Carl Maria von Weber - umqambi, umsunguli German zothando opera: Biography nemisebenzi

Carl Maria von Weber - wezingoma odumile German kanye umculi kwekhulu le-18, kwaba umzala ngomfazi Mozart. Yena baba neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni umculo kanye yaseshashalazini. Omunye wabasunguli Romanticism eJalimane. Imisebenzi edume kakhulu umqambi waqala opera yakhe.

Carl Maria von Weber: A Biography. ebuntwaneni

Carl wazalelwa edolobhaneni laseJalimane Eutin (Holstein). Kwenzeka kumcimbi Disemba 18, 1786. Uyise wayengumGreki Frants Veber, ohlukaniswa uthando olukhulu umculo. WAKHE OMFUSHANE Wakhonza njengombonisi usomabhizinisi e ojikelezayo yaseshashalazini qembu.

Ebuntwaneni abaculi ikusasa esidlule phakathi ayimizulane yaseshashalazini abadlali. Lolu hlobo umkhathi ugcwele kakhulu ukuthonywa kunquma ikusasa womfana. Ngakho, it is a qembu yaseshashalazini bagxilisa kuye isithakazelo izinhlobo amadlingozi-zomculo wanika ulwazi imithetho yesehlakalo zomculo imininingwane Art Ukusangana.

Esemncane, Weber futhi ngenkuthalo okubukhali nesithakazelo in umdwebo. Nokho, ubaba nomfowethu omdala wazama zijwayele umculo wakhe. Franz, naphezu kwezinkinga elalibhekene wokujikeleza njalo, wakwazi ukunikela indodana yakhe imfundo enhle zomculo.

Ukwakheka lokuqala

Ngo 1796, uCarl Maria von Weber wafunda upiyano e Hildburghausen ke waziphatha Salzburg okungumsu counterpoint e 1707, khona-ke eMunich kusuka 1798 kuya 1800 wafundiswa Ukwakheka art ngesikhathi organist enkantolo Kalheroma. Phakathi nale minyaka, wamthatha ukucula izifundo.

Carl nesithakazelo sina e umculo. Futhi 1798 wayengumuntu ngaphansi kokuqondisa Y. M. Gaydna ngisho wadala Fughettas eziningana Keyboard. Kwakuwusuku lokuqala umqambi. Okumangazayo, kodwa opera Carl Maria von Weber futhi waqala ukuloba kusesenesikhathi. Ngemva nje fugues kube namabili abonakala endalweni yakhe enkulu, okuyinto zichaziwe ngezansi, kanye mass esikhulu, Allemande, Ecossaises, canons ezihlekisayo. Kodwa iningi eyayike Awe-Singspiel "UPetru Schmoll nabakhelwane bakhe ', wadala 1801. Kwakuwusuku lo msebenzi uye wathola imvume Johann Michael Haydn.

esiphakeme

Ngo 1803 kwaba khona isenzakalo esiphawulekayo emsebenzini umsunguli ikusasa German zothando opera. Kulo nyaka Weber efika e Vienna ngemva kohambo olude yonkana eJalimane. Lapha ebonana edumile kakhulu ngaleso uthisha ngesikhathi umculo Abbé Vogler. Lo muntu ngokushesha itjheje izikhala ezazikhona ulwazi zomculo ezincwadini Charles, wathatha replenishment yabo. Umqambi kanzima futhi wavuzwa kakhulu. Ngo-1804 yena isokana elineminyaka elitjhumi nekhomba, wathatha kopelmeysterom, ie ikhanda, e Breslau Opera, sibonga Vogler ukusekelwa. Lesi senzakalo saphawula inkathi entsha bobuchule ukuphila Weber, okuhlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo ngesikhathi esibekiwe - kusukela ngo-1804 kuya ku 1816.

I nokuqala kwenkathi ebaluleke kakhulu lokusungula

Umculo noKarla Marii von Weber ngalesi sikhathi ingakuzwa kwemvelo ezinkulu. Ngokuvamile, njengoba 1804, wonke umsebenzi umqambi washintsha. Ngalesi sikhathi, kuqhuba umbiko ukubukwa yobuhle nasesimweni sengqondo Weber futhi lomculo kuzibonakalisa ngokucacile kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Carl Uthole ithalente langempela umhleli emkhakheni yaseshashalazini zomculo. Futhi ligada ne qembu ePrague futhi Breslau eyivula ikhono umqhubi sika. Kodwa Weber kwakunganele ukuze balukhulume kahle isiko classic, yena ngokwakhe efuna ukwaziwa ukuguqula zonke futhi zilungile. Ngakho, lapho, wokuba umbhidisi, okuye kwashintsha opera abaculi-orchestra oda ukubekwa. Manje ziqoqwa ngokuvumelana uhlobo yomculo. Lokhu umqambi wezinsimbi Kulindeleke isimiso yokuhlala, okuzoba ethandwa e nekhulu le-19 nelesi-20 leminyaka.

izinguquko kwazo ngesibindi nesishiyagalombili Weber bavikela nazo zonke nentshiseko kobusha, naphezu ukungawi abahlabeleli abafuna alondoloze isiko, emlandweni yeshashalazi German.

