Izindaba UmphakathiUhlobo

Aster umndeni (Asteraceae): izici, izithombe, kanye nabamele

Umbuzo kuyoba omunye imindeni ngobukhulu phakathi dicotyledons - Asteraceae (Asteraceae). Bengaboni, sibhekene nabameleli bayo cishe nsuku zonke - ekhaya, ekhishini, nasemigwaqweni. Izimbali Aster umndeni mhlawumbe okuvame kakhulu imbali yethu imibhede izingadi, futhi kuyingxenye ekhishini ngaphandle amafutha sunflower.

umndeni Aster: izici jikelele

Umndeni kuhlanganisa inqwaba kakhulu ezizalwa, kunzima ukunikeza sibalo esiqondile, ke ububanzi kusukela ngo-1100 kuya ku 1300, futhi ezingaphezu kuka-20,000 zinhlobo Iningi izitshalo impova izinambuzane. Le ndawo yokusabalalisa ubanzi ngokwanele, abamele lo mkhaya zitholakala kuzo zonke izindawo zezulu: kusukela ezishisayo kuhlale kushisa futhi kunomswakama kuya emathafeni abandayo, phezulu ezintabeni futhi ogwini kwezilwandle. Zikhula phezu inhlabathi evundile omnyama e kwezihlabathi ehlane. Inani elikhulu zinhlobo enikeziwe Astrov ezibanzi isicelo kwezomnotho e umuntfu lakhetsa kuphila ngato.

Isici esiphawulekayo zonke izitshalo, okubandakanya Asteraceae - a inflorescence eziyinkimbinkimbi - ubhasikidi ukuthi siqukethe izimbali eziningi ezincane nasezintabeni ukucasha, kodwa ndawonye bakha isithombe umxhwele kakhulu.

Isakhiwo imbali

Igama inflorescence njengoba liyazikhulumela: kwesitsha, khona-ke kuyinto umthamo ezithile, okuyinto noma eligoqiwe. Umthamo - esidluliselwa kubo ekupheleni peduncle, kungase kube flat, convex noma ngilugweda. ngenhla nje, kukhona nezinto eziningi izimbali ezincane. Futhi emhlabeni wonke sizungezwe eyodwa noma ngaphezulu imigqa bracts. Zonke izimbali omkhaya sehlukaniswe emihlanu izinhlobo:

  • Ijabulise, ngokuvamile androgynous obufanayo ingasaphathwa. It has ukuma ngamapayipi ezisabalele noma ekugcineni has sezitho zomzimba wakho.
  • Lozhnoyazychkovye izimbali - bona akhiwa jointing amacembe amathathu abe namaswidi alingana amazinyo ngokufanele ku unqenqema.
  • Reed - Corolla ukuma has a tube emifushane lapho bachezuke iphimbo, tho ndawonye. Njengomthetho, banayo stamens emihlanu futhi enye pistil.
  • Funnelform - izimbali ukuma azilingani, genderless, inqobo Corolla tube kakhulu sithuthukiswe ekupheleni (uphondo).
  • Izinhlobo ezimbili zezimbali-lipped - Corolla tube eside ngokwanele, futhi uzimisele by amathebhu ezimbili (izindebe). Kungase kube okufanayo-noma ukuthi ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane.

Uma sithatha isibonelo, ubhekilanga esifanayo, sonke bajwayele bayibheka njengelungelo imbali ahlukene aluhlaza futhi emuhle. Kodwa lena ngokuphelele kusukela umbono wezitshalo. Njengoba empeleni kuyinto inflorescence, equkethe kuka 1,000 embalini ngayinye ezincane (ijabulise), kanye amacembe ububanzi futhi osawolintshi noma ophuzi - umhlanga izimbali. inhlangano Kuyamangalisa eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi usentekenteke, ubunjalo umcabango nemininingwane emincane.

Abamele umndeni ube ifomula imbali ezilandelayo:

* Ca (0, tho) Co (5) (5) G (2).

