Amandla uqweqwe yezwekazi kuyinto ... Izici eziyinhloko isakhiwo crustal

I amazwekazi enanikade kwakheka amaqoqo uqweqwe eMhlabeni, okuyinto ngezindlela ezingafani, yena uqagula ngenhla ezingeni amanzi ngesimo sushi. Lezi izigaxa ungqimba lomhlaba eminyakeni abangaphezu kwesigidi ubudala aqhephukile, sigudluke ingxenye ngayinyomfoza ngayiphosa kwabo kuvele ifomu, okuyinto yaziwa kithi manje.

Namuhla sibheka ukujiya ngobukhulu futhi owesincane uqweqwe futhi izici yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu.

Kancane ngeplanethi yethu

Ekuqaleni kumiswa iplanethi yethu eqhutshwa izintaba-mlilo eziningi, kwakukhona ukushayisana njalo lezinkanyezi ezinomsila. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye nokubhonywa wayeka, ebusweni akhazimula planethi eba yiqhwa.
Okungukuthi, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi iplanethi yethu ekuqaleni emelelwa ogwadule olungenalutho kungekho amanzi nohlaza. Lapho wathatha amanzi kangaka - namanje akwaziwa ukuthi waphelelaphi. Kodwa akunjalo kudala a inothile komhlaba ngamanzi ziye zatholakala, cishe, ziye zaba ngesisekelo izilwandle zethu.

Maye, bonke imibono eyayisinesikhathi ngemvelaphi iplanethi yethu kanye nokusungulwa kwakhona ezizathwini okungaphezu kokwazi amaqiniso. Kusolakala Wegener ekuqaleni phansi ihlanganisa ungqimba ezondile egwadle, okuyinto uguqulwe Paleozoic inkathi pramaterik Pangea. Esikhathini Mesozoic Era Pangea waqala ukuqhekezeka amazwekazi kwakheka kancane kancane ngomkhumbi nomunye. Elwandle eliKhulu iPacific, ngokuvumelana Wegener - insali olwandle eyinhloko futhi Atlantic ne-Indian zibhekwa njengemikhiqizo yesibili.

uqweqwe

Ukwakheka uqweqwe eMhlabeni cishe efanayo ukuthi amaplanethi ezisesimisweni sethu sikanozungezilanga - Venus, Mars, njll Phela, isisekelo wonke amaplanethi yesimiso sonozungezilanga kwakungamadodana unesimo esifana .. Futhi muva nje, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukushayisana eMhlabeni nomunye iplanethi, ngokuthi Elisabeth, okubangelwa nokuhlanganiswa izindikimba ezimbili zasezulwini, futhi kusukela isinqamu lamahlubuka kwakheka Moon. Lokhu kuchaza iqiniso lokuthi kaMoon amaminerali Ukwakheka efana ukwakheka kule planethi yethu. Ngezansi sichaza isakhiwo uqweqwe eMhlabeni - ibalazwe Icwele ezweni olwandle.

Amagxolo% 1 kuphela nenqwaba umhlaba. Advantageously, liphethe i-silicon nensimbi, aluminium, umoya-mpilo, i-hydrogen, i-magnesium, i-calcium ne-sodium nomunye izakhi 78. Kusolwa ukuthi uma ziqhathaniswa isiphuku futhi core uqweqwe eMhlabeni - igobolondo mncane futhi ethambile, okungcono siqukethe izinto ukukhanya. Heavy unesimo esifana, ngokuvumelana zokwakheka komhlaba, phansi maphakathi iplanethi, futhi iningi tibheke nucleus esindayo.

Isakhiwo uqweqwe yoMhlaba futhi ibalazwe yayo izingqimba ziboniswa kulo mdwebo ongezansi.

Inland uqweqwe

uqweqwe eMhlabeni has 3 izingqimba, ngamunye okuyinto ihlanganisa izingqimba odlule anolaka. Iningi ubuso bayo - a emathafeni yezwekazi futhi wasolwandle. Amazwekazi futhi sizungeze eshalofini, okuyinto emva eguqa obryvchatogo ingena emthambekeni yezwekazi (endaweni ohlangothini yezwekazi).
uqweqwe Zomhlaba leli zwekazi ihlukaniswe izingqimba:

1. inzika.
2. Granite.
3. basalt.

I sedimentary sedimentary ungqimba camera, metamorphic namadwala igneous. Amandla uqweqwe yezwekazi ngamaphesenti aphansi.

Izinhlobo uqweqwe yezwekazi

rocks sedimentary kukhona lokubolekwa, okuyizinto phakathi ubumba, carbonate, amatshe nentaba-mlilo nezinye ukudla okuqinile. Lolu hlobo ziyazika eyasungulwa ngenxa labo noma ezinye izimo zemvelo ngaphambilini okukhona Earth. It kuvumela abacwaningi ukuba bafinyelele iziphetho mayelana nomlando iplanethi yethu.

ungqimba Granite siqukethe amatshe igneous futhi metamorphic, elifana Izakhiwo egwadle. Leyo akuyona kuphela egwadle ungqimba ka ungqimba lomhlaba yesibili, kodwa kungezona lezo Ukwakheka kuyafana ke, futhi ube amandla cishe efanayo. Izinga of igagasi longitudinal ifinyelela 5.5-6.5 km / s. Siqukethe egwadle, schist, gneiss futhi t. D.

