Biography of Thomas Mann, amaqiniso athakazelisayo zokuphila

Igama elithi "Mann" Kuyaziwa emibuthanweni etemibhalo. Lo mndeni kuhlanganisa Henry - nesazi, wemidlalo; Eric, uKlaus, futhi Golo - abalobi; Ekugcineni, owaphuma imiklomelo ezifana KaNobel futhi Antonio Feltrinelli - UThomas.

Mann Tomas, Biography iDemo okuyinto besesitelekeni ukujula yayo futhi aliziphikisi, futhi kuyoba ekubuyekezweni.

Master inoveli yeqhawe

umbhali German libhekisela umndeni elikhazimulayo etemibhalo. Nokho, abanye bakholelwa ukuthi bhá futhi edume kakhulu yile okuthiwa ummeleli wakhe kuyinto Thomas Mann.

Umlando wakhe kubonisa ukuthi kuze kufinyelele eminyakeni ewu-16 eneminyaka engu-ukuphila ngempela uhlala engenazinkathazo. Wazalwa emndenini ocebile eLübeck. Nokho, ngemva kokufa, ngo-1891 yomkhaya - Johann Genriha Manna, City Senator - nonkosikazi wakhe nezingane eziningi kwadingeka ukuba aphile esithakazelweni kusukela ukudayiswa amabhizinisi umndeni amakhaya.

Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi biography of Thomas Mann ishintshile kakhulu ngemva kwezenzakalo ezibuhlungu zangalolo.

Indlu ukudayiswa eLübeck, umkhaya wathuthela yokuhlala unomphela e Munich, lapho uThomas waqala ukusebenzela inkampani yomshuwalense kanye ukubona ikusasa yabo kumkhakha we-journalism. Ukukhetha indlela yokudala uchaza ukuluthwa umzalwane uHenry, osevele ngaleso sikhathi kwaba umbhali.

Thomas Mann: indlela kusuka ekuzalweni kuya enkonzweni yezempi

Nokho, siye ukusebenzisa kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukubonisa ngokusebenzisa ukuphila, lokho Wayengumuntu onjani Thomas Mann. izinsuku letibalulekile yomlando wakhe kuzosisiza kule umqondo.

Juni 6, 1875 lomkhaya ocebile Ioganna Manna, okusanhlamvu yomthengisi nenhloko inkampani lokuthumela, noJuliya Mann, nee da Silva-Bruhns, indodana. Umama ka-Thomas Mann kwaba Musically omele onamakhono ka Creole, umndeni Brazilian-Portuguese. It wayengadlali abanakekela wemidlalo esizayo nazo zonke abafowabo nodadewabo.

Ngo-1891, kwashona ubaba wakhe. Ngokwentando yakhe, eziqinile futhi endlini wadayiswa. Wonke umkhaya wathuthela eMunich, lapho uThomas iziqu Ephakeme Technical School.

Umuzwa wokuqala yokugogobala wawuba ngasekuqaleni 1896. Thomas nomfowabo uHenry waya Italy ndawonye. Ngemva nohambo, Thomas Mann waba umhleli walo magazini "Simplicissimus".

Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, ngo-1899, uThomas Mann biography okucetshiswe inkonzo yezempi. inkathi yenkonzo ubumbe kabusha futhi kuqiniswe umbono womlobi. Layidalile ongasoze umsebenzi wakhe inoveli "Buddenbrooks".

Thomas Mann: indlela komshado ngaphambi Okokuqala Umhlaba

Lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-30 kwaba khona isenzakalo esibalulekile ukuthi zashiya izibazi kuyo yonke impilo umbhali. Biography of indaba Thomas Mann sika Bekangasikude umuntu oyedwa, kodwa inyunyana ezimbili.

