Combat izinga PM - zingaki emahlandla ngomzuzu? Makarov isibhamu: Ukucaciswa

Makarov isibhamu (PM 9 mm) - isibhamu semi-automatic ngo-1951, esikhundleni TT isibhamu isibhamu Nagant uhlelo. Lwakhiwe Makarov Nikolay Fedorovich, umklami Soviet, athuthukile ezinye amathuluzi ukwamukela. PM, elula futhi enokwethenjelwa, ubulokhu ihlala enkonzweni nge-ejensi wokukatelela ngomthetho kanye amabutho Russian Federation, kanye nakwamanye amazwe amaningana (Georgia, Syria, Latvia, Laos, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Ukraine nabanye). Nokho, elaseRussia manje kancani athoma esikhundleni isibhamu sakhe Yarygin, PMM namanye amamodeli. Uyini isici sale isikhali, siyowuqonda ngokwengeziwe.

okufushane Yomphakathi ye PM

Ngenxa ethandwa non-combat version yayo liyabonakala, ezifana e ukuhlukumezeka PM "Wii" kanye nezinye version (PM-RF, "Berkut", Pmr, PMG, MP-T), kanye emoyeni kanye negesi (sib igesi isibhamu "Makarych" ngezinhlamvu zenjoloba).

Ukuqina kanye kalula yokusetshenziswa niyenzé ethandwa Makarov isibhamu, ngentengo yalo (kusuka ayizinkulungwane 3. Hlikihla. Ngo ukuhlukumezeka ngenxa PM) kubuye plus kuhle lonke, kukhona ukushintshwa eziningi zombango Makarov isibhamu. PM eRussia avame iza ngendlela isikhali womoya (futhi, ngenxa ukuqashelwa yayo). Kukhona amamodeli we kokubili ezifuywayo angaphandle. Ngokwesibonelo, MP-654 - ikhophi IZHMEH Makarov isibhamu.

Ngaphambi nokukhululwa kwe- "uMthetho Arms" e ukuhlukumezeka ngokuvamile nje reworked ukulwa PM (okuthiwa oholaschivanie), inqwaba ezisele emafektri of kwamaSoviet. Izinguquko kule babe sakugcina: ngehlazo "producer" kanti izakhi zokuzivikela, okuyinto ungavumeli kuyishintja endaweni PM ukulwa. Nokho, manje, ucishe entsha non-combat model remakes, kodwa zonke zakhiwe elifanayo izikhali steel.

Inkampani German UMAREX futhi ukhiqiza onobuhle eminingana, njengethi Umarex PM Ultra futhi Makarov, futhi 6 mm igesi cylinder isibhamu Legends Makarov. Inkampani American SMG kudedela okufushane Gletcher PM, okuyinto has a esinqunyiwe umshudo yenethiwekhi. Le nguqulo okufanayo uzimele fixed babe Börner - inkampani ezahlukene kusukela e-United States, has a PM49 igama Börner futhi akhiwe eTaiwan.

ERussia, njengoba isibalo esikhulu zokuguqulwa njengoba impi (PMM, umagazini xaxa umthamo - nezinhlamvu ezingu-12, kanye igobolondo 9x18 namandla kakhulu), futhi civil, njengokuthi "iBaikal" 443 (ezemidlalo isibhamu), MR-442 "SKIF" polymer-anezinhlaka futhi uchungechunge IZH70 ukhululeka emakethe njengoba commercial yezemidlalo isibhamu. Battle PM Ubuye eziningi zokuguqulwa.

okokunciphisa umsindo

Kukhona akulona iqiniso ukuthi PB isibhamu - a PM nge silencer ukuthi ngokuyisisekelo abuqinisile. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi PB (isibhamu buthule) futhi ingxenye ethathwa ukuklanywa PM (esitolo nokuthi ingxenye ethambile, inhlamvu indlela), kukhona izikhali ezimbili ezihlukene ngokuphelele. Ngo-USSR, kwakukhona imizamo izinsimbi PM nge silencer, kodwa batch okwengeziwe zokuhlola abakutholanga: ezingeni umsindo ukunciphisa kwaba okunganele, kodwa ngenxa yokwandisa isiqu anda ukukhululwa buyisela emuva izinga, okuyinto asheshisa indlela bafake. Mhlawumbe-ke, ngo-1967 futhi wamukelwa PB.

