Zu-23-2: izici, incazelo lobuchwepheshe, isithombe

Phakathi neMpi Omkhulu Patriotic ka 1941-1945, ibutho lethu ubhekene nezimo ezimbili ngeshwa: kokungadlali cishe ingqikithi esindayo izibhamu futhi ukufaka anti-aircraft. Cha, airfields Ukuvikelwa babengabakho, kodwa ukuvikela ikholomu ibutho elimashayo kwakuvame nje lutho. Ngenxa yalokho - eside, cishe ukubusa iminyaka emithathu izindiza amaNazi emoyeni futhi ukulahlekelwa omkhulu imishini kanye nezisebenzi.

Yingakho eminyakeni post-yimpi ekuthuthukiseni anti-aircraft wezikhali zaziphonswa izisebenzi engcono zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe be-USSR. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi umsebenzi wabo, kuhlanganise, waba isibhamu anti-aircraft zu-23-2, eyabonakala ngenxa ye sesimanje inkumbulo-23 elula. Ehlome injena iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, futhi esinye isenzakalo wayo, lapho kwakukhona twin (isibhamu missile) zu-30, akashiyi kungabaza yimpumelelo kakhulu umbono.

Kwenzeka kanjani kusuka?

Ngakho, ngemva kweGreat Patriotic lonke uhlelo izikhali anti-aircraft esiye kulungiswe ephelele futhi ukwakha kabusha. Ngokushesha, kuvunyelwene ukuthi isibhamu 25 mm, ngenxa isisindo sabo ngokweqile, afaneleka kuphela imikhumbi. Ukuphumelela futhi ethandwa ngesikhathi, 37-mm ubukhulu kwakunganele lokufeza izinkinga ezithile "eliwumhlaba".

Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, amasosha ngokushesha yafuna esincane inganono othomathikhi ku isibonelo labo phakathi kwempi yaba se-efakwe zempi. Empeleni, njengoba isisekelo njengoba isikhathi lathathwa isikhali edume of IL-2. Qaphela ukuthi kukhona izinkulungwane manje abaningi antiaircraft zu-23-2 amayunithi futhi 20mm analogue baba hhayi ngaphansi owaziwa kuka inganono yayo elikude "ukhokho."

Kakade ngo-1955 umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa anti-aircraft 23-mm 2A14 othomathikhi yethulwa. Onjiniyela kuhlinzekiwe ukucupha ezimbili: olulodwa futhi ezimbili. Kugcine kanye kwadingeka kuqala ephakeme, futhi ngaleyo ndlela yadalwa ngezinsuku ezahlukeneyo ezintathu. Zonke eziphilayo kwadingeka kuphela inguqulo ibhukwana idrayivu, ifakwe ejwayelekile anti-aircraft emehlweni ZAP-23.

IKhomishana wanquma ukuthi imodeli zu-14 engcono iyahlangabezana nezidingo ezempi. Kwaba 1959 wakhe "waxosha" kuzo zonke izigaba zokuhlola izikhali ezihlanganiswe izifunda eziningana ezempi. Wamenywa ukuba enze inkonzo ethile ngo-1960, enikeza igama zu-23. Ukwenza inombolo ukukhiqizwa isitshalo 535. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukususwa okuqhubekayo wonke ukwehla okuhlonziwe futhi "izifo ebuntwaneni" Kwathatha iminyaka engu-10, ayeseza ukufakwa ukukhanya zu-23-2.

izici design

Okuzenzakalelayo lusekelwa ngamandla amandla powder amagesi esabiwe. Isango nesigaxa uhlobo ukukhiya emgqonyeni esebenzisa abutment yayo "yayifanekisela nomxhantela" kude owamukelayo. design ngempumelelo kwezinyathelo Ukukhweza isiqu ivumela kwaso indawo esimweni ukulwa ngemizuzwana 15-20 nje. Futhi uphumelele kakhulu ngemoto evundla mpo kuhloswe, ifakwe amadivaysi entwasahlobo cushioning.

I-opharetha uchitha isikhathi esincane kakhulu umzila isiqondiso olunembile. Uma ubheka incazelo zu-23-2, okuholela nomkhiqizi olusemthethweni lwalezi nhlelo, futhi lapho ungathola ulwazi ukubala abaqeqeshiwe angaqalisa ukusebenzisa isiqondiso somzila amasekhondi 5-15 kuphela. Futhi inqobo ukusetshenziswa izindlela mechanical ukulungiswa! Uma kwenzeka ukuthi kulahlwe amasosha uye ethuthukisiwe zu-30M nge opto-kagesi, wokutholakala kokulandela into eyenziwa cishe ngokuphazima kweso.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi isiqu angadluliselwa ngemizuzwana nje amathathu! I izinhlamvu supply - ibhande hlobo. Metal itheyiphu isetshenziswa, ubukhulu ejwayelekile - cartridges 50, okuyinto zibekwa ngendlela ibhokisi lensimbi, ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha afeze amathuluzi lingatshajwa. Ngasinye ebhokisini eneribhoni cartridges, nesisindo cishe 35,5 kg. Ipulatifomu ukufakwa - ibhola, ifakwe jackscrews ezintathu. Ngosizo lwabo, Zu-23-2 ngokuphephile eboshelwe ezingongolweni isikhundla labadubuli.

