Derbent udonga e Derbent: incazelo ngezithombe

Phakathi eminyuziyamu emzini Derbent Russia imele eyiqiniso ukunambitheka zaseMpumalanga, amandla kwangaphakathi kanye nomlando multi-Kweminyaka. Ukubukeka "amapharele" of Dagestan libhekene ezinkulu izakhiwo ukuzivikela, zalelo esiteji lapho eseneminyaka inqaba enamandla, ndima lockable eduze iCaspian ogwini. amakhilomitha amaningi Derbent double izindonga eziqinisiwe inqaba Naryn-Kala, ivimbe indlela ivame ukuba "namaqaba" ocebile eningizimu yasenyakatho.

Kusukela ukuphakama ezintabeni

Kusukela ukuphakama yokhalo Dzhalganskogo Derbent kubonakala ewumngcingo ezimhlophe band esisuka phakathi blue sea nodonga eziluhlaza Crest zezintaba. Kusukela ulwandle ngempela strip ebanzi izakhiwo kanye izingadi, idolobha, kancane kancane ukugibela entabeni, onomfutho ngohlaka ecacile izindonga kuqondane and abuts emqansweni emaweni of omunye iqhubezela senhlobo entabeni Dzhalganskogo.

Lapha, kwi eweni eduze komlomo ishayisa entabeni nasezingoxini ezijulile, amagagasi amakhulu ezimpunga enqabeni owengame ukuhlala ophahleni oluyisicaba futhi inethiwekhi Curves imizila elise ezansi edolobheni lasendulo. Ikakhulukazi kubukeka ngendlela esabekayo phezu odongeni e Derbent Derbent izithombe okuyinto ophazamisa ekwakheni abaklami endala.

ifa Umhlaba

Ekuqiniseni lapha iminyaka engamakhulu ayishumi nanhlanu edlule, Sasanian Iran, kulandele i-Arab sompristi hhayi kuphela ukumelana ukumelana inhlangano enamandla imihambuma asemaqeleni, kodwa futhi basakaze amandla abo futhi nethonya on wonke eCaucasus empumalanga. Ngokumangalisayo, Derbent udonga - double odongeni inkathi Sassanid - ngasinda eziningi ezimpi, kancane agcinwe.

ucwaningo bemivubukulo bubonisa ukuthi onjalo endaweni amasu isiphetho esibalulekile njalo yayikhona iminyaka 6000 edlule. Leli qiniso ivumela Derbent kubhekwa edolobheni endala eRussia futhi omunye endala kakhulu emhlabeni. Unyaka ka-2003 kwaba-mlando edolobheni: UNESCO ochwepheshe baye bakuqaphela lenqaba a World Heritage Site njengenye ezikhumbuzo engcono walondoloza izinqaba sesakhiwo amaPheresiya asendulo.

indawo

Derbent sidilizwa zonke ibekwe phakathi kwezingange zombili ezazingasensimini eside kuyoshaya e ukufana naseduze omunye, ngaphesheya ukudlula phakathi kolwandle ezintabeni. Omunye izindonga elide kakhulu ukuzivikela ka Derbent, enyakatho, ngasinda cishe ubude balo lonke, futhi namanje wakha umngcele enyakatho yedolobha.

South Derbent odongeni, kuhambisana lokuqala, sigcinwe kuphela kanye engxenyeni engenhla noma entshonalanga yomuzi kanye ezindaweni ezincane kwenye indawo. Ukubhujiswa yaqala ngemva kokunqotshwa isiRashiya, lapho Ezansi edolobheni elikhula ohlobo European, hhayi indawo imingcele lasendulo, waqala ukwandisa kuya eningizimu. Kungcono walondoloza lenqaba, ayakhelwe izakhiwo zesimanje.

kwesigaba sogu lolwandle

abahambi basendulo nta izingxenye izindonga, kusale yoLwandle iCaspian kanye zinyamalale ngaphansi kolwandle. Isazi-mlando Lev Gumilyov ngomunye wabokuqala isifundo zalesi simo futhi wathola ukuthi isizathu ukuthi iyehla iyenyuka okuphawulekayo kolwandle. Ezikhathini zasendulo, Derbent Derbent odongeni uvikelekile ezintweni echwebeni umhlaba, manje enezikhukhula.

Namuhla, izindonga, izipikha, waphonseka elwandle, kusale kuphela ugema itshe, kuyofikwa phansi olwandle. Kahle wabeka amabhlogo abaziweyo kuyabonakala ngaphansi kwamanzi e-surface lolwandle ezolile.

incazelo

Igama eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuzivikela we Naryn-Kala (Derbent lenqaba nodonga) lisho ukuthi "ngesango elincane '. Ngempela, lapha iziNtaba zaseCaucasus esicishe osondela OLwandle iCaspian, wakha 'entanyeni "ewumngcingo, lihambe ukuthi kulula ukulawula. Ubude ukwakhiwa mayelana 1,300 amamitha emzini. Ingxenye sezintaba odongeni, ezifana Omkhulu welula ezijulile eCaucasus ku km 42.

