E-East Siberia: amaminerali kanye nokukhululeka

ISiberia yaseMpumalanga inesabelo esikhulu esivela ku-Yenisei kuya ePacific Ocean. Idume ngenani elikhulu lemithombo yemvelo namaminerali. Izici zokukhululeka kanye nesakhiwo se-geological salesi sifunda senza kube yigugu kakhulu ngokwezinto zokusetshenziswa. Amaminerali aseMpumalanga Siberia ayenawo amafutha, amalahle nesimbi kuphela. Iveza ingxenye ebalulekile yegolide laseDussia nedayimane, kanye nezinsimbi eziyigugu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe ingxenye yezinhlanzi zehlathi kuleli zwe.

ISiberia saseMpumalanga

Amaminerali akuyona kuphela isici salesi sifunda. I-Eastern Siberia ihlala endaweni engamakhilomitha angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-7, okuyi-quarterly of Russia yonke. Ivela esigodini soMfula i-Yenisei kuya emagqumeni amaningi entabeni ogwini lwasePacific. Enyakatho isifunda sise-Arctic Ocean, naseningizimu - neMongolia neChina.

E-Eastern Siberia akuzona izindawo eziningi nezindawo zokuhlala, njengasezindaweni zaseYurophu zaseRussia, ngoba le ndawo ibhekwa njengabantu abancane. Nakhu okukhulu kakhulu ezweni emazweni aseChita nase-Irkutsk, kanye nasezindaweni zaseKrasnoyarsk naseTrans-Baikal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iSiberia saseMpumalanga ihlanganisa izifundazwe ezizimele zaseYakutia, iTuva naseBuryatia.

I-Eastern Siberia: ukusizwa kanye namaminerali

Ukuhlukahluka kwesakhiwo se-geological esifundeni sichaza ingcebo yezinto zalo zokusetshenziswa. Ngenxa yenani labo elikhulu, ama-deposits amaningi awazange aphenywe. Iziphi amaminerali acebile eSiberia saseMpumalanga? Akuyona nje amalahle, amafutha ne-iron ore. Emathunzini esifundeni kukhona imali ecebile ye-nickel, ihola, i-tin, i-aluminium kanye nezinye izinsimbi, kanye nokudingekayo embonini yamadwala ase-sedimentary. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yi-Eastern Siberia engumhlinzeki oyinhloko wegolide namadayimane.

Lokhu kungachazwa yizici ezikhethekile zokukhululeka kanye nesakhiwo se-geological esifundeni. I-Siberia yaseMpumalanga isendaweni yasendulo yaseSiberia. Futhi iningi lensimu yalesi sifundazwe i-Plateau Central Siberia ephakanyiswe ngaphezu kwezinga elwandle ukusuka ku-500 kuya ku-1700 m. Isisekelo salesi sakhiwo yilona amadwala amakhulu kunama-crystalline, aneminyaka yobudala efinyelela eminyakeni eyizigidi ezine. Isendlalelo esilandelayo yi-sedimentary. Iyashintsha ngamadwala amagmatic akhiwa ngenxa yokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhululeka kwe-Eastern Siberia kuhlanganiswe, kwaqhubeka. Iqukethe izintaba eziningi, izintaba, amatharasi, izigodi ezijulile zemifula.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinqubo ze-geological, ama- tectonic shifts, ama-deposits of rocky sedimentary kanye nama-magmatic futhi kwaholela emcebweni wamaminerali e-Eastern Siberia. Ithebula livumela ukuthola ukuthi izinsiza eziningi zikhishwa lapha kunezifunda ezingomakhelwane.

Izindawo zokugcina amalahle

Ngenxa yezinqubo ze-geological ezivela ema-Paleozoic naseMesozoic, ama-dollar amakhulu aseRussia amasheya amaminerali aseNtshonalanga naseMpumalanga Siberia asezindaweni eziphansi zendawo. Lena ngamabhasi aseLena naseTunguska. Izindleko ezincane ezimbalwa nazo ziningi kakhulu. Futhi nakuba kukhona amalahle amancane kuwo, nawo athembisa. Lezi yizikebhe zeKamsko-Achinsk ne-Kolyma-Indigir, i-Irkutsk, i-Minusinsk, neSouth Yakutsk.

I-reserves yamalahle e-Eastern Siberia ilandisa ngama-80% azo zonke amalahle ezimbiwe eRussia. Kodwa izindawo eziningi ezenzekayo zinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ngenxa yezimo zezulu zendawo esifundeni kanye nezici zenkululeko.