Isiteji unikezwe Lug yokudonsa. Esikhathini stowed isikhundla kulungiselelwa imele kula masondo womabili we Gaz-69. Kukhona ibha ukumiswa torsion, esebenza ukunciphisa amathuba ukulimala izinsimbi ngesikhathi ezokuthutha ezindaweni ezimbi. Leli qiniso elibalulekile, njengoba ezindaweni izibhelu okukhulu ngaphansi imigwaqo evamile ngaphezulu noma ahlale ezingavamile kakhulu.

Isiqondiso, sokudubula esenzeke tinhlobo letehlukene imigomo

Kuhloswe zu-23-2 wenziwa ngokusebenzisa kakade ngenhla ZAP-23 run. Ububanzi zamanje elitsheni kungenziwa ezifakwe kumamitha angu ukuze 3,000. Lokhu kunesithembiso 00 at Yiqiniso isiqondiso futhi ijubane phansi into kulandele kuze 300 m / s. Ukubona kuvumela kakhulu ukubeka edingekayo zangaphambi emption, okuyinto kunomphumela ezuzisayo phezu okungenzeka nolokubhujiswa izindiza inqwaba.

Lapho zokudubula phansi okuhloswe okufanayo ingashintshwa at ibanga-2000 amamitha. Kwezinye izimo (ukubala lokuhlola) ububanzi kungaba azimisele "ngesandla", kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile bayakujabulela ukusebenzisa stereodalnomera. Zonke ezinye idatha ku-opharetha ingena iso. ebaluleke kakhulu izifo amakhona eziqondiwe azimuth yayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, Zu-23-2 (TTX wakhe sethula kulesi sihloko) kuyinto kakhulu "olindele" ekubeni ukubala oqeqeshwe kahle.

Isici yalesi flak kwakuwukuthi esigcwele sextant ohlelweni design ZAP-23 kufika Eyenzelwa phansi okuhloswe T-3. Qaphela ukuthi ine umugqa ezimele ifihlekile.

Izinzuzo anti-aircraft

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa isibhamu anti-aircraft zu-23-2 idume hhayi "umoya" ithalente yayo, kodwa isicelo ebusweni. Zonke izingxabano endawo Eminyakeni yamuva wafakazela ukuthi leli thuluzi ekahle njengendlela iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha ezinezinjini umlomo sokuzingela ukushaqeka ngokuthi yini efanelekayo ngaphezulu bamane ungapheli. Okokuqala, ZSU kungenziwa kweso atshalwa isikhundla ngomumo. Okwesibili, kungasiza njengoba kungaba kweso kube ukuyiveza zonke izinhlobo Okuqondiwe akhiwe kude uhlwayi ngqo (a ikhilomitha).

Isikhathi esining impela, isidingo kusetshenziswa komhlaba zu-23-2 kwenzeka ukushayisana lixuku zokwakheka okungajwayelekile lesitha, okungukuthi, ngokuhamba imisebenzi counter-amaphekula. Alas, ziye zaba phezu minyaka engu-20 e-real "imfashini mkhuba".

Okunye "avelele" ukwakhiwa

inzuzo enkulu yalesi isethaphu Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi akudingi zangaphambi ubunjiniyela ukuqeqeshwa izikhundla. Ubufakazi obanelisayo kuphela ucishe surface flat. Lapha kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi kungenzeka isikulufa Jacks, okungaba ngenxa ukuthambekela ngisho 30 degrees ibe indiza ekahle. Lokhu kwaba usizo ikakhulukazi e-Afghanistan Chechnya, lapho 23-mm anti-aircraft isibhamu zu-23-2 lalisetshenziswa ezintabeni.

Kukholakala ukuthi izisebenzi ukufakwa anokuhambisana kungaholela azithole esesikhundleni labadubuli amasekhondi 15-20 kuphela. Kusukela omasha ukulwa - I-35-40 imizuzwana. Ngo umkhuba liye kungase kutholakale ukuthi, uma kudingeka, imemori-23-2 nomlilo sendleleni, ngenkathi isikhundla stowed. Yiqiniso, ukunemba nokunemba ngesikhathi esifanayo kungaba uyibize ngokuthi eyanelisayo, kodwa zizongena ukulwa owengeziwe.