Umkhiqizo main kwalesi sikhathi

Eminyakeni 1807-1810 iqala ukugxeka zomculo umsebenzi kwezincwadi Carl Maria von Weber. Uqala ukubhala ukubuyekeza nama-athikili mayelana nemidlalo nemisebenzi zomculo, iqala noveli onesihloko esithi "Ukuphila umculi" akuloba izifushaniso ngokwakhe wabhala.

Imisebenzi ebhaliwe ngesikhathi lokuqala lokudala umqambi sika, sikwazi ukubona indlela kancane kancane licace esizayo izici manifest besitayela ukhulile futhi sina lembhali. Ngalesi sikhathi, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke ngokuya art ukuthola imisebenzi zomculo okukhulu Weber, phakathi lapho:

• Awe-Singspiel "Abu Hassan".
• "Silvana" opera.
• umculo wezinsimbi amabili cantatas ezimbili angenasihloko.

Futhi ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona eziningi satshanyana, iculo, Arias, emakhorasi, njll

Dresden kwesikhathi

Ekuqaleni 1817 Carl Maria von Weber kwaba umbhidisi Dresden "Deutsche Oper". Ngawo lowo nyaka, washada Kerolayn Brandt, ecula i-opera.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le ebaluleke kakhulu futhi enkathini yokugcina umqambi, owathweswa iziqu ngo-1826 futhi kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi uhlamvu okukhulu kakhulu kuthatha umqhubi nomsebenzi yenhlangano Weber. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kudingeka ukuthi enze stolknutsya nobunzima njengoba umqhubi futhi umholi. Ukuqamba noKarla Marii uphikisa isiko waseshashalazini obusa cishe isigamu sekhulu leminyaka, kanye F. Morlakki, umbhidisi inkampani opera Italy ku Dresden. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, Weber wakwazi abuthe entsha German opera isidumbu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakwazi ukubeka ezinye ukusebenza kakhulu, kungakhathaliseki abasebenzi Akakwazanga oqeqeshiwe.

Kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi Weber umqambi wakhala le Weber-Kapellmeister. Yena bakwazile ukuhlanganisa zombili lezi izindima lolungenamaphutsa yokubhekana nazo ngokuphumelelayo. Kwakuthinta ngalesi sikhathi kufikile emhlabeni indalo best of the master, kuhlanganise opera yakhe edume kunazo zonke.

"Der Freischütz"

Ngobatjho kule opera, sihlehlela emuva izindaba Folk mayelana nendlela indoda ithengiswe umphefumulo wakhe nguSathane uthuli magic okwamsiza ukunqoba abacibishelayo mncintiswano. Umvuzo kwaba umshado kule ntokazi enhle, okuyinto wayemthanda hero. Ngokokuqala ngqá e-opera ke yayiyingxenye into eduze futhi ijwayelekile inhliziyo German. Weber ukuboniswa ekuphileni kwezakhamuzi zakhona elula nge naivety isihawu futhi amahlaya iluhlaza. Uloyiwe ihlathi nokufihla ngaphansi mnene ukumamatheka horror otherworldly namaqhawe kusukela amantombazane emzaneni nangokwenama okukhulu abazingeli, ophela izikhulu angamaqhawe futhi engenzeleli.

Le ndaba yinqaba ihlanganiswe ne umculo emangalisayo, futhi konke lokhu kuye abe isibuko zonke German. Kulesi umsebenzi Weber hhayi kuphela wakhulula opera German ngu ithonya Italian futhi isiFulentshi, kodwa wakwazi ukubeka izisekelo ehola ifomu operatic ka 19 leminyaka.

Kudlalwé senzeka 18 Juni 1821 futhi kwadingeka impumelelo engakholekile izilaleli futhi Weber waba iqhawe lesizwe yangempela.

