Aorta - elikuyi-aorta enhliziyweni kuyingozi .... uphawu yomthambo i-aorta

I-aorta isitsha elikhulu indoda. Lokho-ke kuphakamisa inombolo omkhulu imithambo letiphakela igazi emzimbeni, beletha isitho ngasinye izakhamzimba ezanele nomoya-mpilo.

Yiziphi-aorta?

Lena ngokuyinhloko isitsha ngobukhulu ukuthi ine emzimbeni womuntu. Esimeni yiluphi uhlobo kwaba pathologies elihlobene ne-aorta, ukuphila komuntu, usengozini enkulu.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le-aorta - kuyinto umkhumbi ayibhangqiwe. Ucwaningo lwakhe lwamanje basingatha ngokwanele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ine ukubaluleka omkhulu, eqinisweni kuba njalo futhi kuba umthwalo omkhulu kakhulu.

izingxenye aorta

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, umkhumbi iyona enkulu kunazo zonke emzimbeni womuntu. Akumangazi ukuthi odokotela esenqume yaba izigaba. Ngenxa yalokho le-aorta wenhliziyo sehlukaniswe 3 izigaba eziyinhloko:

• phezulu;
• lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta;
• ukwehla.

On the kwesigaba umfula

Iphuzu kokuqala bomkhumbi womuntu ngobukhulu angabhekwa valve yomthambo i-aorta. It ayikuvumeli igazi abalamukele inhliziyo, emuva, futhi ngokwenza kanjalo zeqa hemodynamics. Wenyuka aorta mfushane kakhulu futhi presents isithakazelo elincane.

Mayelana lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta

Iya uMnyango phezulu ngaye. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta akusona isiphelo bomkhumbi ezinkulu. Iqiniso ukuthi ingena ukwehla umnyango wakhe. lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta is iguqulwe upwardly ingxenye ayizindunduma bomkhumbi. Phakathi naso sonke lesi umnyango esiqwini kwemithambo yegazi ezinkulu 3 nimuke. Sikhuluma isiqu brachiocephalic, washiya carotid ezivamile futhi kwesokunxele subclavian imithambo. Esikhathini esizayo, isiqu brachiocephalic yena, ihlukaniswe 2 isitsha esikhulu - kwesokudla carotid ezivamile futhi ilungelo Umthambo subclavian. Kuyinto sibonga yomthambo i-aorta lwaleli liningi igazi Kwenziwa yomzimba engenhla.

I-aorta ukwehla

It liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko - the thoracic kanye lumbar. Eyokuqala iqala ngokushesha ngemva lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta. Ngokuvamile ngalesi indawo kuba nomthelela esinzulu. Lokhu kungenxa ezingqubuzanayo ezaziyaluzisa ukugeleza kwegazi okwenzeka ngemuva kokuphumelela ingxenye zehla lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta.

Le ngxenye iqala kusukela ezingeni 3-4 amathambo thoracic. Kamuva sidlule ezingeni lesi-4 lumbar vertebra, lapho kwenzeka bifurcation we sokunene nesobunxele ezivamile iliac imithambo ukuthi banesibopho igazi eligciniwe kokubili emikhawulweni aphansi.

Ezingeni le bifurcation we Isuka aorta futhi esinye isitsha ukuthi ngokomthetho wayekubheka njengelungelo ukuqhubeka oqondile. Kumayelana imidiyeni Umthambo sacral. Udabula ebusweni anterior we sacrum.

Meaning yomthambo i-aorta

Ukubaluleka ngobukhulu emzimbeni womuntu bomkhumbi kunzima overestimate. Iqiniso ukuthi siyini isisekelo ka kwegazi. Kuyinto ngenxa yakhe wenza supply egazini labo bonke kwezitho nezicubu.

I zokugula we yomthambo i-aorta

Okwamanje, sonke esikhulu isitsha isifo zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili amakhulu:

• azalwa naso;
• uthenge.

Kungakhathaliseki etiology izifo yomthambo i-aorta, abakubonisayo ingozi ngokushesha kakhulu ukuphila komuntu.

izifo azalwa naso

Zonke lezi zifo iyingozi kakhulu futhi ezimweni eziningi zidinga ukuhlinzwa okukhulu. Phakathi izifo ezinkulu kufanele kuphawulwe aorta koortatsiyu futhi Marfan Syndrome.

Koortatsiya aorta yesifo azalwa naso kuyingozi kakhulu. Kungaba umsolwa ngu nentuthuko engalingani engxenyeni engenhla nengezansi lomzimba. Esimweni lapho umuntu has koortatsiya aorta, imisipha nasemilenzeni engenhla ngendlela evamile, futhi ezansi kukhona indlala. Kulokhu, isiguli ingase ikhononde lobuthakathaka nobuhlungu emikhawulweni ephansi, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuzivivinya.