Eceleni badinge ukuxoxa ngothandekayo ukulungiselelwa enhle ukuhamba. Ngo donsa kungathatha iyiphi imoto ebuthweni, ngoba kwakungenzeka ngisho weaponized ngokugcwele inkumbulo mass incane kakhulu kweyodwa tonne. Emigwaqeni kwavula isivinini ukuthutha lingafika ku-70 km / h, kanti emigwaqweni - 20 km / h. Ngakho zu-23-2, incazelo lwezobuchwepheshe lapho sethula - ezingavamile "unqamule izwe" anti-aircraft isibhamu.

A inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi maintainability eliphakeme. Lapho kwakhiwa esetshenziswa kuphela ibanga elula futhi ezivamile ensimbi, ukuze ukulungiswa kungenziwa ihlelwe iyiphi ibhizinisi ukuthi okungenani amathuluzi bakudala kakhulu neminye imishini.

Izinhlamvu, cartridges sici

I izinhlamvu ejwayelekile zu-23-2 siqukethe 23-mm nezinhlamvu. Projectiles wasebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili - BZT futhi OFZT (BFL). Eyokuqala - udibi ukubhoboza Tracer incendiary. Wenza nawo wonke warhead, ogama Isisindo 190, phansi ingxenye iqukethe ukukhokhiswa kufunwe, golovnaya- Ukwakheka incendiary. OFZ, okungukuthi amacala ephezulu kuqhume uyikhanda nenqwaba 188,5 g Ngaphambi 90s zu-23-2 (incazelo yomsebenzi yokufaka kuboniswe esihlokweni) uvame esetshenziswa lolu hlobo nezinhlamvu.

Fusing kokubili ukusetshenziswa V19UK brand (ezinguqulweni ngaphambili - MG-25). Sici Its ehlukile kuba phambi self-killer, phakathi nohambo lwakhe - imizuzwana 11. Kungakhathaliseki sha we projectile, njengoba Propellant esetshenziswa 77 amagremu powder grade 5/7 TSFL. Qaphela ukuthi ikakhulukazi ukudalwa idatha izinhlamvu, eziningana kazwelonke yesayensi socwaningo wahlanganyela ukudalwa izinhlobo ezintsha propellants, okwakuyoholela banezincwadi energy ukusetshenziswa kanye izinga amandla omlilo.

Ballisticheskie ikakhulukazi izinhlamvu

igobolondo Ubude isisindo (kungakhathaliseki brand) 450 Izakhiwo, izihlahla kanye nokusebenza ballistic nazo okufanayo. I velocity kokuqala 980 m / s, ukuphakama esiphezulu ( "uphahla") - 1500 m, esiphezulu okuqinisekisiwe ububanzi ukubhujiswa - 2000 m. Qaphela: at uhlobo mzuzu OFZ amagobolondo asetshenziswa kakhulu kuyaqabukela, ngoba ekulweni ngamandla izidingo zanamuhla ukuphendula cha.

Noma kunjalo, eziningi ukugxekwa Zu-23-2 (izici zayo, sixoxisane kakade) wathola phakathi nemikhankaso ezimbili Chechen: kwathi OFZ amagobolondo kakhulu kabi, ehlelelwe ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, njengoba abe nekhono abampofu ukuba puncturing.

Ngokuvamile, ithephu ayehlome ngama-mthetho engabhaliwe: ezine igobolondo OFZT eyodwa BZT. Futhi omunye. MG-25 Blaster, okwadingeka eziningi amaphutha, manje esikhundleni ngokugcwele ngumuntu B-19UK. Izizathu zalokhu ilula. Okokuqala, ukuzwela yayo kwamanzi obukhulu fanekiso ngokuphelele ukuthi imodeli langaphambilini, kodwa fuse akusho qhumisa ku Oxhumene naye igobolondo nge amaconsi emvula. Okwesibili, it has Ukuvikelwa umswakama ngcono kakhulu.

ukulwa isicelo

Ukuze ukusetshenziswa isikhathi lokuqala lokunqoba zu-23-2 ngesikhathi somkhankaso Afghan. Bona, ngenxa mass yabo ongaphakeme, compactness, kalula zithutha futhi knockdown babe ekahle ukumboza ngamaqembu amancane mojaheds flue. Yiqiniso, indima eyinhloko kulesi kudlalwa "Shilka" ...

