiselayo. abameleli Ezivelele wale mithandazo kwakuyilawa: Valery Bryusov, uKonstantin Balmont, Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Andrei Bely, u-Alexander Blok. Abasunguli be-Russian acmeism etemibhalo kubhekwe Anna Akhmatova, Osip Mandelstam, uNikolai Gumilyov.

Enye yezindawo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ubuciko kwezincwadi emashumini yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 kuyinto ukuvuselelwa amafomu nengxenye ukhohliwe romantic. Ukudala Aleksandra Grina emangalisayo indiza engapheli fantasy reverie. Umsebenzi abasebenzi wamavukelambuso izimbongi zilotshiwe ngendlela ekhethekile, romance entsha yesigaba sabasebenzi. Izimbongi Nechayev, Privalov, Tarasov e izinganekwane zabo, izingcingo futhi emasha poeticizes nobuqhawe feat, unezela ezinemibala egqamile e zabo incazelo kukhanya, umlilo, ukushona kwelanga, entathakusa njengegazi.

Kusukela ekuqaleni ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, abaningi abalobi Soviet uvele enkundleni yempi. Imisebenzi le nkathi zalotshelwa ulimi effervescent, umqondo ababekhathazeke ngayo kakhulu kwakuwukutholela alwe wobushiqela. Ngokuqinisekile uzinake izinkondlo yokushisekela izwe Ana Akhmatova, Tvardovsky, Tikhonov. Phakathi nempi, abalobi ngokwethukela ephendukela uhlobo ngokushesha kakhulu izincwadi: tindzaba, tindzaba letimfisha, imibiko kanye amapheshana.

izincwadi Russian Engxenyeni kwekhulu lama-20 yesibili imelelwa izinhlobo eziningana, kwi ukwakheka okuyinto zibe nomthelela omkhulu: Stalinism, "uma kuncibilika iqhwa", yokujama tsi, yokwakha kabusha. izincwadi Russian esiye sabhekana nalo endleleni yakhe eningi nobunzima, ngezinye izikhathi sihlangabezana ukunakekelwa isimo, ngezinye izikhathi ukuba cishe ngokuphelele ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa yakhe. Namuhla, izincwadi Russian kwekhulu lama-20 wamukelwe emhlabeni wonke, imisebenzi abalobi Soviet zifundwa ekudeni, isuswe amabhayisikobho, isigaba udlala yeshashalazi. Le ndoda nifunde ukuphila imisebenzi uSolzhenitsyn, Sholokhov, Bulgakov, walahlekelwa ngempela lukhulu ...