Bezinhlamvu imithombo

I bezinhlamvu womthombo isetshenziswa ngesikhathi imishini. Izinjongo zalolu isici yakhiwa uqukethe ukuchitheka umhlabathi ngaphakathi. Faka ikholomu in emgodini ekuqaleni yamba.

Ngesikhathi esigabeni sokugcina isikhala phakathi odongeni wellbore kanye bezinhlamvu ligcwele ukhonkolo. Yini ungafunda kabanzi ngezansi. ukufakwa Eminye imishini kuhambisana ukufakwa amadivayisi phakathi bezinhlamvu, okumele kukhethwe kucatshangelwa izimo yephrojekthi. Kuzoba olunqunyiwe ububanzi futhi imbobo ubukhulu.

Indlela ukukhetha ubukhulu

I diameters we bezinhlamvu zithinte umkhiqizo womthombo. Lapho lesi silinganiso kuyinto, aba maningi umthamo wamanzi bazokwazi ukuthola. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukugeleza rate kufanele ukuchaza ubukhulu kwencani, okuyinto uzokwazi ukwanelisa izidingo zemikhaya emanzini. Lezi nemingcele ezidingekayo ukuze uzokhetha ka bezinhlamvu.

Inani Eliphakeme amanzi ukusetshenziswa ngoba indlu ezweni noma villa kungenziwa kunqunywa ekubaleni inani lamaphuzu of ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kungaba ekhishini, sakhiwo ngenkasa, umshini wokuwasha yokugezela. Kulesi simo, inani lamanzi ukusetshenziswa cishe 3 m ³ / h. Uma sikhuluma ikhaya noma cottage, lokhu ipharamitha kuzohluka ku ezahlukene 4 kuya kwangu-8 ³ / h.

Sibambe ubukhulu ukubala

Ukubalwa bezinhlamvu lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako, ezama ukubala ububanzi okuyinto kuzoncika ngwenya imishini futha. Uma kukholamu itholakala kuleli zwe lapho vodoraskhod cishe 3 m ^{3 /} h, sebenzisa 75-mm futha. Uma izinga ukugeleza luyanda kuya kwangu-8 ³ / h, ububanzi we futha kufanele sifinyelele 102 mm. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi yamanzi ehlukene anda ashukumisayo noma static izinga lamanzi, kulesi simo futha e ipayipi kufanele hang.

Ukukhetha ipayipi ubukhulu for 75mm kwe-futha kumele kube kanje: 75 + 4 + 8 = 87. Lapho 4 - igebe phakathi ikholomu futhi imishini, kuyilapho 8 - iyona ukushuba odongeni ipayipi. Ngenxa yokuthi i-bezinhlamvu unamahlangothi ejwayelekile, kubalulekile ukukhetha nemingcele okuyizinto esiseduzane umuntu ebalisisiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, 87 89 mm afaneleka kakhulu, 108 noma 114 mm.

Ngaphansi ubukhulu akhethiwe kwakuzodingeka ukuhlomisa kahle, lokhu samuntu kuzoxoxwa njengoba ukonga kakhulu. Uma ukhetha 102-mm futha, izibalo kufanele kwenziwe inqubo ngenhla kuye. Ukuze lokhu kumele kwengezwe ipharamitha 4 futhi 8 mm, lapho uzothola 114 mm.

Nokho, Ukukhetha ipayipi bezinhlamvu kuleli cala, 114 mm kungenzeka encomekayo, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthenga isitokwe ipayipi ubukhulu, ekugcineni ongayithola bezinhlamvu, ububanzi okuyinto kuhluka 127 kuya 133 mm.

Ekuqiniseni bezinhlamvu

Ekuqiniseni bezinhlamvu amayunithi wezinhlamvu kungase kwenziwe omunye izikimu eziningana. Eyokuqala ibizwa ngokuthi ngqo futhi kuhilela umjovo zibe ikholomu ingxube odlulayo ukuba isihlangu. Isixazululo engena isikhala annular futhi kugcwele kusukela phansi kuze. Isikimu yesibili ibizwa ngokuthi i-reverse okuphakelayo ngxube kuyahluka ebusweni. Ukwakheka injected idluliswa phansi.

Uma kuziwa ngezinga ezimbonini, it is ezisetshenziswa kakhulu indlela yokuqala. Kulesi simo cementation Kwenziwa ngesinyathelo esisodwa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ivolumu ikhambi is extruded ngqo. Lapho bezinhlamvu has a eside, baphendukela ekuqiniseni ezimbili isigaba. Ububanzi umsebenzi kuleli cala sehlukaniswe ngezikhawu, kusetshenziswa imishini enye.

Indlela obengeziwe ekuqiniseni kuphuma cuff, esetshenziswa lapho isidingo sokuvikela emgqonyeni ngokumelene Ukungena isixazululo. Lehlukanisa esifundeni cuff isebangeni e elikhiqizayo kumiswa isikhawu. Kunezindlela yokugcwalisa isixazululo kufihlwe amakholomu kanye nezigaba, ezenza abelwe eqenjini ehlukile.

