Kuphi futhi kanjani le ntaba-mlilo kwakhiwa? Njengoba kwakhiwa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ibizwa?

Omunye emangalisayo kakhulu futhi engaqondakali zokwakheka Geological Emhlabeni-mlilo. Nokho, abaningi bethu baye kubo kuphela ukuqonda okukha phezulu. Wake wayisebenzisa yini ikhampasi kwezintaba-mlilo? Kuphi futhi kanjani le ntaba-mlilo kwakhiwa?

Uyini-mlilo?

Ngaphambi kokucabangela umbuzo kwakhiwa kanjani le ntaba-mlilo ibizwa, kubalulekile lokumba etymology kanye okushiwo inkulumo. Ezinganekwaneni Roman unkulunkulu okukhulunywa wensimbi okuthiwa Vulcan, ondlu kwaba ngomshoshaphansi. Uma uthukuthela, umhlaba waqala ukuthuthumela, futhi kwaqubuka kusukela ekujuleni umusi namalangabi. Kuyinto kungakho igama layo liyi zezintaba.

Igama elithi "mlilo" livela "vulcanus" Latin, ngokwezwi nezwi elisho ukuthi umlilo. Izintaba-mlilo - okwakheke Geological, abonakala ngokuqondile ngenhla uqweqwe aqhephukile. Kungenxa lezi imifantu phezulu Kuqubuka lava umlotha, ingxube igesi nge umusi namadwala. Lolu cwaningo zalesi simo ongaqondakali wahlanganyela isayensi geomorphology futhi volcanology.

Ukwahlukanisa kanye nesakhiwo

Zonke izintaba-mlilo emisebenzini yemvelo zisebenza, ithule futhi yokuqothulwa. Futhi endaweni - phansi, kwamanzi kanye subglacial.

Ukuze uqonde kwakhiwa kanjani-mlilo ibizwa, kubalulekile kuqala ukucabangela ngokuningiliziwe isakhiwo yayo. Njalo intabamlilo yakhiwa izakhi ezilandelayo:

1. Isifonyo (isiteshi esikhulu phakathi kumiswa Geological).
2. Dyke (s izvergsheysya lava isiteshi).
3. Crater (imbobo enkulu phezulu isitsha).
4. amabhomu Volcanic (izingcezu lukhuni magma izvergsheysya).
5. Volcanic ekamelweni (ingxenye ngaphansi kwamanzi lapho magma bagxila).
6. Isigaxa (okubizwa ngokuthi "intaba", kwakhiwa ngezithukuthuku izvergshihsya lava umlotha).

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi le ntaba-mlilo ifana entabeni enkulu, ingxenye yayo komhlaba umuntu olukhudlwana okungukuthi phezu. Imigodi yezintaba-mlilo ngokuvamile wawugcwalisa ngamanzi.

Kungani izintaba-mlilo kwakhiwa?

Inqubo iqala ukwakheka magma wentaba-mlilo ekamelweni ukwakheka komhlaba. Kancane kancane, ke sikhanya red-hot ketshezi magma, okuyinto ucindezela koqweqwe ngenzansi. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu, phansi kuqala ukwambula. Emifantwini kanye waphuka le magma Kuqubuka phezulu, futhi ngokuhamba ukuhamba kwayo kuba rocks encibilikisiwe futhi kakhulu wenabisa ufa. kwakhiwa Ngakho wentaba-mlilo. Njengoba intabamlilo kwakhiwa? Phakathi ukuqhuma phezu kukhona ezihlukahlukene emadwaleni, okuyinto kamuva imali kwi emthambekeni, kwakheka lapho Isigaxa is.

Baphi mlilo?

Lapho akhiwa izintaba-mlilo? Lezi zokwakheka Geological zabiwa Ukuboshelwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Uma sikhuluma amaphethini ukusatshalaliswa yabo, inani elikhulu lazo itholakala eduze nenkabazwe. ENingizimu Nenkabazwe, mancane kakhulu kunezinye enyakatho. Engxenyeni European yeRussia, eScandinavia, Australia kanye Brazil lumane.

Kodwa uma sikhuluma eKamchatka, Iceland, eMediterranean agudle ugu olusentshonalanga ye amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika, Indian nePacific,-Asia Ephakathi futhi eNkabeni Ye-Afrika kunensada kubo. Basuke ikakhulukazi etholakala eduze iziqhingi, archipelagos, izingxenye elisogwini amazwekazi. Ngokuvamile neyaziwayo ubuhlobo imisebenzi yabo futhi izinqubo ezihlobene ne ukunyakaza crustal.

Njengoba kwakhiwa ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ibizwa?

Ngayiphi indlela futhi kungani izintaba-mlilo ziqhuma? Izimbangela inqubo amanga yembathani Earth. Ngo inqubo ukugcina semali magma energy ezishisayo. I lokushisa magma siphakeme ngokwanele, kodwa awukwazi Ncibilikisa core Zomhlaba, ngoba odlulela uqweqwe phezulu. Uma ezingqimbeni uqweqwe kuthiwa sicindezelwe ku magma esikhipha buthaka magma iba ketshezi. Kancane kancane kuba ligcwele amagesi lincibilike isendleleni amatshe futhi ngaleyo ndlela prostilaet isendleleni kwamanzi.

Uma senigcwalise eshisayo wentaba-mlilo lava eqandisiwe futhi eqina, ukuqhuma ngeke kwenzeke nje ingcindezi magma alanele sokuxosha lokhu ukhokho. Eruption ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana njengokungathi ngokuzamazama komhlaba. Ashes kungenziwa ukhiphe a ukuphakama amashumi amaningana of amakhilomitha.

Izintaba-mlilo amelela ekwakhekeni, okusikhumbuza ntaba, engasempumalanga kuqubuka kusukela magma incandescent. Njengoba intabamlilo kwakhiwa? Ephambi kwezinduna waphuka e uqweqwe esikhipha magma lomhlaba waphonsa kwamanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi. Slope intabamlilo kwakhiwa ngenxa subsidence edwaleni lava, umlotha eduze eshisayo.