I ukushuba we izindonga abasindile Derbent kuziwa 4 m, kanti kwezinye izindawo ifinyelela ukuphakama 18-20 m. Kwezinye izingxenye izindonga wahlala scalloped uthango. Bonke ubude bayo odongeni ahlukaniswe ucishe njalo itholakala umbhoshongo projection aboncamane nofana ukuma semi isiyingi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba e enqabeni sikhathi, amatshe aqinile. Izindawo ezibalulekile kakhulu ukuzivikela mayelana umbhoshongo projection ukunweba nenani we izinqaba. On the ngaphakathi kwezindonga abangu eshanela izitebhisi, okwenza ikampu dudula izitha.

North esangweni

Ingxenye kakhulu zokuhlobisa Derbent zakhiwo amasango. Ngokusho abalobi Arab Derbent zasendulo ngasenyakatho, Khazars, ezisengcupheni kakhulu ngomqondo lempi, udonga kwaba amasango amathathu kuphela. Baye basinda kulokho kuze kube namuhla. Omunye wabo - lalisemzileni, etholakala eduze lenqaba. Umgwaqo aziholele ku umhosha ojulile imvilophu le nqaba kusukela enyakatho-ntshonalanga. Zibizwa ngokuthi Dzharchi-caps - isithunywa esangweni.

Very interesting for zokuhlobisa design Kyrhlyarskie esangweni - Kyrhlyar-caps, emzini wabo etholakala eduze emathuneni lasendulo, ngokusho legend ihlanganise ithuna amaSulumane yokuqala ezikhonza kula mazwe. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi esangweni-span angaphandle kwenhloko-dolobha walondoloza futhi ezimbili ukubaza yezingonyama isithombe. Isango lwesithathu, ngokusobala Shurinskie elivulela kwesikhathi. Eqinisweni, udonga esenyakatho Derbent liwumngcele phakathi ayimizulane kuyilapho Inyakatho neningizimu wezolimo.

South esangweni

Ngo odongeni eningizimu zibheke emazweni amaSulumane, ngokuvumelana abalobi Arab, lapho kwakukhona amasango amaningi. Naphezu obuphelele elincane ingxenye walondoloza odongeni, lapho ngasinda lamasango amane. Omunye uchonywe ka enqabeni - Cala CAPS - manje yacekeleka phansi ngokuphelele, abanye - Bayat-capacitor etholakala eduze ummango beya lenqaba - siqala ephahlwe round kwemibhoshongo lasendulo, kodwa kakhulu kabusha.

ezithakazelisayo Iningi kukhona isango wesithathu odongeni eningizimu - Horta-namakepisi aphakathi kwemibhoshongo quadrangular futhi ehlanganisa nezipani ezimbili ezilandelanayo. Eyokuqala ndima ngaphandle yakhelwe njengoba ezintathu Lancet yayinamakhothamo, ahlukaniswe amakholomu amabili isiyingi ne izihloko quadrangular ongaphakeme elilengayo ahlotshiswa. Lapha Derbent ohlangothini odongeni lihlotshiswe nemengamo encane phezu okuyinto ibekwe elilengayo - arcature zokuhlobisa ahlelwe imigqa ezintathu unxantathu uvalo.

Ukudlula ngendlela ehluke ngokuphelele uhlobo, unxande yesibili, baprofetha ovundlile lwaleli flat, beseyama Amashalofu okubeka profiled. Ngenhla yaleli egumbini elingaphansi kukhona arc okusezingeni eliphezulu razgruznaya lwaleli nge lunette abayizimpumputhe. Ngenhla ibekwe athé odongeni ebaziwe nokuma iphuma phambili e ubakaki akhethekile amisiwe (kanye ukubaza Kyrhlyarskih esangweni) kuyinto generalized kakhulu futhi kwendikimba.

Kusukela wesine esangweni asemaqeleni eningizimu, elise endaweni yedolobha futhi ubizwa ngokuthi Doubar-caps, ngasinda pylons ezimbili ezinkulu ngezibonakaliso ayejikijela nemengamo phakathi kwazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amasango amabili ngesikhathi lenqaba: esempumalanga Umbhoshongo elingunxande futhi bethwele iminonjana izinguquko eziningi, futhi Western, ngesango eliphahlwe imibhoshongo ezimbili.

ezinye ezikhangayo

Derbent odongeni enqabeni - akuzona lomuzi wasendulo kuphela. Esikhathini inqaba kukhona amanxiwa izakhiwo eziningi ngezinhloso ezahlukene. Okunabileko yilezi:

• Etholakala lapha ithangi nqola ezibaziweyo edwaleni baprofetha ngumuntu Dome ku ezine girth Lancet nemengamo.
• Amanxiwa Enelukuluku izindlu ezinhle zokugeza, lapho phambi 1936 wayengomunye yayinjalo we domes yohlobo olufanayo ukuthi we amathangi ngenhla ephawula.
• Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi omude Derbent ukusakaza emathuneni enkulu enezindonga ihlathi itshe gravestones izikhumbuzo.

UMkhandludolobha uphinde enezinto eziningi ezindala izakhiwo, amasonto amaSulumane emithonjeni, amadamu, nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey. Ukwakhiwa emangalisayo kakhulu futhi ezinkulu kuyinto mosque, umkhatsi oluhlaza obunqoba ukuhlala ophahleni oluyisicaba lwezindlu engxenyeni engenhla Derbent yesimanje imiqhele anamandla ezikhula egcekeni ithempeli indiza izihlahla ekhulwini ubudala.