Manje kwamanye amazwe (China, USA nabanye) ungenzi zokuguqulwa ulwe Makarov isibhamu nge silencer.

Kuyini isibhamu Makarov

Lo mncintiswano, aphethwe ebuthweni laseSoviet ngo-1948, kwaba khona abangu-kweshumi amakhosi amaningana aseSoviet. Inhloso kwakuwukuba ukuthola indawo isibhamu akusebenzi Nagant futhi TT isibhamu, wayesekhona inkonzo.

Tula Tokarev isibhamu, ithuthukiswe ngo-1930, ilula ngokwanele futhi icwecwe, okulula ukuyiphatha, kodwa enezinto eziningi kahle. Omunye wabo kukhona amacala isibhamu nokuguqulwa (esimweni esinjalo echazwe encwadini "Cishe sina" Yuri Nikulin), ukuze ngesibhamu asivunyelwe ukugqoka nge runaway ku igobolondo ekamelweni. Omunye ethile kwaba ukuntuleka ukubambezeleka esangweni. Konke lokhu kwaholela yokuthi isikhathi eside TT isibhamu walethwa ulwe ukulungela, futhi kungamenza alahlekelwe nesosha noma ukuphila op, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi egcina kwi yesibili. Kwakubuye kube impikiswano nemibi yokuthi ezingafanelanga kokudubula kusukela embrasures ethangini. Nakuba le mfuneko uyindaba kungazwakali, izibhamu German ephendula.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaba izikhali ezidingekayo ukuthi bebuyoba ukukhanya, icwecwe futhi elula, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka eyayiyoholela isimo sigameko. Isampula lanikezwa isibhamu German "Walther PP", okuyinto awuzange uqale kwaze kwaba ngo-1929. Kwakukhona onobuhle eziningana ezahlukene, kodwa okungcono design Makarov isibhamu wayebhekwa. PM iye yamukelwa eSoviet abomthetho futhi amabutho ahlomile kweminyaka emithathu ngemuva ukuthuthukiswa, futhi phakathi naleso sikhathi, lo mshini ngcono, wenza ushintsho oluthile oluncane.

Nakuba umklami Makarov futhi sathathwa njengesisekelo "Walther PP," usho kakhulu ukushintshwa ke. Design futhi isibhamu handling uhlelo lwase lwenziwa lula, imininingwane babe Amatebhe, kukhuphuke lungamandla abo, okuholela ekwandeni kwabantu inkonzo nokuphila nokwethembeka.

Akwaziwa Makarov isibhamu 1949 ukukhiqizwa, okuyinto namanje zisesimweni esihle, nakuba nastrel isibhamu mayelana eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi ayisihlanu. Lokhu kusishiya sibambe ongezansi, uma sicabangela ukuthi u PM isinyathelo entwasahlobo yakhelwe 4 th. Of isibhamu (lena "ejwayelekile" Inani le-pistols eziningi, ngokwesibonelo, i-pistol efanayo Yarygin).

Ekuqaleni, kwakudingekile ukuba izidingo Emncintiswaneni ukwethula oyisibonelo izinguqulo ezimbili, ngoba ubukhulu 7h65 mm 9 mm. I PM esetshenziswa igobolondo osezingeni 9h18mm esikhundleni 8h17mm. New ichashazi osezingeni imibukiso kokumisa kangcono amandla kuka inhlamvu 7,62h25 mm TT isibhamu, nakuba kwakudingeka amandla kancane. amandla angaphansi kwenza kwaba lula ukwenza umklamo esangweni mahhala futhi umgqomo isilungisiwe.