Ngo-1905 yena clinched ifindo nge Katey Prinsgeym. Indodakazi Uprofesa Munich baba othembekile umbhali kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. Kusukela inyunyana yabo azalelwa izingane eziyisithupha, bobathathu ukuba ezinyathelweni zikayise ngokuba abalobi, amadoda izinhlamvu.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokushada wemidlalo waqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, owawungumnyaka umbhali wokuqala ukuthatha ashisayo, kodwa ngokushesha baqaphela isiphambeko eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma zezombusazwe. Mann kuqhathaniswa kwekuhlela kabusha komphakathi kanye Pacifism. izingxabano zezombangazwe eziye zaholela ekubeni ubone umehluko emkhayeni: Thomas Mann baba Umphikisi ngemibono ngomfowabo omdala siqu. Kodwa, ukushintsha umbono, UThomas wabona isidingo kwedemokhrasi, bese wabuyisana uHenry.

Kuyaqhubeka ukuthungathwa izwe lakhe nokuhlala khona. Thomas Mann: A Biography

German landfill undlovukayiphikiswa izenzo akamtholanga uyisiphephelo sakhe. Futhi ngakho hambisa senzeka ngo-1933 e Kusnacht - edolobheni Swiss - nomkhaya wakhe. Lesi sinyathelo sihlelelwe yena Thomas Mann.

Biography amaqiniso ethakazelisayo ubuzwe bakhe ukuba States ezithile igcina namanje. It kuvela ukuthi ngemva 1936 okwakushiwo umlobi bancishwa yisakhamuzi yakhe isiJalimane, wayeseba yisakhamuzi eCzechoslovakia. Kodwa maduze nje, ngo-1938, uThomas Mann kuhanjiswe ku US, lapho ngo-1944 waba isakhamuzi lokhu isimo kakade. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngemva kokuhamba eJalimane ekuqaleni isinyathelo umbuso undlovukayiphikiswa (ngo-1933), kuba "Hitler" izwe ayisekho wabuya ezaziwayo.

Kusukela phesheya, umbhali wethula emicabangweni yezizukulwane eziningi wangaphambili Bakwethu German ukuya wobushiqela, ekubeni izwi umsakazo anti-undlovukayiphikiswa.

Indlela azizwa Anti-undlovukayiphikiswa Thomas Mann wakhuthaza ngemva kwempi. Le noveli "Doctor Faustus", eyakhishwa ngo-1947, kutshengisa ukuthi umbono siqu umbhali benkathi yamaNazi. NobuNazi - into ukuthi Kuvezwe hhayi ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ngeke ngengozi, kuyisinyathelo ngekulandzelana kulindeleke ukuba lapho kulotshwe khona ngomlando German kwaba isikhathi esiningi.

Thomas Mann (biography iDemo iye yachazwa yithi ngenhla) wathola induduzo yakhe edolobheni elithulile Swiss Kilhberhe. Lapha ngo-1952 wathuthela for yokuhlala unomphela. Lapha, inoveli yakhe yokugcina yalotshwa - "The Adventures of Feliksa Krulya owenza".

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kusukela kuqala kuze kube sekugcineni amanothi zokudala Thomas Mann kwakunjalo "Mina" yakhe. I "Adventure" uchaza ukuphila komuntu owayesebenza eya uphezulu esitebhisini umsebenzi, usebenzisa oda engazinzile zomhlaba wobunxiwankulu.

Paul Thomas Mann, indodana yesibili ka-Johann noJuliya Mann, wafa Agasti 12, 1955 ku-mpumalanga yeSwitzerland eZurich.

Ukuqala ngendlela yokudala: inoveli "Buddenbrooks"

Eyokuqala ukushicilela isipiliyoni kuhlehlela emuva kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo esikoleni esiphakeme: sibonga Thomas wabona ukukhanya etemibhalo ingane zefilosofi iphephabhuku "Spring isiphepho."

Izikhangibavakashi e-Italy ngo-1896, kanye nomthelela umbhali. Izindaba alotshwa ngesikhathi uhambo, ayewathumelé abamemezeli ekhaya. S. Fischer ezihlongozwayo ukudalwa iqoqo kubo. Wadedelwa ngo 1898 ngaphansi kwegama "Little uMnu Friderman". Ezinye izindaba kuwo zalotshwa ngesikhathi umsebenzi yomhleli satirical masonto onke "Simplicissimus".