Kuyinto ejwayelekile wonke Asteraceae. Formula imbali ziqala ngale ndlela: izimbali ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane kufanele izindiza eziningana wesimethri, Calyx, Corolla amacembe eziyisihlanu, stamens 5, ezimbili pistil, esibelethweni phezu kwabo.

Isakhiwo leaf futhi impande

Isakhiwo leaf kungashiwo kuphela ajwayelekile, njengoba kuba impela iqembu elikhulu izitshalo olunikezwa amafomu ahlukahlukene ekuphileni. imbewu Sunflower, burdock, emakhakhasini, asters futhi zinnias, iJerusalema artichokes, isihlahla ukuma, Yarrow, gerberas neminye - wonke umndeni Aster. Sici jikelele ukuthi ilungiselelo amaqabunga, ngokuvamile njalo, kodwa kungase kube kanyekanye kusukela ezinhlangothini ezihlukene. Ubukhulu futhi ukuma ziyahlukahluka ezahlukahlukene kakhulu kusuka kwangu ambalwa kuze kube 2-3 amamitha. abameleli Venation omkhaya ikakhulukazi pinnate. Amaqabunga kungaba pubescent, degree of kobukhulu kuyahlukahluka, izitshalo eziningi babe ngameva.

Impande is kahle futhi iningi izitshalo has a isakhiwo olubalulekile (Taproot evuthiwe futhi abaningi paranasal). Ngokwesibonelo, kwanele kokukhumbula ummeleli evamile umndeni - dandelion, naye futhi akhe uhlelo impande ijwayelekile eziningi. Futhi ukulungiswa kungenziwa uqweqwe ne tuber okusikhumbuza, isibonelo ngesikhathi burdock.

Yini izithelo izitshalo Aster umkhaya?

Asteraceae (Asteraceae) kukhona izithelo achenes. Kuyinto ezomile, imbewu iqukethe okukodwa. Pericarp futhi obunesikhumba uma sesivuthiwe is kuyelelwe bonyana akukafaneli kuphulwe. imfundo elalizobhubhisa achene izinwele ezahlukene, projection lamagatsha yasekuqaleni, nakho kunomthelela ekusakazekeni imbewu emoyeni (dandelion, umhlonyane), nezilwane noma izingubo zabantu (chungechunge, burdock).

ifomu Asteraceae Life

amafomu Life ivezwa cishe ngokuphelele, futhi lokhu ngokuyinhloko ngenxa omkhulu ukusatshalaliswa endaweni, kodwa namanje bitmap (Asteraceae) - kungcono ikakhulukazi izitshalo herbaceous (yonyaka noma zisetshenziswa). Ubukhulu buhluka ezahlukene - ukusuka amancane kakhulu abameleli giant amamitha ambalwa okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Eziningi nezihlahla noma otshanini ngempela usayizi umxhwele (kufika ku 5-8 metres ubude). Ngokwesibonelo, melampodium marsh, bomdabu ukumanzisa, amahlathi exhaphozini of Louisiana e-United States.

Umndeni bitmap unabameleli futhi phakathi izihlahla, nakuba bevela bonke abakhileyo emaphethelweni aseningizimu. Ngokwesibonelo, skaleziya ku Galapagos Islands, ongafinyelela 20 metres ubude, kodwa ke sekuphenduke umkhuba, futhi kulapho ayitholakali yimuphi amagumbi iplanethi. Noma nezitshalo brachylaena bohlobo esuka eNingizimu Afrika. izihlahla Giant, okuyinto abe izinkuni ngokwanele oqinile amelana ukubola, okuyiwona wayazisa kakhulu.

On the Ezimfundeni eziphakeme of New Zealand haatsiya pushkovidnaya yakha lonke zamahlathi. Lesi sakhiwo isihlahla ukuthi sakhaphethi obukhulu ukumboza uhhafu imitha ukuphakama futhi endaweni ngokwanele elikhulu (angakhula eyodwa isitshalo phezulu ngamamitha amabili ububanzi).