Kamuva, i-opera ubelokhu eqashelwa njengoba nje indalo enkulu yamabhayisikobho kazwelonke German romantic. Umqambi, esekelwe Awe-Singspiel uhlobo, sebenzisa amafomu ububanzi zomculo ukuthi bazogcwalisa umsebenzi nemdlalo ngokwengqondo. Indawo enkulu ukuthatha opera ezinemininingwane ekumeni zomculo abalingiswa kanye izigcawu zokuphila kwansuku zonke, ezihlobene Folk songs German. ngokucacile kakhulu ke wavezwa namathafa zomculo neziqephu kumnandi ngenxa ukujula-orchestra adalwe Weber.

Isakhiwo opera kanye nezici zayo zomculo

"Der Freischütz" iqala nge ibika, okuyinto ubuswa egeleza izimpondo Ihubo. Ngaphambi isibukeli idwetshwa ongaqondakali isithombe romantic yehlathi, ukuzwa izinkondlo of lasendulo ukuzingela yezinganekwane. Ingxenye esemqoka ye-ibika uchaza ekulweni bahlukene. Iphela entry ngikweluleke coda ngokubabazekayo.

Isenzo isenzo sokuqala senzeka ngemuva izigcawu mass onamileyo. Sibona isithombe amaholide ongumlimi, sibonga ukusungulwa kahle ukwethulwa choral, folk Motifs. Melody umsindo njengokungathi ngempela udlala abaculi dolobhana futhi waltz elula angadle ngabuhle obutheni libhekene malula naivete.

Nge iholide e abukhali Ngokuphambene aria gamekeeper Max, okuyinto ugcwele yokukhathazeka ukudideka. Futhi yesibili etafuleni iculo jaegers Caspar ngokugqamile wezwa isigqi acute ngokuyenga isenzo okusheshayo.

Isenzo yesibili sehlukaniswe izithombe ezimbili, siziqhathanise nabanye. Engxenyeni yokuqala sizwa lokuqala abanganaki Arietta Angel, esetshenziselwa Ukufiphaza msulwa futhi izizwa umngane wakhe ka Agatha ukujula. Isithombe ugcwele kushintshana ingoma imiculo kanye recitatives ekhululekile, ezisiza ukuqonda imizwa sentombazane. Yokugcina ingxenye ugcwele injabulo, ukukhanya ukukhanya.

Nokho, kulesi sithombe sesibili uqala ukwandisa amaphaphu okukhulu. Futhi indima esemqoka kunikezwa orchestra. Ukulele umsindo ongajwayelekile, zomile futhi udangele, ngokuletha ukwesaba, futhi iqembu isithekile ngoma izilaleli sithuthukisa imfihlakalo. Weber kuphumelele isithombe emangalisayo kukholakale omculo amabutho ezimbi futhi yamademoni kudlangile.

Isenzo yesithathu nayo ihlukaniswe izithombe ezimbili. Okokuqala obhapathiza umbukeli esimweni ezolile futhi enhle. Party Agatha sigcwele olusankondlo ukukhanya melancholy, kanye nezintombi choir is ababethi izwi eliphansi, lapho umqondo izisusa kazwelonke.

Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela yesibili kuvula nge ikwaya abazingeli, ephelezelwa umsindo ukuzingela izimpondo. Kulesi ngoma kwakuzwakala Folk amashuni isiJalimane, okuyinto kamuva kwakuqala ukwanda emhlabeni wonke.

Iphela opera ziye zenzeka endaweni yesehlakalo Ensemble nge isetshenziswe abaculi nabadansi, ephelezelwa umculo ojabulisayo, a leitmotif egijima ngokusebenzisa wonke umsebenzi.

Ukudalwa "Oberon" futhi ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila

opera Fairytale "Oberon" kwalotshwa ngo-1926, kube kuqede uchungechunge imisebenzi amahle operatic umqambi. Weber wawubhala ukuze ondle umkhaya wakhe. Umqambi wayazi ukuthi maduze uzofa, futhi akukho muntu oyobe engenawo ngaphezulu ukuze anakekele abathandekayo.

"Oberon" isendleleni Lwaluhluke ngokuphelele isitayela kokujwayelekile Weber. Ukuze uthole umqambi oye njalo wakhuthaza ekubumbaneni of the opera ne art waseshashalazini, imisebenzi isakhiwo kwaba elingahlelekile. Nokho, ukuze lokhu opera ethile Weber wakwazi ukudala umculo enkulu kakhulu. Lwathi luphela ngokubhala "Oberon," impilo umqambi sika uye sawohloka waze washaywa wayengakwazi ukuhamba, kodwa Carl Maria abazange balahlekelwe kwesizini. Opera ubelokhu eqashelwa waphinda by a baxgeki nezethameli adunyiswe ithalente Weber sika.

