Dioxin - lokhu ... izinto Toxic. Uhlu izinto ezinamandla futhi enobuthi

Dioxin - ingenye ukungcola kwemvelo. Ingqikithi likhona okuthiwa "Dirty Dozen". Leli qembu core ezingcolisayo organic esiyingozi futhi ezicindezelayo. ososayensi Dioxins ezibaluleke ngokukhethekile, ngenxa ubuthi zabo eziphakemeyo. Ongoti waqinisekisa ukuthi leli qembu ezinobuthi kuthinta eziningana izinhlelo eziyishumi nemitshingo. Uma emzimbeni, dioxins kungaba isikhathi eside kakhulu-ke ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu yawo yamakhemikhali ukumelana, ikhono amuncwa okunamafutha kwezicubu. Ngo kubo basuke imali futhi agcinwe isikhathi eside. Ingxenye-ukuphila ka dioxin e amangqamuzana omuntu kulinganiselwa khona ukuthi eminyakeni 7-10. Lezi zinto ezinobuthi bavame ukuba aliyeke eziwukudla. I lokuhlushwa dioxins ngokuhamba kwesikhathi liyakhuphuka.

Imithombo dioxin ukungcoliswa

Dioxins akhiwa ikakhulu njengoba zibangelwa yizenzo zabantu ezimbonini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi zivela ezindaweni zemvelo ezifana kwentaba-mlilo noma imililo emikhulu ihlathi. Dioxins afakiwe uhlu izinto eziqinile futhi enobuthi, engesiyo emgqeni wokugcina. Lokhu by-imikhiqizo eziningi izimboni, kuhlanganise amakhorali kwengaphakathi futhi ukuncibilika izinqubo, amakhemikhali umkhakha. Lokhu ushevu ikhishwe ngenxa kwezibulala-zinambuzane yokubulala ukhula.

Kodwa umthombo oyinhloko ukungcoliswa kwemvelo by dioxin kuyinto inqubo engalawuliwe nokushiswa mass. Kukhona okwamanje akukho esungulwe ushevu kangakanani emkhathini ngenxa yezenzo zesintu ezinjalo eziyingozi. Ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi ezihlobene incinerators, ithuthukiswe iqoqo izinyathelo ezihlose control esiqinile phezu kilelihlelo. Sekuvele kukhona ubuchwepheshe zisishise siphele imfucuza, kuyilapho dioxins futhi dioxin-like compounds kuthiwa sasikhipha e lokuhlala aphansi.

Kodwa naphezu kwazo zonke imizamo kwezenkolo, ukusabalala ezinobuthi imvelo namanje ithinta wonke umhlaba. Dioxins zitholakala kalula kuwo wonke amazwekazi futhi cishe noma yikuphi izingxenye zomhlaba. Zitholakala emhlabathini, ezilwaneni, e imikhiqizo wokugaya ukudla. Isikhathi esining impela ushevu ezitholakele inhlanzi, izimbaza, inyama nemikhiqizo yalo. lokuhlala Minor ka dioxins ungaphakathi emoyeni, emanzini izitshalo.

Ukwakheka dioxins futhi ngenxa zigcine enkulu Nonrecycled ukuchitha uwoyela ezimbonini. Ukugcina imbewu isikhathi eside lokhu Imiphumela impahla engcolile compounds dioxin-efana imvelo. Ingcolise amadlelo namanzi. Dioxin ingena emzimbeni nemfuyo, bese - ku inyama nemikhiqizo yalo. Amazwe amaningi aye bethi ngamafutha esetshenziswa zezimboni kufanele iphathwe njengoba udoti enobungozi futhi ngonanzelelo inqubo ukulahlwa.

