Chemosynthesis - uhlobo lokudla Autotrophic

Emvelweni, zikhona izindlela eziningana ukuze awunikeze emzimbeni. Bona ancike izici isakhiwo, ukuthuthukiswa kanye olwenzeka endaweni nemibandela umzimba. Chemosynthesis - lena omunye wabo. Kwamanye eziphilayo, kuba ejwayelekile futhi kulokho izimo kungenzeka? Le mibuzo kanye neminye uzokuphendula athikili yethu.

autotrophs

Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko ukuphakela eziphilayo - kuyinto hetero- futhi Autotrophic. Eyokuqala kwenzeka nokwenziwa ngomumo izakhi: amaprotheni, lipids kanye carbohydrate. Ngakho udle izilwane, isikhunta, ezinye amagciwane. Autotrophs bayakwazi synthesize izinto eziphilayo ukusuka wezinto ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Leli qembu eziphilayo izitshalo futhi iqembu elikhethekile kwamagciwane.

Zama-indlela Autotrophic enidla kukhona photosynthesis futhi chemosynthesis. Umehluko omkhulu ungumthombo wamandla ukuphila. Chemosynthesis - indlela ukuphakela lapho namachibi compounds wezinto ezingaphili. Ukuze afeze le nqubo akuzona zonke izinto eziphilayo.

chemotroph

Inqubo chemosynthesis, wavula ngo 1887 ngo isazi sesayensi esidumile Russian S. N. Vinogradovym, kuyisici sobuntu iqembu ethile prokaryotes owumphumela. Lezi zihlanganisa yensimbi, isibabule nitrifying amagciwane. Bonke bangabangasokile olufanele nerganicheskie oxidize izinto. Ngakho, insimbi iguqulwe kusuka likaNkulunkulu ukuze trivalent by ukusabela amakhemikhali namachibi. A-hydrogen sulfide - e into elula, okusho sulphur ... amagciwane Nitrifying zibaluleke ngokukhethekile ngokwemvelo.

Lapho noqhekeko kanye elibi of udaba eziphilayo ezikhishwe ammonia. Iqembu nitrifying amagciwane oxidize ketshezi ukuze nitric acid. Ziyoncibilika emanzini, le nto yakha usawoti encibilikayo. Ngenxa yalokho, izitshalo, abancela kubo ziphuma enhlabathini, ahlanganiswe nitrogen, khona lapho isimo ludingeka ekuthuthukisweni kohlelo impande. Ngakho, chemosynthesis - kuba inqubo izinto ezidingekayo ngamaqembu ahlukene eziphilayo kanyekanye.

phototrophic

Elinye iqembu eziphilayo Autotrophic izitshalo. Zisetshenziswa ukwenziwa organic izinto elangeni. Ngakho-ke, indlela ukudla kwabo ngokuthi phototrophic. Le nqubo kungenzeka kuphela ekhethekile cell organelles - chloroplast. Ziqukethe colorant - sombala i-chlorophyll.

Nguye uveza izingxenye kwamapulazi eziphilayo Autotrophic ngombala oluhlaza. Kuba yisikhathi futhi lapho isimo ezidingekayo yale nqubo kuba phambi amanzi nesikhutha, okuyinto ikhishwe ngenxa emishinini yokuphefumula yezinto eziphilayo. Inqubo ye-photosynthesis kubalulekile ukubaluleka kwamaplanethi. Iqiniso ukuthi kwakhiwa hhayi kuphela e-glucose ama-carbohydrate, isetshenziswa phototrophic njengoba umthombo energy, kodwa futhi i-oksijini, ngenxa ukuvuza. Ngaphandle kwale inqubo ukuphefumula igesi akunakwenzeka, kanjalo nokuphila ngokwayo.

Ngokungafani chemosynthesis photosynthesis

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ezibhekwa ngenhla inqubo indlela Autotrophic enidla, futhi eziningi umehluko omkhulu.

Photosynthesis akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ugesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwenzeka kuphela uma kukhona lamaseli chloroplast. Chemosynthesis - inqubo okwenzeka ngaphandle kobukhona mibandela, kodwa kuphela amagciwane.

Ziyahlukahluka kuye, futhi ukubaluleka oyizalayo. Phototrophic inikeza zonke izinto eziphilayo ne-oksijini. Ama-bacterium wenziwa nokusakazwa-nitrogen, isibabule kanye nezinye izinto.

Omunye umehluko obalulekile kuwumphumela ukuthi etholakale eziphilayo ngqo Autotrophic bona. izitshalo photosynthesis yakha glucose carbohydrate. Uyabumbana, molecule ukuthi imfuyo ukunikeza polysaccharide isitashi. Uyena izakhi isipele isitshalo. Chemotroph kwemiqondo izinto eziphilayo ungalilahli ngokuqondile, kodwa ngokusebenzisa i-molecule ATP - triphosphate adenosine. Le into is a uhlobo amandla esitolo kumaseli yezinto eziphilayo. Uma kunesidingo, kuhlukaniswa. Le nqubo kwenzeka ngezinyathelo ezimbalwa, lapho kuwo ngamunye ethile namandla ikhishwe. Nokusetshenziswa kwayo chemotroph ukuphila izinqubo.

Ngakho, i-photosynthesis futhi chemosynthesis izinhlobonhlobo izindlela Autotrophic lokudla izinto eziphilayo, okuyinto ngokwabo ukukhiqiza amandla adingekayo ukuze ikhule nokuthuthuka.