Beatniks - ke ... Ukubukeka, isiko kanye izincwadi Beat

Ngezinye izikhathi engxoxweni phakathi kwabantu ungezwa amagama afana nelithi "Isitolo". Mhlawumbe othile akusho baliqonde. Eqinisweni, i-beatniks - igama liye livele ukuze ubheke amalungu isiko elithile. Leli gama livela isizukulwane beat, ukuzwa kukhulunywa ngezintaba esavela 1940. Ngokokuqala ngqá leli gama kwahlongozwa ngo-1958, kwakusho a stratum ezithile zomphakathi zabantu abasha kwekhulu XX, okwakubekelwa libhekene wesithunywa bazonda umphakathi nangokuthi ukwenqaba bendabuko amasiko abantu.

Kangakanani leli elithi

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi kancane-isizukulwane (beat isizukulwane) nge-English elihunyushwe ngokuthi "ukushaya isizukulwane." Ngokokuqala ngqá ukuzimisela okunjalo iye esashiwo Jack Kerouac. He kubhekwa omunye izibalo eyinhloko lokhu kuthambekela. Ngokusho bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, kulesi sizukulwane abantu beza esikhundleni sangaphambilini, alibiza ngokuthi "wanyamalala". Ungase ucabange ukuthi igama elithi "beatnik" laqanjwa Kerouac, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso. Leli gama livele kancane kamuva, ngo-1958. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi kumiswa izwi isiRashiya Isijobelelo wabolekwa "-nik". Ingxenye yokuqala yegama, ie beat, e sidolobha abaculi jazz we sikhathi saba ukubaluleka "ubumpofu" futhi "ukuphelelwa yithemba." Nokho, Dzhek Keruak akhenge alamukele eside futhi bacabanga asihambisani kahle.

Igama elithi "Isitolo"

Uma ulandela definition yokuqala igama elithi, beatniks - intsha ngesilevu, nezimbadada, ngokuvamile kuyabonakala abahambahamba phakathi komuzi, ehlezi ezitolo zekhofi. Ngokuyinhloko echazwa ngokuthi yizilwanyana eziwuhlupho bese abalandeli omculo we-jazz. Leli gama ngokuvamile ngomqondo ongathandeki, kwadingeka okutheni ocasulayo, ngomqondo, kwakubhekwa njengesibusiso wokuhlekwa usulu. Ngakho, singasho ukuthi beatniks - a subculture ukuthi kwavela phakathi nekhulu XX futhi yathi chithi saka.

Ngokusho kwabanye, leli gama azange abe ukubaluleka ngqo futhi ekuqaleni wakhonza ukhombise abantu abaningi abanale ngandlela-thile ayikaxhumaniswa imvelo bokubeka-New York City. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ekupheleni kwawo-1950, leli gama lasho intsha abangazange wayebathanda ekhethekile iphupho American - okungukuthi, umsebenzi wokuziphilisa omuhle, ikhaya, imoto nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo.

ukubukeka ejwayelekile beatnik

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, beatniks - kuba kunalokho indlela yokuphila, hhayi ngisho isitayela. Le ndlela yokuphila kwakusho uhlobo engavamile izingubo. Ngokuyinhloko beatniks begqoke fancy kakhulu, ngokushesha olubonakalayo mass elikhulu labantu. Ngokuvamile ukubukeka abameleli lo mkhuba badideka ne abafundi yobuciko zezifundiswa, ababephakathi abalandeli omculo we-jazz.

Isihloko oyinhloko Isitolo izingubo kwaba ijezi elimnyama ube nentamo okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye turtleneck abamnyama. Berets nabo bebekhona ethandwa, ngezinye izikhathi beatniks egqoka ezimhlophe izikibha, ngaphandle ngempela imidwebo nemibhalo eqoshiwe. Ngokuvamile abameleli lo mkhuba ababekanye 2 imigqomo (bongo). Izibuko - enye imfanelo kancane-isiqondiso, labo okwakulindeleke ukuba njengomuzi ongangeneki. Kube kwekhanda ethile, ngokuyisisekelo sasinezinwele eside phansi emahlombe akhe, ngokuvamile ngqo. Izicathulo ethandwa kakhulu phakathi beatniks - black lesikhumba amabhuzu e okuhlukile.

Uma sikhuluma izingubo yabesifazane, i-ikakhulu amantombazane egqoka amasokisi amnyama, tights kanye sweaters. Futhi okudume babe Capri amabhulukwe iziketi ezinde, futhi ngo-black.

Laba bameleli be-aziwa kakhulu ase-lo mkhuba

Yiqiniso, abamele lo mkhuba kwaba okuningi. Nokho, ngokuvamile kubhekwa umuntu othile. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinkondlo Beat unendima emaphakathi elingakholelwa kuyo emiphakathini yakubo. Akumangazi ukuthi abantu ababemi ngesiqondiso imbeleko-bit, baba ikakhulukazi abalobi kanye izimbongi. Ngakho lokhu abantu 3: Lyusen Karr, Allen Ginsberg futhi Dzhek Keruak. Ngemva kwesikhashana kulolu hlu uye agcwaliswa negama elilodwa ngaphezulu - Uilyam Berrouz. Kungase kubonakale ukuthi akasho zidlala indima ebalulekile enjalo, kodwa ukubaluleka kwayo ekuthuthukiseni ephezulu kancane-isiko. Njengoba yaziwa, lo beatniks - akusiwona nje izingubo noma ukubukeka, kungcono yokuphila futhi umugqa yokucabanga, isiko lalo kanye izinkondlo. Ingabe uphenyo eminye.

"Anthology of Poetry we Beat": ukuthi kuyini

Kwaphela isikhathi eside khona bitnicheskoy yayo isiko eyaqanjwa imisebenzi eminingi tetemibhalo, kokubili temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba futhi evesini. On isihloko sale yokuphila utlole iqoqo abameleli kancane-isiqondiso. Ngakho-ke, incwadi yakhishwa ngo-2004, lapho kwaba iqoqo lokuqala izinkondlo of Eshaya, kanye okunye okubalulekile theory ku bit-isiqondiso. "Anthology we Beat" ubhekwa edition ngobukhulu aphuma phakathi ubufakazi bokuba khona kwalesi isitayela ukuphila ngesiRashiya. Ngokuthakazelisayo, eziningi izinkondlo ishicilelwe kule ncwadi zahunyushelwa olimini Russian okokuqala.

Le ncwadi iqukethe ezinye imidwebo oluchaza we umlobi odumile futhi beatniks. Ukufunda is iqoqo olukhulu izinto esiyingqayizivele, ungakwazi ngempela bagxuma isiko beatnik nokuqonda imicabango nemibono ibalulekile kubo, futhi benamandla umuzwa isiqondiso.