Dioxins Environment

Dioxin - ushevu. Ngakho-ke kuvamile impela. Kungaba sina baphikisa ngokuthi umuntu cishe akunakwenzeka ukugwema ukuthintana naye. Sekukonke, komoya, inhlabathi, amanzi akukuniki ithuba cishe wonke umuntu. Nokho, naphezu kwalezi izibikezelo silahle ithemba, ukunciphisa edonsa dioxin kungenzeka. sebenzisa Njalo abanye inhlanzeko. Lokhu kunikeza ithemba kufaneleko ukuthi ushevu luyakha emzimbeni ezincane. Gwema ukudla ukudla kusuka nezindawo zemvelo ethambile. Awukwazi ukubhukuda emanzini evulekile, loMfula okuyizinto izinkampani ezimbonini, kanye ukuphila eduze izitshalo ukwelashwa imfucuza kanye landfills kamasipala.

Dioxins e ukudla

Dioxin avame ukunqwabelana emzimbeni besikhumba saleso silwane. Le into is cishe ukuboniswa iminyaka futhi lihlale izicubu okunamafutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is wadlula eziwukudla. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo wagomela ukuthi ngesinye samanje izinto ezivamile anobuthi ngokweqile ngokudla kungenye ncamashi dioxin. ku isicelo lokuvikela ubuthi asiholele izingxenye ngokuyinhloko uncoma indlela yokuphila enempilo futhi udle zemvelo, ukudla isitshalo ikakhulukazi. Izitshalo buthelela dioxin endaweni lokuhlala sincane kakhulu. Kungcono ukuthi izithelo nemifino etshalwa on nenhlabathi Isizalo ahlanzekile. Izitolo kudingeka makudle imikhiqizo certified.

Nokho, dioxins atholakala hhayi kuphela inyama yezilwane, kodwa futhi izinhlanzi. Awukwazi uyithenga ezimakethe zemvelo nakho. Okuqukethwe imithi enobungozi kuphezulu ikakhulukazi inhlanzi ebanjwe amanzi eduze uginindela nephepha Izigayo nezitshalo ukwelashwa imfucuza. Kule umbono, izilwane zasolwandle mancane anobuthi. qikelela ikhokhelwa "oily" inhlanzi. Iqukethe semali dioxins. Ngisho izinhlanzi ezibizayo abomvu esekhulile kwezimo zendawo ezimbi kungaba yingozi.

Dioxin - akuyona nje into elimazayo. Lokhu ushevu eminyakeni zanqwabelana izicubu adipose. Akenzi ukubola phakathi ukwelashwa ukushisa. Kungakhathaliseki inyama kuso, Casserole iqeda noma ephekwe imethrikhi ethosiwe - dioxin ngeke uhambe kuphi.

Dioxins futhi ethwala imfucuza

Dioxin - Ngokuyinhloko into enobuthi ukuthi ikhishwe ngesikhathi nokushiswa of zepulasitiki, leaf udoti kanye nemfucumfucu. Kuwo wonke amazwe athuthukile ensimini ka emadolobheni kanye nezinye izindawo ezinabantu ke akuvunyelwe nhlobo ashise amahlamvu. Izimila kukhona izihlungi omkhulu. Ziqukethe esindayo zensimbi. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kwemithi nezihlahla ezikhula oseduze nemigwaqo emikhulu. izinto ezilimazayo ukungena kubo futhi ngaphansi komhlaba. Lapho ukushisa amaqabunga zonke lezi zakhi ezinobuthi, ezihlanganisa dioxins, zikhishwa singene emoyeni.

Dioxin ukungcoliswa izigameko emlandweni wezwe

Amazwe amaningi asiqaphile inani ukudla okunjalo yingozi empilweni yomuntu, njengoba dioxin. Imiyalelo on isicelo izinyathelo ukuze ukulawula ubuthi ushevu kunomthelela kusenesikhathi ukungcola, ngokuvamile kuyasiza ekuvimbeleni emikhulu imiphumela. Esinye sazo kokutholakala ababetelekile ngo-2004, i-High eziyingozi compounds lokuhlala e imikhiqizo yobisi eNetherlands. Kulandela uphenyo umthombo ukungcoliswa sekutholakale. Baphenduka out ukuba ubumba, okuyinto kabanzi asetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni kokudla kwezilwane. Indaba efanayo kwabikwa 2006, zonke e-Netherlands efanayo. Kodwa-ke omunye umthombo ukutheleleka kwahlonzwa - amafutha, njengengxenye okuphakelayo kwekhasi.