Ngeshwa, umqambi bukhoma ayihlalanga isikhathi eside. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kwesizini watholakala eshonile. Kwathi ngo-June 5, 1826, eLondon. Ngalo lelo langa, Weber wayehamba siphindele eJalimane ekhaya.

Ekhatsi Dresden ngo-1861 kwaba lesikhumbuzo ukuze Weber.

Okokuqala Youth Opera

"Thulile Ihlathi Girl", umsebenzi lokuqala olukhulu umqambi, ufanelwe isizathu esikhethekile sokuba kukhulunywe. Kudlalwé senzeka ngo-1800 e Freiburg. Naphezu ebusheni bakhe nokungabi nalwazi nombhali, kwaba yimpumelelo futhi baqashelwa. Singasho ukuthi lokhu isiteji lo msebenzi ekuqaleni umsebenzi umqambi sika, Weber.

Njengoba-opera, i-ke alilitshelwe isikhathi eside futhi waqhubeka avele izinhlelo waseshashalazini e Prague, Vienna, eSt Petersburg nakwamanye amadolobha emhlabeni.

eminye imisebenzi

Weber kushiya amagugu ecebile kwezobuciko, uhlu ugcwele kuba cishe kungenakwenzeka. Kodwa ake sibone ukuthi izinto eziphawuleka kakhulu yemisebenzi yakhe:

• 9 opera, kuhlanganise "Three Pinto", "Ryubetsal", "Silvana", "Euryanthe".
• I zihambisane nezinsimbi zomculo ukuze kudlala eziyisikhombisa okukhulu.
• Choral solo vocal nemisebenzi zihlanganisa 5 uquqaba, iculo okukhulu kuka-90 kwengu-30 lisebenzisa ensembles cantatas 9, mayelana 10 ukwelashwa Folk songs.
• Piano imisebenzi: Sonata 4, 5 kudlala, 40 Duets nemidanso, 8 ngemijikelezo ukushintshashintsha.
• Mayelana 16 amakhonsathi for upiyano, negekle, horn bassoon.
• 10 Imisebenzi for orchestra 12 ngoba ekamelweni Ensemble.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Weber umqambi Kwakuwuhambo ubuntu ongavamile siqu izici, kunezinzuzo zako kanye nebubi.

Ngokwesibonelo, wazonda udumo yomunye. nokungababekezeleli Ikakhulukazi Bengisemhlanganweni Rossini. Weber etshela njalo abangane ukuthi umculo we ezingenamsebenzi Rossini, kungukungcola mode kuphela okuzokwenza kulibaleke eminyakeni embalwa.

Ingozi ehlasimulisayo kwaholela yokuthi Weber elahlekile izwi lakhe elihle. Kwake kwathi ngo-Breslau umqambi walinda eyodla nomunye, hhayi ukuchitha isikhathi, wahlala phansi ukuze isebenze. Weber ngokushesha futhi wanquma ukuxoxa phuza abandayo yewayini. Kodwa ngenxa kuhlwa yena zabheka embizeni nge isiphuzo kusukela lapho uyise sulfuric acid. Umqambi wathatha ungiphuzise wawa ezingaphili. Ngesikhathi kushone umngane wakhe wafika-ke wakhe ungqongqoze akekho livuliwe, kodwa amafasitela ulula. Wabiza usizo, ephethwe ukuvula umnyango, futhi Weber ngokushesha esibhedlela. Odokotela ezisindisile ukuphila umqambi, kepha umlomo, nomphimbo yephimbo abangu ngakho washisa ukuthi konke ukuphila kwakhe waphoqeleka ukuba ukhulume kuphela umnyenyezo.

Weber wayejabula kakhulu izilwane. Endlini yakhe sasihlala inja, ikati, ezihlukahlukene zezinyoni ezingaphezu ngisho Capuchin inkawu. I walithanda kakhulu Indian umqambi iqhude ngubani ungase uthi. "Sawubona"

Weber zihlukaniswa egocentrism. He is kangaka uyakuthanda yena, waze wabhala ngaphansi mbumbulu lwezihloko laudatory ngaye, ngezikhathi ezithile zashicilelwa emaphephandabeni. Kodwa lokhu akuzange kuwumise. Umqambi ngokwakhe kangaka uyakuthanda, ukuthi amathathu izingane zakhe ezine ngokuthi amagama abo: Maria Carolina, uCarl Maria, Karolina nguMariya.

Ngokungangabazeki, Weber kwaba umculi onekhono kakhulu futhi umqambi owenze banikela ngendlela ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni art German. Yebo, le ndoda ukuthi akubanga ngaphandle amaphutha ayo, nobuze ezahlukene, kodwa zonke wayeyisazi nezimfanelo ezingavamile zomunye yabo.