Big Shigir idol: isithombe, ubudala, incazelo

Shigir idol ingenye yemibukiso ebaluleke kunazo zonke ye-museum ye-Sverdlovsk yesifundazwe. Kutholakale ngo-1890 lapho kuthuthukiswa umgodi wegolide. Isikhumbuzo sokwebuciko obudala, esasihlala ngaphansi komhlaba iminyaka eyizinkulungwane, asizange sithole ukuqashelwa nokuhlonishwa emhlabeni wonke ngokushesha. I-Great Shigir idol yahlala engxenyeni yesitolo seyamamyuziyamu iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu, futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule kwenza ososayensi babe nesithakazelo kuso. Kodwa mayelana nakho konke okuhlelekile.

Thola

Ekupheleni kwegolide le-XIX leminyaka laqala ukukhishwa kwi-Urals. Awuzange uyishaye indiva abavukuzi kanye nendawo ye-Shigir peat bog. Insimbi eyigugu yahlushwa ezimayini ezijulile. Ingqimba ekhangayo ye-peat yayifihliwe hhayi ngegolide kuphela: cishe kusukela ekuqaleni kokukhipha, abasebenzi baqala ukuthola izinto ezihlukahlukene zasendulo zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ama-Shards of izitsha, imifanekiso yamasiko kanye nezinye izinto ezincane zezinsuku ezedlule kwakuyizimboni zokuthola okuvelele.

NgoJanuwari 24, 1890 ukusuka emamitha amane kuya ekukhanyeni kwaphakamisa izingxenye zokhuni zesikhombiso esihle. Ezinye izakhi, ngokusobala, kanye kuphela zaziyi-single elilodwa, elenziwe ku-trr larch. Isikhumbuzo esitholakale sezobuciko zasendulo sabizwa ngokuthi "Great Shigir Idol" futhi sanikelwa emnyuziyamu.

Izakhiwo ezimbili

Umzamo wokuqala wokubuyisela isithombe esimweni sawo sokuqala wenziwa ngu-DI Lobanov owayengumlondolozi. Namuhla, inguqulo yakhe yokwakha kabusha ibhekwa ukuthi ayiphumelelanga. Emsebenzini wakhe u-DI Lobanov wasebenzisa kuphela ingxenye yezakhi zezithombe, lo mfanekiso waba ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-2.8.

Ngemva kwesikhashana, ngo-1914, enye, kodwa kwakhiwa kabusha okwakungaphumelela. Umvubukuli u-V. Ya. Tolmachev waphawula ukwehluleka okusobala esakhiweni esithweswa yilo mfanekiso: izakhi zomuntu ngamunye azixhunyiwe, azizange zibe yinto eyodwa. Usosayensi uye wakha uhlelo lwakhe lokuvuselela kabusha. Ngemuva kokushintsha, isithombe se-Shigir "sakhula" sibe ngu-5.3 m.

Umsebenzi omkhulu kaTolmachev awuwona nje ekutholeni kwelogi yangaphakathi yokuxhumeka kwezingxenye zomuntu ngamunye, kodwa futhi emidwebo eningiliziwe, namuhla esivumela ukuba sithole isithombe esiphelele setshe lesikhumbuzo sasendulo.

Shigir idol: incazelo

Isithombe esiqoshiwe sihlotshiswe ikhanda elibhekene nambili. Umzimba wesithombe, obizwa nangokuthi umzimba, ubukeka njengendwangu ephahleni ehlotshiswe ngomhlobiso. Lapho ehlolwa eduze, uTolmachev wathola ubuso obuningi kuwo. Ngamunye wabo uhlotshaniswa, kanye nomhlobiso, umdwebo ohlukile, ngokungafani nabanye. Usosayensi wachaza futhi wabeka imibala emihlanu efana nalokhu (kanye nekhanda - eyisithupha). Ezintathu zazo zazitholakala ngaphambili kwesithombe kanye nambili - ngemuva. Kweminye imifanekiso, okuthiwa isitayela se-skeleton yisici (izakhi ze-skeleton zibonakala kulo mfanekiso).

Ingxenye engezansi yesithombe injengezinyawo: inomumo wesigqoko ngesikhombisi esisekelweni. Ngokusho kososayensi, lesi sithombe sasimi ngokuqondile, sincike phezu kwensika. Akazange aqedwe phansi.

Namuhla, isithombe se-Shigir, isithombe esingabonwa kulesi sihloko, sinezingxenye ezimbili kuphela (ukuphakama okuphelele kuyinto 3.5 m). Izivakashi eziseMyuziyamu ziboniswa isici esiphakeme, sigcwaliswe yinhloko, nesinye esingaphansi, esakhiwe ngesigodi. Isifakiwe esiphakathi sanyamalala ngaphansi kwezimo ezingaziwa ekuqaleni noma phakathi nekhulu lokugcina. Mayelana naye namuhla ungahlulela kuphela ngemidwebo yeTolmachev.