Ukuze uthole unyaka umbhali inkonzo yezempi nakakhulu kwaqinisa umbono walo ezindabeni ukuthi ukuyaluza kuye isikhathi eside. Ngemva kokukhonza, yena ngo-1901 wanyathelisa inoveli "Buddenbrooks. Umlando kufa omunye wabangane umndeni. " Kukholakala ukuthi umsebenzi ibonisa umlando umndeni sabazali kusukela umbono leyo angakwazi ukubona wakhe, uThomas Mann. Biography kanye nomsebenzi tho ndawonye, aphawula ukuqala inoveli omnandi, ukutshiyoza kwezinyoni kokubukeza ewumngcingo izinkinga zomkhaya ngokusebenzisa iphrizimu ukuhleleka emphakathini.

inoveli Umkhaya mayelana ukuhleleka emphakathini

Le noveli "Buddenbrooks. Umlando kufa omunye wabangane umndeni "wavusa nezindaba jikelele kanye nomphakathi ezithinta umkhaya ovamile: zezinto ezibonakalayo nezingokomoya nokuphila okungokomoya, ukuwohloka futhi ukonakala kungenzeka emhlabeni wobunxiwankulu. Futhi ephakanyiswe inkinga ye endaweni umdali emphakathini nokuphila; Doom kwi khona enesizungu, kuhambisana umthwalo kungakholakali umphakathi ulilahle.

Esikhathini inoveli, umlobi ekuphikeni obusobala kwezinkambiso zomhlaba wobunxiwankulu. Ebuhlungu kuye isiko asathuthuka zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili, wamelana burgher. Ukuwa kanye efudumele, bazinza emhlabeni burgher ngoba Mann kwakusho ngokuwa lonke isiko.

Thomas Mann ebonisa ukuthi izizukulwane ezine umndeni minyaka iphelelwa ingcebo yezinto ezibonakalayo nje kuphela, kodwa futhi izindinganiso zokuziphatha.

Kukholakala ukuthi njengoba Buddenbrooks Incazelo yomphakathi kuqhathaniswa umculi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi, iphutha ukucabanga ukuthi Thomas Mann ukhetha yokugcina. Ngiphakathi, lezi zakhamuzi zazenza noma umculi e Mann akuyona iyinto enkulu.

ukuqashelwa Public: uMklomelo KaNobel

Recognition wafika Thomas Mann ngokushesha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amakhophi 100 kuphela "Buddenbrooks" romance umndeni yathengwa e okukhipha ngonyaka. Kodwa eminyakeni engu-30 kamuva, ngo-1929, kwaba sibonga kuye kungenzeka ukuthi kwakukhona nomlobi phakade elalibhalwe igama lakhe ohlwini Nobel Prize.

Kakade phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe imisebenzi Thomas Mann sabizwa ngokuthi classical.

Emva umklomelo "Buddenbrooks" inoveli wadedelwa amakhophi angaphezu kwesigidi e.

Kusukela ngo-1933, biography of Thomas Mann kwaba biography of umuntu, futhi silingana ukuba abalobi abasha. Mann uhambo ezweni lonkana futhi ozongitshela ngokufaka phakathi izingxenye emisebenzini yakhe siqu.

Thomas Mann: Biography, lokusungula - konke ehlanganisiwe

Okwesibili ekudalweni yimpumelelo kwaba umsebenzi Thomas Mann sika "Tonio Kröger", yanyatheliswa encwadini ethi "Tristan" (1903). Kuyo ephinde wabonisa ukuphikisana kwakhe ekhathazayo phakathi nezwe yobuciko kanye nezwe unxiwankulu.

Singasho ukuthi impilo kanye nomsebenzi we Mann abangu ongenakuzihlukanisa. Le noveli "Buddenbrooks" wayengeyena umsebenzi kuphela esasibonisa singakunaki ukuphila komuntu futhi umbono womlobi.