Endaweni yokuqala, ngenxa kwamandla igobolondo PM yakhelwe zokudubula ibanga elifushane, kuze kube ngamamitha angu-50, nakuba inhlamvu kokumisa amandla isesikhathini 350 m.

design

Njengoba kahle, kukhona umehluko omkhulu kule divayisi inhlamvu, kanye inzuzo enkulu kwaba isigwedlo slide stop, wanezela Makarov. Thenga PM isibhamu ne-fuse Usanda izinguquko ezithile. Ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi imininingwane ekuklanyweni PM ikwenze kwaba lula futhi izingxenye ngokwabo - kuyinto zincane uma kuqhathaniswa "UWalter PP". Ngokwesibonelo, ukubambezeleka esangweni design Makarov isibhamu has a kugqame umsebenzi imikhono isinyathelo entwasahlobo futhi isiphethu sear, cocking isigwedlo, lapho kusethwa okubambayo kokuphepha - entwasahlobo isando Rebound. Lower entwasahlobo latches ukugcina ekupheleni engezansi mainspring.

Engxenyeni yokuqala yezingxenye, ezifana fuses futhi labadubuli pin entwasahlobo, siba ukuma eziyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi waqala ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ngosizo okuyinto kwakunokwenzeka banciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza.

"UWalter PP" kwaba ukubambezeleka labadubuli kubangelwa yokuthi ekamelweni igobolondo spiked nge wotho. Makarov iqedwe cishe ngokuphelele le nkinga futhi kuzuza isilinganiso best of ukuphakama egumbini igobolondo nge emthambekeni wotho, ngakho, kuhambisana indawo eliphezulu igobolondo phezulu esitolo, cishe ekuqedeni ubungozi utykaniya igobolondo e wotho.

Imininingwane PM

Ukudubula kuyinto isibhamu esisodwa. Ngenxa yokuncishiswa mshini uma iqhathaniswa "UWalter PP" ukulwa rate wawa kancane PM. Ifinyeza ngomzuzu ungenza Makarov isibhamu 30 ngokumelene 35-40 isibhamu ngesikhathi PP.

isibhamu ne umagazini Isisindo obugcwele 810 g

PM icala 9mm amachashazi (isibhamu cartridges 9x18), esitolo sinesikhundla 8 izingcezu.

isibhamu ubude 161 mm, ubude - 126,75 mm. Umgqomo 4 has Makarov isibhamu rifling ubukhulu 9 mm. Ubude PM igobolondo 25 mm, isisindo chuck - 10 g inhlamvu ngokwayo ukala 6.1 g
isibhamu ngasinye enamathiselwe magazini esikhululekile, holster, isibhamu ibhande ukuzihlikihla.

Pistol ukudubula

Isenzo kusekelwe PM ibuyisela blowback. Ngenxa kuyaqina igqoke isiqu entwasahlobo ukubuya futhi isisindo yokushutha, sokuvalwa stem kwenzeka. Kuvuse ne-trigger evulekile, isenzo double. Mahhala labadubuli pin Kungenzeka kwakuthiwa kuholele shot nokuguqulwa lapho kwehla kusuka indawo ephakeme kangaka, noma ezinye negalelo elinamandla mechanical, ngoba akanawo isiphethu, okwakuyoholela uyigcine isikhundla emuva. Nokho, Makarov akazange abheke lokhu kungenzeka ngokwanele.

Lapho wadubula, inhlamvu sisetshenziswa ngu igalelo isando, lapho capsule kuyinto chuck eziphukile. Icala Propellant ephakamayo, Propellant amagesi akhiqizwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi lapho inhlamvu uyakhishwa kusukela emgqonyeni. esifanayo amagesi Umfutho edabula phansi emikhonweni retracts ibhawudo. Ubeke ejector igobolondo, kanjalo ukugxisha entwasahlobo ukubuya. Lapho ukuxhumana emikhonweni kugqame ngefasitela yesivalo pops out.

Omunye umehluko kusukela "Walther PP" - lingatshajwa lapho fuse. I PP kungekho yesivalo yokuvala, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ashona, kanye GR esangweni ivinjelwe. Makarov isibhamu zingabekwa unogada ngemva esitolo sifakwe, futhi ekamelweni chuck runaway. Ngokuphepha ekhishiwe cocked isando, wasuka iphini labadubuli ivinjelwe kanye aphumayo lapho fuse inhlamvu phambili.