Ilungiselela imishini for ekuqiniseni

kungase kudingeke imishini elandelayo wekusebenta ekuqiniseni amakholomu:

• ekuqiniseni apharathasi;
• usimende-ukuxuba imishini;
• ekuqiniseni ikhanda;
• ekubunjweni Imigudu.

amayunithi ekuqiniseni ziyadingeka ukulungiswa usimende kanye nokuphoqa isixazululo phakathi kahle uma ngingaphansi kokucindezeleka. imishini Usimende-ukuxuba asetshenziselwa izinjongo ezifana, kodwa ikhanda ekuqiniseni kudingeka uxubha umgqomo futhi grouting izindonga.

Imigudu asetshenziswa uma ufuna abalekele ekuqiniseni ezimbili isigaba. imishini Ngezinye izikhathi ngisho encane adingekayo umsebenzi, okuyilezi:

• nezimo metal amapayipi amanzi;
• High ingcindezi ompompi;
• amadivaysi zokusabalalisa yesixazululo.

Ziyini izimpokophelo ekuqiniseni

Ekuqiniseni kwenziwa ukuba azixoshe uketshezi imishini kusukela annulus. Isixazululo wokufaka ikhuphukela ukuphakama ezithile, okuyinto bhalisiwe e ukubala ukuthethwa kwecala. ekuqiniseni ubuchwepheshe inikeza:

• ukugeza ukufuduka uketshezi;
• ukuvikela ikhambi ukuxhumana ketshezi egeza;
• ugcwalisa umgqomo isixazululo isikhawu phezu ubude balo lonke;
• adhesion kakhulu ukuqinisa nokunamathisela ne izindonga Borehole.

Uma bezinhlamvu kahle uzobe lwaqinisa qualitatively, luyokwandisa ubude bokuphila izakhiwo eziyisisekelo futhi ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa, kanye ukusebenza.

I Uzalo we bezinhlamvu: ukulungiselela

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi bezinhlamvu Shutter isidingo yayo ukuletha Rig. Uketshezi kumele kwenziwe ngesikhathi ukugudla ekhethekile noma crane. Kakhulu angeke akhishwe phakathi osenyameni bezinhlamvu.

On luhlolo ipayipi ngaphambi kokufakwa kufanele kuhlolelwe ukusonteka amalunga, ugobile ngokuhlukana we impahla, khona namantombazane wanquma kuphelile. Amapayipi kufanele kuhlolelwe roundness, bese embondelene kwebhuloho ukuze Uzalo ukulandelana. Yehla bezinhlamvu kumele kwenziwe emva izakhi izinombolo kanye steel yokulinganisa tape.

ukulungiselela umgqomo

Ukuze ugweme ukuxakeka phakathi Uzalo kwekholomu, kubalulekile ukulungiselela wellbore. Izinhlobo nobubanzi umsebenzi kuzoncika isimo isiqu, ubude nokuba yinkimbinkimbi ingxenye evulekile engxenyeni umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukucacisa ngezikhawu lapho kukhona ubunzima ku wehlise ithuluzi. Zingase zibekwe Amashalofu okubeka ekwakhekeni, constriction izingxenye emgqonyeni zone kanye Ukuphakama kwephimbo.

Ngaphambi yokululama izakhiwo ketshezi egeza kufanele siyakazwe kahle. Isikhathi le nqubo kumele kube amabili noma umjikelezo ngaphezulu. Ekupheleni ketshezi egeza sengezwe graphite noma uwoyela lula Uzalo we bezinhlamvu.

bezinhlamvu yehla

In the isinyathelo esilandelayo bezinhlamvu lehliselwa singene kahle le njongo: centralizers, scrapers futhi turbulators. Phakathi Uzalo, kubalulekile ukuqapha ngokugcinwa ikholomu oda ukukha, enikezwa amaqembu ukuhlela amandla steel pipe odongeni ukujiya.

I kahle sokuqala ingxenye engezansi bezinhlamvu, okubandakanya izicathulo. izakhi ikholomu phansi kumele kusetshenzwe ngokusebenzisa ukuqina igrisi esekelwe epoxy resin. Ukusebenzisa valve-non-ukubuya kuleli cala, ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi kuyiqiniso uma kahle has a imibukiso igesi.

By wellhead ngokulandelana supply igemfe shabloniruyut yabo phambi ukuphambana. Ngesandla Esiqinile cylindrical gauge kumele ibe ipayipi kusukela elihlangana. Wehlise bezinhlamvu, kubalulekile ukugcina i-akhawunti ye amapayipi stackable faka inombolo nto, amandla iqembu steel pipe obuphelele odongeni ukujiya. Okubalulekile kokugcina tube obuphelele isisindo sawo Imininingwane.

isiphetho

Njengoba ipayipi bezinhlamvu isetshenziswa ngezinto ezahlukene, kungaba ipulasitiki, ukhuni, metal kanye nemikhiqizo asbestos usimende. izingxenye Plastic ziye Aya ngokuya ethandwa kakhulu, kwaba nomthelela kule nkinga ukusebenza kakhulu.