Avetik Isahakyan: Biography nemisebenzi

Famous imbongi Armenia Avetik Isahakyan kushiya ifa elikhulu tetemibhalo, okuyinto namanje ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, kwaba atholakale abafundi abakhuluma isiRashiya e-ukuhunyushwa ngu-Alexander ngaleyo Blok, Bryusov, Ivan Bunin futhi Pasternak. Ayikho ezithakazelisayo kancane indaba yokuphila kwakhe, lapho phakathi neminyaka elaseSoviet Union wethulwa emphakathini ngo ifomu ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela. Ikakhulukazi, ngisho 20-30 edlule, ngisho e-Armenia ngokwayo, bambalwa abantu base bazi ukuthi owawina Stalin Prize bezinga lokuqala ngo-1921, wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo enhlanganweni "Operation Nemesis".

Avetik Isahakyan: A Biography (ebuntwaneni)

Imbongi wazalwa ngo-1875 e Alexandropol Erivan Isifundazwe (umbuso isiRashiya, manje Gyumri, Armenia). Uyise - Sahak Isahakyan - wayeyindodana abasuka Old Bayezid owaphana 1828 baphoqeleka ukuba ashiye umuzi wakhe futhi kude ngohlelo emuva amabutho isiRashiya e-Shirak esigodini.

Ngiseyingane, nogogo kancane Avo ufundile futhi umama Almast. Njengoba ayevame zaphawula engemingaki kamuva, base samuntu ngaye ekahle yowesifazane wezinzalamizi Armenia, ngokungenamkhawulo ezinikele umndeni wakhe, futhi bezimisele ukukhuthazelela noma ibuphi ubunzima ngenxa lalichumile. Kusukela kubo wayezwile yezinganekwane eziningi zinganekwane, elaba isisekelo se-imisebenzi engcono eyabhalwa kuye.

Isifundo e Seminary

amavesi yakhe yokuqala Avetik Isahakyan waqala ukubhalela eneminyaka engu-11. Ngokushesha umndeni wakhe waqhubeka waya St Echmiadzin, lapho ehlangana nabafundi we owaziwa kulo lonke Christian East Gevorgyan Seminary. Nakuba ulwazi ingane bayidlulise ukuhlolwa yokungena, isikhungo edingekayo ukuphathwa ukuhambisa amaphepha for imfundo yamabanga aphansi, abangasizakalanga ngakho kwaba Isahakyan. Khona-ke abazali bakhe batshelwa ukuthumela indodana yayo ukuba esikoleni ngoba unyaka at the Archa sezindela. Kube Avetik yabonisa ngokuzimisela okukhulu, futhi wabuyela Echmiadzin ngo-1889, kwenza kwaba nomfutho omkhulu ngokushesha e 3 ekilasini sabefundisi.

Thanda abanye abafundi 150 abavela ezingxenyeni ezahlukene eMpumalanga Western Armenia ngo-1891 Avetik Isahakyan ezimpini kwemibhikisho umfundi. Enye yezimfuneko zokusinda zabantu abasha, abenqaba ukuya izinkulumo, yayiwukuba ayikhulule kusukela mirootrecheniya yabo isithembiso evimbela zokuxhumana nabantu abangakholwa, ngaphandle ukuvakashelwa umndeni ngezikhathi ezithile. Hhayi ukuba labo, abafundi abaningi amakilasi phakathi, kuhlanganise ikusasa odumile, washiya esikoleni sobufundisi.

Isifundo phesheya

Lwati lolutfolakele sabefundisi, lapho ngaphezu izifundo zenkolo eziningi ukunakwa sakhokhwa emfundisweni izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, baye basiza Avetiku Isaakyanu ohambweni lwakhe ngokusebenzisa Europe, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho kusuka 1892 kuya 1895, wafunda ukuhlakanipha kwenkohliso eyize anthropology at University of Leipzig. Khona-ke le nsizwa yahamba eGeneva, lapho ubehambele khona ingqungquthela izinkulumo of G. V. Plehanova, owenza kwamthinta kakhulu.

Ukujoyina kwababusi "Dashnaktsutiun"

Lapho ebuyela Eastern Armenia, Avetik Isahakyan ukuzinikela emzabalazweni zezombusazwe. Nalokhu, yena zahlangana imisebenzi engekho emthethweni ensimini ka Russian Empire, omunye omdala Armenia amaqembu ezombusazwe "Dashnaktsutyun". yobushoshovu wakhe uye waphawuleka, futhi ngo-1896 imbongi waboshwa wagqunywa unyaka wonke ejele, Erivan, okwathi ngemva kwalokho wadingiselwa Odessa.

Thola imvume yokuya phesheya, wathuthela Zurich, lapho babelalela nezinkulumo izincwadi futhi umlando ifilosofi enyuvesi wendawo. Nokho Isaakyan akakwazanga ukuhlala isikhathi eside ekhaya, wabuyela Alexandroupoli ngo-1902, futhi ngahileleka kakhulu emzabalazweni ngokwenhlakanipho wamavukelambuso emelene nohulumeni tsarist. Yena yafuna ukuba khona kwakhe Tbilisi, lapho imbongi waphinde waboshwa ngo-1908 futhi ezinyangeni eziyi-6 athunyelwa ejele Metekhi kanye nabamele nezazi-Armenian.