I "Walther PP" ngaphambi kokudubula ukuphepha isigwedlo kumelwe alethwe isikhundla esiphezulu, kanye PM - ephansi, isimo sikuvumela. It is kwesokunxele kwi ezingemuva kwebhowudu. Lapho kokudubula sici has: inhlamvu lokuqala ukudonsa kuqalise ngemva ukwehlisa ifulege fuse, kuyodinga amandla ngaphezulu (mayelana 3.5 kg) njengoba inhlamvu isendaweni ferrule futhi cocked isibhamu samovzvodom esetshenziswa. Ngo isibhamu okwalandela isando linikwe kule sikhundla cocking, futhi shot azodinga ukucindezeleka ezincane (1.5 kg), okubangela kakhulu kuncike ukulwa izinga PM.

Ukuze lokhu akwenze ngokunemba okukhulu, kushothi lokuqala ngemva kokususwa sibhamu fuse zingenziwa Leli qembu inhlamvu ngesandla kuvuse ngesikhathi esifanayo lona emuva, futhi kulesi simo ngenxa Inhlamvu yokuqala beyoba sasivumela ukukhanya ngokucindezela inhlamvu.
shot Landelayo zingenziwa kuphela ngemva kokuba ukukhulula inhlamvu
(Kusukela PM ayenzelwanga labadubuli ulayini). cindezela ngasinye esisha kuzoholela umlilo kuze uze ziphele zonke izinhlamvu zabo esitolo. Kulokhu, esangweni, emi stop slide uhlala isikhundla labaqaphi elingemuva.

Izingxenye netindlela Makarov isibhamu

I isibhamu unezitho 32, futhi izingxenye ezinkulu ezilandelayo:
- esitolo;
- slide catch;
- ifreyimu inhlamvu izigijimi emgqonyeni;
- uphathe ngokukhathalela nesikulufu;
- inhlamvu (inhlamvu indlela);
- isiphethu okubuyisekayo;
- INGAPHANDLE ukuphepha, ejector futhi wezigubhu.

isibhamu disassembly

Izibhamu, izibhamu ngokukhethekile, zidinga ukuhlolwa njalo. Lokhu kuzosiza ngokushesha ukukhomba ukukhubazeka abasafufusa kanye ukuvimbela izinkinga kungenzeka. I kungenzeka Ukudilizwa okugcwele esinqunyiwe. Qedela disassembly asikwazi ukwenziwa ngokuvamile kakhulu, njengoba lokhu isheshisa inqubo bafake izingxenye indlela, futhi kunciphisa ukuphila service. disassembly kwengxenye yanele ukuze ahlolwe, Lubrication zokuvimbela noma yokuhlanza ngemuva kokudubula, kuphela nje isidingo wokuhlanza emva zesimo sezulu esibi (hit isibhamu emanzini noma iqhwa, ukukhanda noma thuthukela igrisi elisha).

Kunezindlela eziningana imithetho okumele ilandelwe ngesikhathi inhlangano disassembly of the isibhamu:
- disassembly nasemhlanganweni Kwenziwa ehlwengekileko;
- abeke izingcezu ukuze yokuhlangana;
- Qaphela handling izindlela, ngaphandle ukushaqeka okuzumayo phoqelela uhlelo lokusebenza ngokweqile;
- lapho ukuhlangana amavolovolo eziningana: look at the izinombolo izingxenye, ukuze ngingasebenzisi ukudida izingxenye amavolovolo phakathi kwazo.

disassembly kwengxenye yokuhlanza kanye nokuhlolwa

Isitolo esuswa phansi isibambo. Isandla sokunene cupped wakhe, khona-ke aqhele catch magazini ukwehluleka umuno ne forefinger uyephuza ikhava magazini ubambe ingxenye ophumile. Ngakho, esitolo likhishiwe.

Kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi akukho igobolondo ekamelweni, ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze ususe isibhamu letilongo, isandla sakhe sokhohlo ukubamba shutter yonke indlela emuva, uyifake kwi stop slide, bese ukubuka ekamelweni. Isithupha ilungelo ucindezela stop slide sehlise yokucina.