Nazi nje self ezinezinjini zonke kakhulu ngokwanele. Ekuqaleni amasosha "semi komhlaba" ayemisa "Zushki" emzimbeni amaloli, okulandelayo njengengxenye lixuku amakholomu, bese zu-23-2 kulo indima wathola imvume esisemthethweni izikhulu zempi kuwo wonke amazinga. Isikhathi esining impela baqala ukukhweza phezu amaloli Ural-375 futhi KAMAZ. Ngaphezu kwalokho kwatholakala ukuthi ezinhlanu zu-23-2 izinhlelo anti-aircraft kungaba thembeke ukuvikela ngohide lempi, ngisho abaqamekeli ezinkulu, ngokwezwi nezwi okusho "sikhuntile" zakamuva ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Iqiniso ukuthi BMP-1, ephethe isibhamu, eyayintula engela azinakwa yokwenyuka, izindlela eziphumelelayo lixuku ukuzivikela amakholomu ukusuka abaqamekeli we mujahideen ezintabeni. Hhayi ngaphandle iqhaza lezi zikhali futhi empini oqubuke ezingxenyeni eziningi zeSoviet Union ngokushesha ngemva kokuwa yezwe. Futhi namhlanje, zu-23-2 ukufaka anti-aircraft, isithombe okuyinto esihlokweni, egcwele zonke "asobala" zomhlaba. Phakathi ngenqubekela nibaluleke kokukhuluma evilaphayo ukungqubuzana Ukrainian lapho zombili ukusebenzisa olubanzi "zushki".

Futhi kulokhu, oluhambisana Zu-23-2 yasetshenziselwa kuphela umsebenzi phansi amatshe. isidingo esincane izindiza ababeke phakathi nobutha amaqembu kokuphikiswa wayengaselona (akukho ngaphezulu), kodwa ngesikhathi edlwengulwa ebiyelweyo nemizana le isikhali ikufakazele ukuthi ohlangothini engcono.

zesimanje

Maye, ngisho kahle amangalelwe air Okuqondiwe iphansi lazo zonke ezinhle, lokulandisa 0.023 nje. Amathuba ukuwela izindiza yesimanje (ngaphandle endizeni) kuyinto ngisho aphansi, futhi kakhulu.

Nokho, sezwa lokhu kufakwa akalilahlile ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo, njengoba nje ambalwa hits uyokwehlisela cishe kunoma iyiphi izindiza. Ngendlela enezizathu ezizwakalayo - ukufakwa okuzenzakalelayo sokuzingela izikophu futhi target ngomkhondo izinhlelo. Yilokhu okwamanje iphathwe ngochwepheshe KB Tochmash kubo. A. E. Nudelmana. Umsebenzi wabo wakha sisekelo ukuvela okusha anti-aircraft zu-23-2. Izithombe lezi onobuhle ukuhlukanisa kalula, njengoba zikhona sokuqala iziqukathi anti-aircraft ezicitshwayo.

Izinzuzo onobuhle ethuthukisiwe

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ithuthukiswe "zushek" kukhona electromechanical motors isiqondiso izinhlelo, izinto entsha esikhanyayo endaweni ukusebenza, a rangefinder laser, okuvumela kuze imitha ukunquma ibanga ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo yenkungu. Ngomsebenzi wokugqokwa ebusuku, uhlelo ezingenziwa ifakwe a imager ezishisayo, okuyinto aphambana ncamashi ezishisayo emisebeni imishini isitha amakhilomitha ambalwa. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu ikuvumela ukuba knock out ngisho ukulwa indiza yesimanje.

Kusukela ukwakhiwa kwalesi yesimanje anti-aircraft izibhamu kwakuqedwe ngokuphelele ephelelwe yisikhathi emehlweni ZAP-23 kusukela umdubuli kambayimbayi emsebenzini. Yena salandelwa opto-electronic module ne eyengeziwe kokuholwa nokulawulwa izinhlelo. Podolsky kunjiniyela uthi ngenxa yazo zonke lezi zinto ezintsha, ematfuba ukushaya ilitshe ngesikhathi esisodwa anda enyuka ngokuphindwe kathathu. Kodwa ngempela "hit" sekuyinkinga imodeli zu-30M, ukwakhiwa esihlinzeka ukufakwa esitsheni uhlobo MANPADS "Igla", Stinger noma ezinye, ngokuvumelana ikhasimende sokugcina.

Ngakho Zu-23-2, izimfanelo okuxoxwe ngazo iphepha lethu, kuye kwavula ukuthuthukiswa lahlukene elula, ephumelelayo futhi engabizi anti-aircraft izibhamu. Iyathuthukiswa, "zushka" ngaphezu konyaka owodwa ingasetshenziswa inhloso yazo. Siphinde uqaphele ukuthi ePoland, ngo "imigqomo" okwashiya eziningi flak, ngamabomu wahlanganyela ekukhiqizeni esekelwe masampuli olwesimanje. Abaklami Domestic kwabadabukisa kakhulu iqiniso lokuthi nabasePoland musa athobele umthetho.

Sithemba ukuthi Zu-23-2 kanye TTHa yayo simchazela babe nesithakazelo kuwe. Lokhu isikhali - isibonelo esiphelele sendlela ekuqaleni wabeka bezikhali wesimanje isibhamu antiaircraft ingasetshenziswa phakathi eMpini Yomshoshaphansi, futhi namuhla.