Life ekudingisweni

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi Isaakyan kungabi "kabusha imfundo", iziphathimandla isithathe isinqumo sokumnquma Insimu Empire Russian. Ngo-1911, imbongi waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye izwe sazinza eJalimane. Ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, wayekhathazeka kakhulu ngosizi Armenia e-Turkey, lapho uhulumeni zwe esolwa asekelayo Russia. Ngesikhathi esifanayo beshushiswa futhi ezimpini, ngisho abakhileyo ezindaweni okwakunzima buqamama ezinkulungwane amakhilomitha kusuka front line.

Ukuze avimbele Isaakyan ukubhuqwa nge Johannes Lepsius futhi Paulem Rorbahom, eyayihlelwe German-Armenia Society, kwaba ukuziqhakambisa Western phezu usizi lwamaKristu eMpumalanga. Nokho, yonke imizamo ukuvimbela ukubhuqwa aziphumelelanga, futhi ngo-1915 umbimbi yaseJalimane - Young Turks - imikhawulo ngempumelelo yezinhloso zalo eziyinhloko - yokukhululwa Western Armenia kusukela bomdabu ngokusebenzisa kohlanga yayo.

Avetik Isahakyan: indima ekusebenzeni "Nemesis"

Nakuba ngemuva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, Turkey ngokwayo ugxeke abagqugquzeli ukucekelwa futhi wagwetshwa engekho kwabanye, kuhlanganise omunye uhulumeni "triumvirate" Talaat Pasha, ukufa, iningi labo lalihlala kahle e-Europe. Ngo-1919, iqembu namalungu "Dashnaktsutyun" waqhamuka nohlelo yokuziphindiselela. ukusebenza yabo "Nemesis", okusho ukubhujiswa ngokomzimba Abahleli ngalo ukuqothulwa kohlanga lakhiwe. Isaakyan Avetik Saakovich wathatha asebenzayo nengxenye kulona.

Ngokwe walondoloza zalotshwa, akukona nje abazingeli phansi ngababaleki eJalimane izigebengu Turkish, kodwa futhi bazinikela ukuba abe Bhalobhasha yesibili, okuyinto wadutshulwa Talaat Pasha, uma Soghomon Tehliryan aphuthelwe. Ukubulawa owayenguNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi Turkey owabanjwa mhlaka 15 Mashi 1921 e-Berlin. Kulokhu, isiphazamiso Isahakian kungadingeki, kodwa inkantolo isiJalimane, yaphenduka uhlobo eNuremberg Trial izigebengu mladoturkskimi ukhululiwe umphindiseli Armenia.

Ekuthunjweni

Engxenyeni namathathu banesifo esibi kwekhulu elidlule yesibili, likahulumeni waseSoviet isibe mathupha ngaphezulu ukubuyela e-USSR lezihlakaniphi abavelele. Phakathi kwalabo sithembisa ukusekela okugcwele ezweni, futhi kwaba Avetik Isahakyan, oye okukhulunywa cindezela European ekusekeleni imizamo eminingi isimo abasha. Wabuyela Yerevan ngo-1936 futhi wakhethwa Usihlalo Armenia Writers 'Union yase-USSR, Academician we-Academy of Sciences futhi ilungu Republican woMkhandlu Ephakeme. Poet wafa ngo-1957 futhi wangcwatshwa onkulunkulu kwedolobha Yerevan.

ekudalweni

Into esemqoka ukuthi Avetik Isahakyan izinto ezaziwayo - nezinkondlo Motherland, mayelana isabelo esisindayo isisebenzi abavamile futhi ukunxanela kwakhe inkululeko. Abaningi e imbongi kanye zingoma, okuyinto owayedume uthando owesifazane nomama.

retellings neziphawulekayo esankondlo legends eyabhalwa kuye, njengokuthi "inhliziyo kamama" ( "Mor Sirte"). Avetik Isahakyan kulo msebenzi isitshela indaba insizwa, okwakuphume kuye ubuhle nesihluku kudinga lothando, inhliziyo kanina. Ngemva kokunqikaza kakhulu, kukuphathe kabi nsizwa yenza umthandi isicelo abulale owesifazane owenza ukuba ukukhanya. Lapho odlula othandekayo wakhe, khona-ke okhubekisa, kodwa inhliziyo kanina ezingalweni zakhe wababaza: "Umfana wami abampofu, awuzange uzilimaze?"

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi ukuphila kube nzima wahlala kanjani Avetik Isahakyan. Tinkondlo e-Armenia, adalwe kuye, wezwa ngazo zonke izikole ezweni lakubo, futhi usize abafana namantombazane ufunde ukuhlakanipha wakudala abantu bembethe asesimweni senkondlo.