ULeif Eriksson - Viking owathola iMelika ngaphambi Columbus

ULeif Erikson (bheka isithombe ngezansi.) - Viking abadumile, owayesesimweni Melika emakhulwini amahlanu eminyaka ngaphambi Columbus. Kuphela itilosi, ngokungafani Genoese akazange ukuqhubeka nezifundo zabo futhi kancane zwe. Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-500 ezayo kungekho European akakavakasheli aseMelika. Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela kafushane kwakho mayelana travel zaseScandinavia nezihlobo zakhe.

ULeif Eriksson. Yini wathola?

Umbuzo noma ngabe baseYurophu wavakashela Melika ngaphambi Columbus, sekunesikhathi eside impikiswano. Kukhona milando ezimbili ezichaza travel uLeif Eriksson nabafowabo - "Saga-Erik the Red" futhi "Saga the Greenlanders". Kodwa kokubili imisebenzi ezidalwe XIII leminyaka, okungukuthi, emva kweminyaka engamakhulu amabili Wachaza izenzakalo. Ngakho eyibhalela a asebenzisa khulula nencazelo yalokho okwenzeka. Nokho, i-naseVinland ongaqondakali, esathola amaViking, kukhulunywa ngalo Adam waseBremen (Umlobi womlando medieval). Yiqiniso, lo somabhizinisi wamchaza ngala mazwi ka iNkosi ka Denmark Sven indlu ka estridsen.

Okokugcina, umbuzo usule kuphela ngemva kokutholakala abavubukuli Canadian. Labrador futhi Newfoundland, bathola izindawo viking amasayithi. Ngemva kwalokho, akekho abe nokuzaza bonyana uLeif Eriksson owathola iMelika ngaphambi Columbus. Nakuba uma ukholwa okuqukethwe kwe "Saga grenladtsah", Viking wayesalokhu abale ezimbili. Owathola IMelika - uBjarni Heryulfson.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi, waya Greenland. Huddling ngendlela ukwenza umzila uBjarni wabona emkhathizwe ezweni. Heryulfson awuhambanga ogwini, kodwa lapho efika Greenland, wakhuluma ngokuningiliziwe mayelana konke lokho ababekubona kwakusho ukuthini omakhelwane. ULeif Eriksson abanesifiso indaba yakhe. Indodana ka-Erik the Red, ngubani wasungula wokuqala eNingizimu Greenland Viking isiphetho, ngokushesha ngaqaphela ukuthi iningi yalesi siqhingi omkhulu ayihlalwa muntu. ngasenyakatho kusengaphambili kwaba okuyingozi futhi iyingozi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sasingenayo ukhuni ukwakha imikhumbi. Kodwa lokho akuzange kubavimbe Viking.

Ukutholakala emazweni amasha

ULeif Eriksson wathenga umkhumbi kaBjarni e. Khona-ke Wabutha iqembu labantu 35 futhi sabheka entshonalanga. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili, i-Scandinavians baye bathola ebhishi, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo watshela Heryulfson. Izindawo ezivakashelwe ka uLeif yasungulwa amagama: Land-mlilo (Helluland), ezweni ihlathi (Markland) nezwe Igilebhisi (naseVinland). Kakade yaziwa okuyinto izindawo Greenland wathola Eriksson. Markland - a Labrador, futhi Helluland - Baffin Island. Kuphela indawo naseVinland kuze kube impikiswano. Kwakulapho ukuthi Viking sebefike endaweni ababezolala kuyo ebusika, bese sibuyela ekhaya.

umndeni Okuhambayo

Ngemva kokutholakala Greenland Eriksson wahlela ukuba kwenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakoloni ezifundeni ezintsha. Eshukunyiswa uhambo ULeif, ngaya zibhukuda umfowabo Thorvald. Ngokushesha wabona Melika futhi wakwazi ukuqala settlement kukhona. Kodwa leli koloni yaba ngeyesikhashana. Ngemva konyaka, amaViking sibhekene ubudlova bendawo. AmaNdiya abulala cishe bonke abantu. Empini esezibulala Torvald.

Eyesibili umzalwane uLeif - Thorstein - futhi bahamba ngomkhumbi baya entshonalanga. Yiqiniso, Melika akalokothi ufinyelelwe. Ngokusobala, lo mkhumbi ekuqaleni Thorstein walibhekisa eningizimu. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, Viking bahamba ngomkhumbi baya Hudson sika Bay, bese elahlekile isineke wabuya. Ngemva kwalokho u-Erik izihlobo Red BakaJehova baye benza esinye imikhankaso ezimbili noma ezintathu, kodwa ukwazile ukuthola isizinda kuleli zwekazi.

naseVinland ongaqondakali

Kubonakala sengathi ngaphansi leli gama efihla Newfoundland. AmaViking wathola abavubukuli esiqhingini yokupaka lisho ngokucacile ukuthi abantu ababe yizibukeli ngesikhathi ekuqaleni kwekhulu XI. Kuphela igama kuyadukisa. Ubani wavakashela isiqhingi, uyati mayelana inombolo encane zomvini ezikhulayo. Ngakho-ke, abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uLeif Eriksson, ogama biography sekufikile kibo bonke Scandinavians eyaziwa kwesokunxele Labrador ukuba New England. Futhi kukhona nje okuningi amagilebhisi asendle.

Ochwepheshe baye bangabaza lo mbono. ULeif kwaba itilosi abanolwazi kakhulu. Wathola ayekufuna, futhi cishe engozini, uya eningizimu. Zikhona nezinye izinguqulo umsuka igama naseVinland. Omunye wabo uthi uLeif Ericsson uye christened leli zwe ngendlela ehlukile kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igama wasonteka, futhi kuleli fomu iwumkhumba Danish Korol Sven, owatshela zonke Adamu yabonisa waseBremen. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, igama naseVinland kuyinto ukukhangisa. Ngakho Eriksson wazama kulesi siqhingi izifiki entsha. Esivuna lo mbono Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngoba Greenland efanayo - lokhu akukona emhlabeni oluhlaza njengoba igama layo kusho.