Isikhumbuzo Semikhuba Yasendulo

Imihlobiso yesithombe kuze kube yimanje ayinaso incazelo engavamile. Uma ingxenye ngayinye yesithombe, ephela nge-mask, imelela eyodwa noma enye umoya, ukubekwa kwabo ngokuqondile kungabonisa ubukhulu bempi ephakeme ekhona phakathi kwabakhileyo basendulo be-Urals.

Imidwebo ngayinye yezingxenye iqukethe okuthiwa amabala, izingxenye ezimbili ezincane. Lezi zakhi zifanekisela izithombe ze-Urals. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi bafanekisela umphefumulo noma inhliziyo. Ukufuna inguqulo yakamuva ithi indawo ye "amabala" ngakwesokunxele.

Imihlobiso ingabuye ichaze izinkolelo ze-cosmogonic (umlando wokubukeka kwezwe, umsuka wabantu nazo zonke izinto eziphilayo). Kulesi simo, ilungiselelo eliqondile lidlula ukulandelana kwezenzakalo ezenzeka.

Uhlobo lukaProfesa V. Chudinov luhlukile. Wandisa ukuhlobisa kwikhompyutha futhi wathola izithombe ezifana nezincwadi nemibhalo. Ngokusho kukaprofesa, isithombe sinkulunkulukazi wasendulo waseSlavic uMaru, owayephethe ukugula nokufa.

Inani

Ukuqaphela kakhulu izazi zeShigir idol zenziwa kuphela ngo-1997. Khona-ke abasebenzi basezikhundleni ezimbili eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg baqhuba ngokuhlaziya isithunzi se- radiocarbon . Shigir idol, iminyaka yobudala yayinganiselwa eminyakeni eyi-9,5 eyinkulungwane, yayineminyaka eminingi kunezimpondo zamaGibhithe! Manje isithombe sithole udumo lomhlaba wonke.

Ngesithombe esikhulu kunazo zonke nesidala kunazo zonke, kuboniswe ukuboniswa okhethekile, okuvumela izivakashi ukuba zibonise ngaphandle kokusongela ukubhujiswa okuqhubekayo. Emnyuziyamu, umbukiso othi "Shigir Pantry" waqala ukusebenza, lapho ngaphandle kwesithombe ngokwawo, okunye okuthola kule ndawo nakho kwafakwa.

Ubuso obusha

Kulokhu ukuzijabulisa kwesithombe akuphelanga. Ngo-2003, ngenkathi kuhlelwe ukuhlelwa kwesiboniso, isimo sesikhombisa satholwa ngemuva kwesithombe, okwakungabonwa ngaleso sikhathi uTolmachev ngaleso sikhathi. Kwakukhona iziphakamiso ukuthi ezinye izingxenye zesithombe zifanekisela izigaba zenyanga, futhi isithombe ngokwazo yikhalenda endala kunazo zonke zokukhanya kwebusuku.

Iningi lwakamuva, ngo-Agasti 2015, litholakala kanti omunye, umuntu wesishiyagalombili. Itholakala engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba. Ukutholakala kobuso kwaba isimanga kososayensi. Utholakale enkambweni yokutadisha indawo yesithombe nge-microscope.

Ukulungiswa kokudala

Ukutholwa kobuso besishiyagalombili kwakulandelwa enye inzwa. Ososayensi baseJalimane ngoJuni ngonyaka odlule baba nesithakazelo esithombeni futhi bacela ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa okungaphezulu kokuthandana okunembile kwesikhumbuzo. Umphumela womsebenzi wabo wawumangaza umhlaba wonke. I-Shigir idol yayikhulile ngeminyaka eyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,5 kunalokho okudingekayo. Namuhla ubudala bakhe kulinganiselwa eminyakeni engu-11 000!

Isikhumbuzo esinjalo sasendulo sidinga ukubuyekezwa wonke umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwempucuko. I-Great Shigir idol ku-Urals ifakazela ukuhamba okusheshayo kokuthuthukiswa kwamasiko kule ndawo.

Ngaphandle kwazo zonke izimfihlo zalesi sikhumbuzo sasendulo esidala sibonakalisiwe. Shigir idol, isithombe sakhe ngemuva kokuthandana okusha esahamba emhlabeni jikelele, asikasheshi ukukhuluma ngenhloso yakhe yasekuqaleni. Ngenkathi izinkolelo zesosayensi zisekelwe kuphela ekukhulumeni nasekucabangeni. Kodwa-ke, kunethemba lokuba esikhathini esizayo esiseduze imfihlakalo yokutholakala kukaShigir izokwembulwa, kanti nezinye izimo zokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kweziko ema-Urals zizokwaziwa.