Found phakathi imivini Asteraceae (mica, Mutisya), amaSucculents ngisho ifomu ezingavamile wokuphila njengoba tumbleweed (Centaurea diffusa, asteriscus yemifino).

Ngokwesiko, onke Asteraceae zihlukaniswe subfamilies ezimbili: trubkotsvetnye nomhlanga.

bitmap subfamily (trubkotsvetnye)

Iningi imibala - ijabulise. Leli qembu izitshalo kuhlanganisa izizukulwane kwenkulungwane nezizwana engaphezu kwamashumi amabili (isikhundla taxonomic e wezitshalo, okuyinto ingaphansi kwenani lika-umndeni, kodwa lesezingeni leliphakeme). Ngokwesibonelo, futhi elalidume kunawo wonke - a bitmap, kalendulovye, ubhekilanga, anthemideae, tageteae nabanye.

Chicory subfamily (noma latukovye)

isihloko yabo yesibili olimi, ngokungafani kuya umkhaya odlule iqukethe izizwe eziyisikhombisa kuphela, futhi inani Ukuzalwa kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili - ingxenye encane lonke inani izitshalo okuqondene Asteraceae. Abamele Chicory zikhule cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi, buka ukuthi izwe lethu edume kunazo - kuba Chicory, emangalisayo elikhanyayo izimbali blue futhi elulele like ukhula. Noma kunjalo, lesi sitshalo kuyinto enhle uju plant, futhi isetshenziswa ukupheka ikhofi impande.

umndeni Aster: umsoco

Sekuyisikhathi eside leyinye izitshalo alo mkhaya ithandwa e ukupheka, isibonelo sasendulo esaziwa kakhulu - a oilseed sunflower. Izwe lakubo - i-Nyakatfo Melika. Yena ngazivumelanisa nendlela ngokuphumelelayo endaweni yakithi, futhi manje ubhekilanga etshalwa ngendlela yezomnotho. Umkhiqizo eyinhloko ke - Yebo, amafutha sunflower. Kodwa ngalé kwalokho imbewu ekhiqizwa, amafutha hydrogenated (tallow, esetshenziselwa ukulungiswa imajarini insipho), ukukhiqizwa udoti isetshenziswa njengoba kokudla kwezilwane.

Enye omele egqamile futhi ezidliwayo, kodwa, ngenhlanhla sesiyazi, sazi ayibi omkhaya - artichoke (esesithombeni). Ngokwesiko, kubhekwa semifino, kodwa empeleni kuyinto ihlumela lizihlalele. Ngenxa isidlo ehlukene noma side dish, it is asakazwa kakhulu emazweni aseMedithera nase eMelika.

Famous for izimfanelo ukunambitheka kwalo eJerusalema artichoke, kutshalwa hhayi kuphela njengoba ukudla kodwa futhi njengoba isitshalo lobuchwepheshe kwabantu nefoliji lezilwane.

Inani okuhlobisa namakhambi okwelapha

zinhlobo yakhe zokuhlobisa kanye zezimbali umndeni Aster (isithombe) waziwa isikhathi eside.

Abazalanisi etholakala izinhlobo cishe ezingenakubalwa izimbali engadini. Zonke ujwayelene ethandwa Florists Chrysanthemum futhi gerbera. Okungenani kanye njalo ubani zezimbali, asters kutshalwa noma daisy, zinnias futhi marigolds, dahlia futhi ageratum.

izitshalo zokwelapha yizona ethandwa kakhulu futhi ewusizo: chamomile, Yarrow, arnica, uchungechunge, somkhaya, umhlonyane, tansy, marigold nabanye abaningi. ukuphulukisa yabo nomthelela emzimbeni lihlolwe bese kungase kutholakale, Iziphungo noma infusions amakhambi kukhona amakhambi eyigugu kakhulu homeopathic.

Aster umndeni, elimalungu alo zaziwa, mhlawumbe, kubo bonke abantu, wanika izwe isamba Amazing ibhizinisi, zokuhlobisa nezitshalo okwelapha.

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