Dioxin akuyona nje uhlu ezinobuthi uyatholakala ekudleni. It ithatha Umugqa wokuqala kuwo. Emlandweni wezwe kukhona izimo ezingaphezu emikhulu ukuthola ushevu. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Ireland ekupheleni kuka-2008 ngesula ukudayiswa ton of yengulube. Ngemva amasampula bathathwa yokuqinisekisa, kwatholakala ukuthi inani dioxin inyama kokweqa izinga eliphephile izikhathi ezingu-200. Yiqiniso, okwaholela yokuthi yonke imikhiqizo yengulube ezweni waphoqeleka ukuba bahoxe ekungeneleni ukudayiswa. Ngemva ezinye uphenyo, ochwepheshe bathole ukuthi imikhiqizo eyingozi akudingeki isikhathi sokuthi etafuleni ikhasimende, futhi laba umthombo owasetshenziswa ukungcoliswa okuphakelayo. Kodwa okwamanje, kwenza sicabange mayelana izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuba lokhu esikhathini esizayo.

Kuze kube manje, akunakwenzeka ukuba ningazinaki zinsongo, njengoba dioxin. Ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ukudla namazinga omhlaba uyisidingo ukubona indawo ye ubudlelwane ukuhweba. Ngokwesibonelo, i-European Commission ekhishwe isixwayiso impilo esimweni saso ngo-2007, ngemva kokudla okufakiwe eyaziwa ngokuthi Guar gum, okuyinto kabanzi njengendlela ejenti ukuqina imikhiqizo inyama kanye nama-dessert, amazinga aphezulu dioxin atholakele. It sekutholakele ukuthi umthombo ukungcoliswa usekhonze izinga abampofu Indian resin.

Cishe njalo ngonyaka ezivela emazweni ahlukahlukene kuye kwaba nemibiko ku ukuhlonza inyama, imikhiqizo yobisi, nama-dessert, izinhlanzi ngisho izibiliboco zasolwandle lokuhlushwa ngokweqile dioxin compounds. Iningi lezi zimpawu zivela emazweni asethuthukile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imiyalelo ekubhekeni izinga lemikhiqizo athuthukile kula mazwe. Futhi, ukuqapha njalo selenziwe.

Dioxins nemiphumela yabo emzimbeni womuntu

ukuchayeka Okufushane dioxins kungaholela izinguquko sokugembula esikhumbeni. Izibonelo zibandakanya izifo ezifana Browning patchy futhi chloracne. Futhi umsebenzi sesibindi kuyaphazamiseka. Yesikhathi eside nomthelela umuntu yalezi ezinobuthi kuholela nemiphumela emibi nakakhulu. Kubhekiwe izilonda amasosha omzimba. iziyaluyalu sisheshe we endocrine kanye izinhlelo sezinzwa. Kubantu, kukhona ukwehla imisebenzi zokuzala. Futhi ngenxa ukuvezwa kwesikhathi eside dioxin athuthukile umdlavuza izimila - umdlavuza. Okwamanje, lezi zakhi anobuthi ihlukaniswa njengoba umdlavuza wobuntu. ukuchayeka yayo yangemuva nsuku zonke samanje ayinakho kuyayithinta impilo kwemiphakathi yasemadolobheni. Nokho, ngenxa ubuthi eliphezulu dioxin wokwakha kumele athathe izinyathelo ezithile ukwehlisa lokuhlushwa yayo imvelo.

subgroups ebucayi

Ukunqunywa dioxins imvelo kubalulekile ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Iningi ebucayi emiphumeleni iqembu ushevu kukhona izinsana. elikhula yabo sezinzwa, endocrine kanye nezinye isitho izinhlelo kakhulu sichayeke emiphumeleni compounds dioxin-like. Ezinganeni unyaka abahlala eduze amabhizinisi ukuze kusebenziswe futhi indle, kanye landfills kungenzeka ukubambezeleka zentuthuko, isifo eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nomdlavuza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, inani labantu at-engozini kuhlanganisa Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba lapho ukudla okuyisisekelo kuyinto izinhlanzi kanye izilwane zasolwandle. Nokho, futhi-ke, abasebenzi landfills, incinerators , futhi uginindela nephepha izimboni.