Unjalo play "Florence" eshicilelwe ngo-1907. Balingisi Her ukukhuluma ngomlomo umbhali, nokuveza imibono yakhe mayelana Thomas wobunxiwankulu yesimanje emhlabeni.

Ukubuka ezifanayo umphakathi sizalwa nawo iningi lemisebenzi yakhe, kodwa eziseduze play kuyinto inoveli "Royal Highness." Thomas Mann wabhala ukuthi kuwo yena "ushumayela esintwini."

Nokho, waphenduka, ngokuvumelana umbhali, kwaba noveli "The Magic Intaba". It kudalulwe kuwukuphikisana ngemibono zomhlaba ayephila kuso futhi wasebenza Mann.

Ithembekile umndeni indoda noyise, fan of bobulili obufanayo uthando

Thomas Mann, ogama biography igcwele kuwukuziphikisa predilections yamaSoviet, Kuyathakazelisa hhayi kuphela ifa layo kwezobuciko, kodwa futhi izintandokazi ngokobulili.

Ukuphikisana main, elizivelelayo uthando phambi, - umndeni idyll angaphandle kanye ukuluthwa uthando kobungqingili.

Khishiwe ngemva kokufa kwakhe, Diaries futhi ukuxhumana olunikezwa Thomas Mann in a ukukhanya okwesabisayo.

Wabo wabonisa ukuthi umlobi odumile, i-Peace Prize kanye ubaba wezingane eziyisithupha, Paul Thomas Mann nganginesifiso esijulile sokuya e abesilisa. Futhi lokhu isithakazelo akugcini ulwazi lokuhlakanipha ukuthi phakathi nokuphila Mann Tomas ebonakala.

Umlando Omfushane umbhali ehluleka ukunikeza ulwazi, futhi lokhu kwenza ukuba abacwaningi ukutadishwa zokuphila kwakhe.

Owathanda Thomas Mann?

Izimpawu zokuqala uthando ngajwayelekile for abafana uvele esemncane. U-Thomas harbored umuzwa unrequited e ofunda naye ekilasini lakhe - Arnim Maarten.

umuzwa Okwesibili unrequited wazalwa eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Ngesikhathi ngisafunda England, uPawulu wamthanda indodana umfundisi imfundo ngokomzimba.

Le noveli kuphela, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi, lwalungakapheli kaPlato, - uxhumano nomculi uPawulu Ehrenberg. Ubudlelwano eyathatha iminyaka 5 (kusuka 1899 kuya 1904.) Futhi kumisiwe ngemuva umbhali ukuba ushade semthethweni nge Katey Prinsgeym.

Naphezu lo mkhuba, Thomas Mann ngilangazelela ukuba nomkhaya nezingane. Nokho, ngisho uthando esiqine umkayo awamenzanga ibuke amadoda. Kusukela Diaries yomlobi uyazi ukuthi imicabango yabantu sika ngomzimba akuwenzanga ke kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe.

Popular mkhuba kwakukhona uFranz Westermayer. Thomas Mann oneminyaka engu-75 ubudala ukulala futhi uvuke imicabango isikhonzi Bavarian. Kodwa yonke wayengavunule kungagcini nje iphupho.

Ukuzijwayeza yemisebenzi Thomas Mann

Imisebenzi kusuka esibayeni yomlobi, waqala ifilimi phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe. Inombolo ezincwadini kusukela ngo-1923 ukuya ku-2008, zingaphezu kuka-30 Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iqiniso lokuthi biography of Thomas Mann ngosuku namagugu zokudala iqukethe umkhiqizo owodwa kuphela eyodwa, aguqulelwe esigabeni noma ukwenza i-movie - ukudlala "Florence". By the way, kwakungadingeki wathwebula. Kodwa "Buddenbrooks" isibe omunye ethandwa kakhulu ngokuya lithathelwe imisebenzi kubhala uThomas Mann.