Lokhu kulandelwa ukwehlukana shutter kusuka uzimele. Isandla sokunene wathatha isibhamu by isibambo yayo, kwesokunxele - ezansi yabalindi inhlamvu. Sika isendleleni kwesokunxele in the ifremu, eminye yokwehlukanisa ukuligcina lesi sikhundla, ilungelo index ngomunwe.

Ngesandla sobunxele ukuze ubambe yesivalo yonke indlela emuva ukumphakamisa kusukela ngasemhlane, futhi ngenxa isenzo entwasahlobo ukubuya, kuyoba phambili, ngemva kwalokho-ke kungenziwa uhlukane uzimele. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kuyoba ukubuyela endaweni yabalindi inhlamvu.

Susa entwasahlobo ukubuya. Isandla sokunene ngenkathi ebambe isibambo ifremu, ukususa umphongolo kusukela entwasahlobo ngokuvula esandleni sobunxele.

inhlangano Inqubo

Umhlangano iqala oda reverse, kubuye endaweni entwasahlobo ukubuya. Isandla sokunene ukuthatha ifreyimu by isibambo, futhi washiya ukubeka isiphethu ebhuthini. Okubalulekile: Kumele uzigqoka ukuphela, lapho round lokugcina ubukhulu ezincane kunenye.

Lokhu kulandelwa kokujoyina Uhlaka yokucina. Isandla sokunene ubambe uzimele isibambo, isandla kwesokunxele nokubamba ngesivalo, busuka ekupheleni okuphambene isiteshi uphawu entwasahlobo ukubuya, ngemva kwalokho thatha isikhundla kakhulu isiteshi uphawu ngokusebenzisa ayephumela ngaphandle ingxenye nomlomo. Khona-ke, ingxenye ezingemuva yesivalo ukwehlisa ifreyimu emikhulu yayo longitudinal kufanele uvumelane e Slots ifremu. Ngemva kwalokho, ukwehlisa, kuyilapho uvalwe ngokucindezela yokushutha. Kuyinto ngaphansi kwengcindezi entwasahlobo ukubuya kuziwa isikhundla phambili, bese phakamisa ibhokisi fuse.

Lapho ukuhlangana isibhamu akubalwa ukukhiqiza etshekile inhlamvu unogada njengoba ngesikhathi disassembly. Kungenzeka ukukhulisa ukuphela ezingemuva yesivalo ukuze aphansi phambi odongeni akuyona wangcwatshwa Crest yabalindi inhlamvu, okuyinto kuvimbela ukuhamba ibhawudo emhlane.

Ekuphetheni - emuva esitolo ngasesinqeni se isibambo. Sibambe isibhamu ngesandla sakhe sokunene, ebhokisini aphansi e phansi isibambo ukufaka esitolo, ebambe khona ne isithupha ne forefinger zesandla sakhe sobunxele. Ukuchofoza ikhava magazini, kodwa futhi akazange hit isandla sakhe, uwulethe isikhundla oyifunayo lapho iconsi isiqhebezo ngu ithebhu, olutholakala odongeni ekupheleni esitolo.

Ngaphezu off, hlola ukuthi inhlangano wenziwa ngendlela efanele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vula fuse, aqhele nokukhululwa yokucina. Uma kwenziwe ngendlela efanele, ke, njengoba washukunyiswa phambili kancane, shutter kufanele iqale stop slide, okuzokwenza ukulishiya isikhundla labaqaphi elingemuva. Khona-ke, nge isithupha sakho sokunene ukuze ibenze isiqhebezo umshudo ukubambezeleka. Ngaphansi ingcindezi entwasahlobo ukubuya ngeke ngamandla ibuyiselwe phambi isikhundla. Eyoqala cocked. Khona-ke kudingeka sithathe ibhokisi fuse, bese kufika off inhlamvu nge cocking futhi uzovimbelwa.

Precision nokunemba umlilo

Ukuthwebula kusukela isibhamu uma uhlola impi wenziwa ku ibanga 25 m ububanzi target isiyingi 25 cm, okuyinto ogibele m isihlangu 1x0,5. Uma izimbobo ezine ndawonye umbuthano kabani ubukhulu akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-15 cm, emaphethini kubhekwa evamile. Lapho wadubula, inhlamvu has a ijubane 315 m / umzuzwana.