Control kanye nokuvinjelwa ukuchayeka dioxins

Ngakho lokho empeleni okufanele zithathwe ukuvimbela ukukhululwa ku imvelo ezifana eziyingozi, ezifana dioxin? Yokusetshenziswa izindlela imfucuza ubophekile ukuba liyasho ukuthi imfucuza kumele ilahlwe kahle. Lona isilinganiso kangcono nokuvimbela kwekhabhoni. Kuyadingeka ukuvimbela isitoreji eside ngesikhathi amabhizinisi udoti amafutha. Bona kumele ilahlwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. nokushiswa zabo kudingeka amazinga aphakeme okushisa kakhulu - kuka-850 degrees. Lona omunye izinkinga abazalwane ababehlangabezana nazo anawo lokhu kusaphaza okungaka. Ngeshwa, ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi yonke indawo babe izimo ezidingekayo ukuze abulale eliningi amafutha dioxin elinegciwane kanye nezinye izinto.

Kodwa indlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa umthelela izinto dioxin-like the human kuyinto lapho kwemukelwa khona ngeqoqo lezinyathelo ukuthi ngabe igxile hhayi on imiphumela, futhi uyini umthombo ukungcola. Isibonelo salokhu control esiqinile yenqubo zezimboni ukuvimbela ukukhululwa compounds ezinobuthi.

Yiqiniso, ukulandela umsebenzi zalesi sihlahla kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi cishe u-90% amacala imbangela dioxin ubuthi abantu babe ukudla. Usongo main owabuzwa yobisi kanye nenyama imikhiqizo. Futhi, amazinga aphezulu imithi enobungozi ezitholakele lezinhlanzi nezimbaza. Lokho kusho ukuthi isidingo eduze kakhudlwana ukuqapha mikhiqizo ukuze khona kwale ushevu, njengoba dioxin. Ukuhlolwa yokusabela ukuthi ubonisa lokuhlushwa ketshezi impahla, kumele kwenziwe kuyo yonke indawo. Kubalulekile ukuvikela umphakathi kusuka ubuthi. Enye yezinto ezisemqoka ukwehlisa isibalo imikhiqizo zikhonjwe lezi dioxin - ukuqedwa imithombo ukungcola.

Kodwa-ke konke izinyathelo. Kepha ubuthi okusolakala labantu emadolobheni nasemadolobhaneni, kumele kusebenze kuthathwa izinyathelo ngokushesha ukukhomba umthombo aboshwa noma nesithuthwane kulahlwa okwalandela. Kungaba yini ukudla kuphela kodwa futhi ukudla izilwane zasemapulazini. Okuhambisana labantu, ngaphansi dioxin ukuchayeka kufanele kucwaningwe ngokubandakanya ngokuba khona imiphumela sokugembula. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ukuze ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu ubudala nabancelisayo omama.

Yini abathengi abangayenza ukuze banciphise amathuba ukuchayeka dioxin?