Basalt ungqimba yakhiwa izinto ezifanayo Ukwakheka kusukela basalt. Kuyinto ayazika lapho iqhathaniswa nezinkulungwane embhedeni egwadle. Ngaphansi-basalt ungqimba viscous ageleza isiphuku ukudla okuqinile. Evamile, isiphuku kusukela uqweqwe ehlukanisa okuthiwa Moho, okuyinto, eqinisweni, izingqimba ehlukene ezahlukene amakhemikhali ukwakheka. Libhekene waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi ijubane amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba.
Lokho ungqimba kuqhathaniswa ezondile ungqimba lomhlaba kuyinto isithiyo ethambile esisihlukanisa isiphuku red-hot. Ukushuba isiphuku yisilinganiso sesifundo u 3000 km. Ukuhambisa kanye isiphuku futhi izingqimba zomhlaba, okuyizinto ingxenye lithosphere kukhona uqweqwe ingxenye.

Ngezansi sibheka amandla uqweqwe ezwekazini. Kukithi 35 km.

Amandla uqweqwe yezwekazi

I ukushuba we uqweqwe kuhluka 30 km kuya ku-70. Futhi uma ngaphansi emathafeni ungqimba kuba km 30-40 kuphela, bese ngaphansi izinhlelo entabeni km kufika ku-70. Ngaphansi zaseHimalaya ungqimba ukushuba ifinyelela km 75.

Amandla uqweqwe yezwekazi ivela km 5 kuya ku-80 futhi encike ngqo kwi umhlaba mdala kangakanani. Ngakho, ezisekelweni lasendulo abandayo (Eastern Europe, eSiberia, West laseSiberia) nomthamo omkhulu - 40-45 km.

Kulokhu kusendlalelo ngasinye inamandla ayo kanye ukushuba ukuthi ezindaweni ezahlukene zaleli zwekazi zingahluka.

Amandla uqweqwe yezwekazi yilesi:

1. sedimentary ungqimba - 10-15 km.

2. Granite ungqimba - 5-15 km.

3. basalt ungqimba - 10-35 km.

Amazinga uqweqwe eMhlabeni

Temperature kuyakhula njengobe kude kuwo. Kukholakala ukuthi izinga lokushisa core kuze kufinyelele 5000 C, kodwa lezi zibalo okunemibandela kusukela ifomu kanye nesakhiwo yayo namanje akukacaci ukuthi ososayensi. Nge ushona we uqweqwe, izinga lokushisa luyanda njalo 100 m, kodwa izibalo zayo iyashiyana phezu ukubunjwa izakhi nokujula. I uqweqwe wasolwandle has lokushisa eliphakeme.

uqweqwe Oceanic Zomhlaba

Ekuqaleni, ososayensi nekucabangela Umhlaba wembozwe ungqimba uqweqwe wasolwandle, okuyinto kancane ezahlukene ukujiya kanye nokwakheka ungqimba ezwekazini. I uqweqwe wasolwandle, cishe uvela phezulu umahluko isiphuku ungqimba, ie, ukwakheka liseduze kakhulu kuye. Amandla uqweqwe wasolwandle incane izikhathi 5 kuka amandla uhlobo ezwekazini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo oyiyo ezindaweni ezijulile futhi engajulile wezilwandle nasolwandle komunye nomunye kuyahluka insignificantly.

Izinhla uqweqwe yezwekazi

Amandla uqweqwe wasolwandle yilezi:

1. Isendlalelo amanzi olwandle, ukushuba of okuyinto 4 km.

2. ungqimba inhlabathi okuxekethile. Amandla kuyinto 0.7 km.

3. Isendlalelo basalt eligoqiwe futhi kremenistymi ngamathayi carbonate. amandla esijwayelekile - 1.7 km. Akenzi ivelele ngokucijile futhi esibonakala ngokuqina uphawu ungqimba sedimentary. Lokhu okuhlukile libizwa sub-wasolwandle oyiyo.

4. basalt ungqimba akusilo libhekene uqweqwe ezwekazini. Amandla uqweqwe wasolwandle ukule ungqimba 4.2 km.

Basalt ungqimba uqweqwe wasolwandle e izingqimba zomhlaba zingqubuzana (zone lapho omunye ungqimba cortex ubamba nezinye) iba eclogites. inhlanganiso yabo kuphezulu ukuze sizike sijule koqweqwe kumuntu ka 600 km ukujula, bese yehlela kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa aphansi.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi ukushuba owesincane uqweqwe ngaphansi izilwandle futhi kukhona 5-10 kuphela km, ososayensi baye eside singalazisa umqondo ukuqala Drilling ngesikhathi we uqweqwe ocean ukujula, okwakuyoholela sihlole Sakhiwo sangekhatsi Umhlaba kabanzi. Nokho, ungqimba uqweqwe wasolwandle okuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, futhi ukutadisha ekujuleni kolwandle ukwenza lo msebenzi oyinselele nakakhulu.

isiphetho

I uqweqwe cishe ungqimba kuphela wafunda ngokuningiliziwe nesintu. Kodwa ukuthola ukuthi kunani ngaphansi kwakhe, namanje ayinandaba zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba. Siyethemba ukuthi ngelinye ilanga ezinzulwini engaziwa Earth wethu uzobe uhlole.