Kepha -Marfan syndrome, imbangela yokufa kule isifo ngokuyisisekelo nje zokugula efanayo le-aorta. Ngokuvamile kuba odongeni ukwehlukana isitsha ngobukhulu emzimbeni. Ingozi ekhulile yemiphumela lokhu sifo sibangelwa yokuthi odongeni le-aorta e-Marfan syndrome buthaka futhi kungaba ukumelana ukucindezeleka okuningi esingaphansi ezimweni ezivamile.

zokugula atholwe

I-aorta - ebaluleke kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kwanele kuthinte umnyango umzimba. Izinkinga ezivamile ne-aorta, okuyinto kuphakama hhayi ngenxa wokukhula kwengane esiswini, futhi inqubo ukuphila, kukhona zonke izinhlobo isifo sokuvuvukala kwemithambo futhi ukudabuka.

Njengoba for donga igebe le-aorta, kuba isimo esiyingozi kakhulu umuthi mhlawumbe. Ngokuvamile, abantu abaye baba zokugula efanayo behluleka ukulondoloza. Iqiniso wukuthi igebe bomkhumbi ngobukhulu emzimbeni kuhambisana ukopha okubi. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu abadinga imishanguzo esiphuthumayo kuhlinzwa. ithuba elincane kulondolozwa asibekezelele lesi zokugula itholakala kuphela uma isisezweni kakade a isikhungo sokwelapha, kanye best - Ukuphrofayela.

Imbangela ezivame kakhulu ukudabuka yomthambo i-aorta kuveza ukwehla okuphawulekayo kuyaqina udonga lwaso, okuyinto baphawula phezu isizinda imali kwe-calcium nosawoti kuso.

Enye zokugula lokhutsele useshonile yomthambo i-aorta ingabe. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, futhi kungaholela ukudabuka odongeni isitsha. Ingqikithi useshonile ukuthi ingcindezi njalo ukugeleza kwegazi ingenye izingxenye le-aorta ukunweba isikhwama. Ngokuvamile, lokhu zokugula kwenzeka lapho udonga isitsha okungenani kancane buthaka. kwasendaweni ejwayelekile lezi zinguquko kuyinto lwaleli yomthambo i-aorta ne-kwesigaba yayo besisu. Kulokhu, uphawu le-aorta ngokuvamile akwenzi ukuzibonakalisa emtholampilo nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ngaphezu ingozi ukudabuka izindonga isitsha, okubangela usongo olukhulu kakhulu futhi babe sengozini enkulu yokufa ukwakha amahlule. Uma yakheke futhi iqala ukuhamba kwayo ku egazini, kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi kakhulu abantu.

Sifo izifo yomthambo i-aorta

Okwamanje, kunezindlela eziningana ekuhlonzweni kwezifo, ezithinta elikhulu izitsha ekhona kubantu. The main phakathi kwabo kukhona:

• Echocardiography (transthoracic futhi transesophageal);
• Magnetic resonance imaging,
• Angiography.

Echocardiography iyona elula yezindlela abalwe ngenhla. essence yayo itholakala ukusetshenziswa apharathasi zokuxilonga okuyinto Likhipha futhi ithola amagagasi ultrasonic otraschonnye. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwe ucwaningo transthoracic imiklamo. Kulesi inzwa, ijeli ekhethekile ezinamafutha akahle idluliswa ku esifubeni sesiguli. cwaningo Transesophageal kuyinto indlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu isetshenziswa kakhulu kancane njalo.

Magnetic resonance imaging kuyinto yesimanje kanye kakhulu, kodwa ngempela eqolo indlela ekuxilongweni zokugula yomthambo i-aorta. Siyabonga kuye, ekwazile ngeso lengqondo aorta ngamunye ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu kunika amandla opharetha ukucacisa khona ngisho izinguquko ezincane odongeni isitsha, kuhlanganise ezivamile uphawu aorta.

Angiography ubuye kakhulu indlela ucwaningo. Kulokhu, ukusetshenziswa kwalo lihlotshaniswa izingozi ezithile. Iqiniso lokuthi kakusikho kwesiqokoqela indlela siqukethe ekwethuleni ku isitsha inesikhala ketshezi radiopaque. ngezinye izikhathi kudala umzimba womuntu ukusabela kube yingozi ongafinyelela inkulumo esinzulu. Ngakho-aorta - lena ngempela injongo nzima cwaningo. Le nqubo ivumela ngeso lengqondo ukugeleza kwegazi ngokusebenzisa izitsha. Ngenxa yalokho udokotela owayeqhuba isifundo uzobona wonke izigaba le-aorta, indawo ukusikwa yabo futhi ukunwetshwa, kanye nezinye kwezinso.