Yiqiniso, zikhona izindlela eziningana indlela yokunciphisa amathuba ukungenisa ezinjalo eziyingozi, ezifana dioxin. Iziyalezo ukuphathwa inyama kuyosiza kule. Kungakhathaliseki, indlela isidlo - abilisiwe noma wabhaka inyama. Lisazoba dioxin, it is hhayi libhujiswa isinyathelo ezishisayo. Kodwa siyazi ukuthi akasakuthandi aqoqana izicubu okunamafutha. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuthola emzimbeni ngokudla compounds eziyingozi, usike inyama namafutha anele. Nge imikhiqizo yobisi kusenzima kulula. The ephansi lokucuketfwe fat wabo, aba maningi uyamethemba yokuthi lokuhlushwa dioxin kuzo azinakwa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla abantu kumele ibhalansiswe. Kufanele ukudla kakhulu imifino nezithelo. Izitshalo buthelela izinto dioxin-like lincane kakhulu. Uma ukunciphisa isibalo kudliwe inyama futhi avalele ukudla futhi sandise isitshalo, kungenzeka ukunciphisa ingress umzimba imithi enobungozi. Lelisu kubalulekile ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kanye lactating. Dioxin kuyingozi kakhulu izinsana. umzimba Okuwukuphela nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezibucayi ezifana sezinzwa, endocrine nekutala. I angahlangani kancane kungaba inkinga enkulu esikhathini esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, dioxin - umdlavuza. Kunomthelela emdlavuzeni.

Ukuthola kanye nesilinganiso dioxin amazinga e ukudla imvelo

ubuthi IMisa ngu dioxin kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule zitholiwe izikhathi eziningana. amacala afanayo ezenzeke emazweni amaningi. Ngokuvamile wakhonza njengephayona umthombo okuphakelayo nemfuyo kanye nokudla. Ukuze uhlole inani imithi enobungozi imvelo, sidinga ephezulu ukucacisa izindlela zesimanje. Ezweni laboratories ukufeza novivinyo olunjalo, kungasiko. Cishe bonke - emazweni anezimboni. Ngakho izindleko izifundo ezinjalo incike uhlobo amasampula. Nokho isampula begazi kuthatha kungathi izinkulungwane ezimbili zamadola. Le ntengo kuphakeme emazweni yezwe yesithathu.

Minyaka yonke, ekuthuthukiseni izindlela ezintsha zokuthola izinsuku Ukuhlolwa yezinto eziphilayo - esekelwe amasosha omzimba namaseli. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kwalezi amasu imikhiqizo ukudla ayikahlanganiswa ngokwanele yavunyelwa ngokomthetho, kodwa, nokho, ukuhlolwa yemvelo ivumela inombolo olukhudlwana ukuhlolwa ezidingekayo ngezindleko iphansana zezimali. Uma imiphumela emihle yalolu cwaningo kudingeka bachithe eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe futhi kube yizindleko chemical cwaningo.

Ngaphezu ukulawula izinga imikhiqizo ukudla, bafaka nezimfuneko ezithile ukuze incinerators.

ezinobuthi

Ngaphandle dioxin, kukhona uhlu anamandla futhi ezinobuthi namuhla. Lezi zinto zehlela enobungozi asetshenziswa ezimbonini kanye nezolimo. Nge kwekhabhoni ngephutha zenzeka ukungcoliswa amanzi, inhlabathi, umoya, izitshalo. ezinobuthi zinganqwabelana emzimbeni bezilwane nabantu. Bephambana ezihlukahlukene izifo, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza. Ayanda lokuhlushwa ayingozi, aba maningi umonakalo izicubu nogwali izinhlelo, isimo nzima yokuthi lezi izinto zinzima kakhulu futhi ngisho cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba baphethe umzimba wabo. Agcinwa ke iminyaka.

izinto kakhulu ezinobuthi - kukhona zamakhemikhali okuyizinto enobuthi kakhulu. Bayakwazi, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, ezifana izingozi ezimbonini izitshalo zamakhemikhali, ukungcolisa ezindaweni ezinkulu. Lokhu kuyingozi ngoba isimo esinjalo kufaka ubuthi sabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Kuze kube manje, iqembu amakhemikhali anobuthi ngaphezu esishintsha exchange dioxin izinto zihlanganisa chlorine, phosgene trichloride phosphorus oxide, carbon, chloropicrin, hydrocyanic acid, nesibabule chloride, acrylonitrile, i-sulphur dioxide, i-carbon disulphide, i-ammonia, dimethyl sulfate, ethylene oxide, methyl bromide.