Ngohlobo lwawo, isibhamu saseMakarov sinembile kahle. Indawo ehlakazekayo yokudubula esuka kumamitha angu-10 ingama-35 mm, kusuka ku-25m-75 mm, futhi kusuka ku-50m-160 mm.

Inani lokulwa lomlilo PM

Ngokwezinga langempela lomlilo, i-PM ibaluleke kakhulu ku-PP, kodwa ibhekwa njengeyona engcono kakhulu ngenxa yezinye izici eziningi futhi isenkonzweni iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu eRussian Federation, futhi lokhu kufana nomdlalo owaziwa ngamathathu (uMsin's sniper isibhamu, owawusebenzela ibutho laseRussia kusukela ngo-1881 kuya ku-1881 1945). Nakuba umvukeli wenqubo ka-Nagan iphakeme kakhulu kubo: wayesebenzela ibutho cishe iminyaka engu-117. Izizwe ezingenayo isikole zazo ekukhiqizeni izikhali, nazo zisasebenza nge-PM.

Manje ukushintshwa kancane kancane kwe-PM ne-PJ sekuqalile. Inombolo yomlilo ka-PM uma kuqhathaniswa nebhayisikili Yarygin inomthelela wezingqimba ezingu-5 ngomzuzwana (35 i-PY ngokumelene ne-30 ye-PM), kanye nomagazini womugqa ophindwe kabili (amahora angu-18 ngokumelene no-8 we-PM) ngokuchaneka komlilo okufanayo. Isivinini se- PI bullet sikhulu ngamamitha ayi-100 / sec. Kodwa-ke, i-PJ ikhulu kakhulu (ubude buka-198 mm kuya ku-168 ku-PM), futhi isisindo esikhulu (isisindo se-PJ ngu-910 g sinomagazini ongenalutho, lokhu kuyi-gramu ayikhulu ngaphezu kwesisindo se-PM enomagazini ogcwele).

Kunezinkomba ezimbili zomlilo: ubuchwepheshe kanye nokulwa. Ubuchwepheshe bunqunywa ukuthi mangaki ama-cartridges ngeminithi isibhamu singabonakala, ngaphandle kokucabangela isikhathi esidingekayo sokulayishwa kabusha nokubona (okungahlukahluka kumasekhondi angu-1.5 ngezikhali zamasosha, kuze kube imizuzwana engu-20 kuya ku-30 ukuze izibhamu eziphikisana nezibhebhe zibheke ngokuqondile nangokwezansi).

Ukunquma ukuthi izinga lokulwa lomshini we-9 mm PM, ngokusemthethweni, kuyadingeka ukuba ucabangele amathuba okuba umcibisholo nesimo sezulu, okuvame ukwandisa isikhathi esilindelekile. Okulinganiselwe kuzo zonke izibhamu zokuhamba okuzenzakalelayo: 30-40 isibhamu ngomzuzwana. I-APS (i-Automatic Stechkin pistol) ikhiqiza ama-40/90 isibhamu ngomzuzwana (ukudubula okulodwa nokudubula ngokulandelana). Ngakho-ke, izinga lokulwa le-PM kakhulu lixhomeke kumshayeli webhayisikili kanye nesikhathi esidingekayo sokufaka esikhundleni sesitolo.

Ngokwesilinganiso somlilo, i-PM, kanye ne-TT, idlula i-Nagan revolver eyadlulelwa yisikhathi, nakuba lesi samuva sasinokushintshwa kokubili, isosha kanye nesiphathimandla. Esikhathini se-"Nagane" sephoyisa kwakukhona idivayisi yokuzibophezela. Kodwa-ke, zonke izikhali ezikhiqizwa eRussia zinokufana: ukuthembeka nokulula ukusetshenziswa, ukungathobeki ezimweni ezimbi zezulu (nakuba lokhu kungagcini isidingo sokuhlanza), kanye nokugcinwa okuphezulu. Isibhamu sikaMakarov asizange sibe yinto ehlukile. Intengo yayibuye yamukeleke njalo, nakuba i-Nagan ifuna iziqu eziphakeme kakhulu zabasebenzi ekukhiqizeni kwayo.