Ammonia Production

umkhakha Nitric namuhla - omunye izimboni ehola. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-ammonia kwasakazekela kubantu ifriji (R717, a refrigerant), imithi (isixazululo ammonia noma i utshwala ammonia aqueous), ezolimo (umquba).

ukunakwa Primary ikhokhelwa ukukhiqizwa nitrogen umquba (okusho - futhi eziyisisekelo zabo, kuhlanganise i-ammonia, okuyiwona Demand liye landa kule minyaka engamashumi amabili, 20%).

Kodwa ukukhiqizwa ammonia ihlukile, okokuqala kunakho konke, amandla aphezulu. Lonke nomlando walo ukukhiqizwa - umzabalazo zokunciphisa amandla asetshenziswa (mechanical, ezishisayo, kagesi).

Wembulela zamagama ammonia ifomula:

N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3 + Q

I yokusabela exothermic, esethola, nokungawuvivinyi ngokwanele ivolumu. Kusukela yokusabela exothermic, yokwehla lokushisa ngeke bayeke yakhoibrium ekwakhekeni kwe-ammonia, kodwa, izinga yokusabela uzokwehla kakhulu. ukukhiqizwa ammonia kufanele uqhubeke ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu (Synthesis lwenzeka ngesikhathi degrees Celsius 500). t Ukwandiswa ° kuzokwenza ukusabela reverse. Ukucindezeleka okusuka 15 kuya ku-100 MPA evumela ukuba simelane umphumela lokushisa (ongaphakeme ingcindezi - kusuka 10 kuya 15 MPA, ingcindezi kusho - kusuka 25 kuya ku-30 MPA, umfutho ophakeme - ngenhla 50 MPA). Kulezi ayethanda yesibili.

I kulethe kuyinto yensimbi isipanji calcium supplements, i-silicon, i-potassium ne-aluminium oxides.

Contaminants (i-carbon monoxide, amanzi, i-hydrogen sulfide) zibulale ukugeleza Isivinini ukuthi bayavuma ngokufaka ubuthi kulethe ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe umsebenzi wayo futhi ukunciphisa ukuphila zenkonzo yalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ingxube hydrogen sulfide kumele njalo ngokuphelele bahlanza. Ngisho nangemva kokuba wokuhlanza kuphela ingxenye le ngxube iguqulwe ibe ammonia. Ngakho-ke, lo ingxenyenamba unreacted ezisele futhi ithunyelwa ophendulayo.

Kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwe-ammonia?

Komsele ihlinzekwa ingxube kakade walungisa izingxenye ezintathu-hydrogen ne eyodwa nitrogen. It sidlula turbocharger, okuyinto onomfutho okungenhla, futhi ithunyelwa ikholomu zamagama ne kulethe linamathele emashalofini. Inqubo, njengoba sathola, kakhulu exothermic. Emit ukushisa heats ingxube nitric. Kusukela umbhoshongo eshiya amaphesenti angu-25 i-ammonia kanye nitrogen unreacted ne-hydrogen. wonke Ukwakheka ihlinzekwa ukuba imbala, lapho ingxube is selehlile. Ammonia ingcindezi iba ketshezi. Manje umsebenzi ungena isihlukanisi, ogama msebenzi - yokuqoqela eseceleni ammonia phansi futhi ingxube unreacted, okuyinto wabuyela futha afundwa emuva ikholomu. Ngenxa kwegazi ezinjalo ingxube nitric yasetshenziselwa ngamaphesenti angu-95. ammonia Liquid phezu ammonia sidla ukuba izimpahla ekhethekile.

Zonke imishini kusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni, esiphezulu uphawu, ekuqedeni ukuvuza. Isebenzisa kuphela zikhipha amandla okwenzeka ukusabela exothermic. Isikimu ivaliwe, ongaphakeme-imfucuza. Izindleko ziyancipha sibonga lechubekako kanye okuzenzakalelayo.

ukukhiqizwa ammonia kunemtselela imvelo. amagesi Komoya, ehlanganisa i-ammonia, carbon oxides nitrogen nezinye amanyela. Low-grade ukushisa ikhishwe. Usule amanzi emva ukuwasha kanye lwaluyophola ophendulayo uqobo.

Ngakho-ke, ekukhiqizeni ammonia ezidingekayo ukufaka yokuhlanza okhanda amanye amathuba kanye ukuba khona igesi ukwehlisa. Ukwehlisa inani amanzi angcolile ingatholakala esikhundleni le compressors piston ngoba turbochargers. Low-grade ukushisa kungenziwa ngokufanele ephezulu grade ukushisa input. Nokho, kuzonisiza bona wandise ukungcola yamagesi flue.

Ehnergotehnologicheskih wesifunda kuhlanganise umjikelezo kuhlanganiswe esebenzisa umusi njengoba ukushisa kanye amandla omlilo imikhiqizo, futhi kanyekanye ukwandisa nekusebenta ukukhiqizwa futhi kuncishiswe kwekhabhoni.