I-iron ne-copper ores

Amaminerali amakhulu aseMpumalanga Siberia ayinsimbi. Izindleko zabo zitholakala emadwaleni asendulo kunazo zonke, ngisho nangaphambi kwesikhathi sokuqapha. Ngaphezu kwakho konke esifundeni sama-hematite namagnetite. Izindleko zabo zikhona eningizimu yesifunda sase-Yakut, ePodkamennaya Tunguska Basin, e- Yenisei Ridge, nase-Angara, eKhakassia, eTuva naseTranskaikalia.

Amakhodi amakhulu kunawo wonke yiKorshunovskoe no-Abakan. Kuningi labo futhi esifundeni sase-Angara-Pitsky. Lapha, u-10% wazo zonke izinqolobane ze-iron ore zaseRashiya zigxilwe. E-Transbaikalia nasenyakatho yesifunda kukhona amakhopho amakhulu e-tin, ama- polyresallic ores nezinsimbi eziyigugu.

Izakhamuzi zaseNorilsk zidumile ngamakhopho amakhulu we-copper-nickel ores. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-40% weThrojani kanye ne-80% we-nickel ayagcinwa lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-cobalt, kune-platinum, isiliva, i-tellurium, i-selenium nezinye izakhi. Kwezinye izindawo ithusi, i-mercury, i-manganese, i-antimony iyagcinwa. Kunezinhlawulo ezinkulu ze-bauxite.

Amaminerali angewona amatshe

Izwe lethu lingumhlinzeki omkhulu emhlabeni wonke wegesi yemvelo, likhiqiza amafutha amaningi. Futhi umhlinzeki wokuqala walezimbiwa yizinsimu zaseMpumalanga Siberia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqubo ze-geological ziye zaholela ekukhuleni kwezinto ezicebile zemidwala eyedlula.

• ISiberia yaseMpumalanga inikeza ingxenye ebalulekile yamafutha aseRussia. Ihlongozwa ikakhulukazi eTrastioyarsk Territory. Muva nje idiphozi entsha itholwe ezindaweni ezingenhla zeLena River. Ukuphenywa kokukhiqizwa kwamafutha emgodini waseVilyui, kanye nasempumalanga yezwe eliphansi laseTunguska, uphenywa.
• I-subsoil yesifunda icebile ngegesi yemvelo. Sekuyisikhathi eside insimu yaseTaas-Timus eseduze nomfula weVilyui River.
• Ngenxa yobukho bezikhathi zasendulo zokwakhiwa kolwandle olungajulile, amaminerali ase-Eastern Siberia asezindaweni ezisezindaweni zaseMpumalanga yilezi zamatshe. Ikakhulukazi kakhulu emigodini yemifula uLena noVilyui, ezindaweni ezingenhla ze-Angara. Kodwa ama-deposits anamandla kakhulu aseNordic.
• Endaweni ye-Noginsk, i-deposit enkulu kunazo zonke zezwe ze-graphite zitholakala. Idiphozi yayo enkulu yiKreiskoye.
• I-subsoil endaweni yomfula i-Aldan noMama inomkhiqizo ocebile.
• Imithombo yamaminerali aseMpumalanga Siberia njenge-talc, i-magnesite, i-asbestos, i-gypsum, i-kaolin nezinye eziningi ziyakhiwa.

Igolide nedayimane yaseMpumalanga Siberia

Insimbi ewusizo kakhulu iye yachithwa lapha cishe cishe ekhulwini lesibili leminyaka. Idiphozi endala kunazo zonke yiBodaibo esifundeni sase-Irkutsk. Izindleko zegolide ezingenalutho nezimpande zisezindaweni ze-Aldan, Yansky, Allah-Yunsky. Muva nje, ama-deposits asethuthukile endaweni ye-Yenisei Ridge, ngaphansi kweMinusinsk nasempumalanga yeTranskaikalia.

Ngenxa yezinqubo ezikhethekile ze-geological ezenzeka kule ndawo emuva kwesikhathi saseMesozoic, amadayimane amaningi manje agodliwe lapha. Idiphozi enkulu kakhulu eRussia itholakala eNtshonalanga Yakutia. Zisuswa ezibizwa ngokuthi i-diatremes, zigcwele amamberlites. Ngamunye "okunjalo ukuqhuma kwamapayipi" okutholakala kuwo amadayimane, ngisho negama lawo. Okudumile kunazo zonke yi "Udachnaya-Vostochnaya", "Mir" ne "Aikhal".

Imithombo yemvelo

Indawo enzima yalesi sifundazwe, izindawo ezinkulu ezingenakubalwa ezigcwele amahlathi e-taiga, zihlinzeka ngemithombo yemvelo. Ngenxa yokuthi imifula egcwele kakhulu egcwele iRussia igeleza lapha, isifunda sinikezwa amandla angabizi futhi ahlanzekile emzimbeni we-hydroelectric. Imifula igcwele inhlanzi, amahlathi azungezile yizilwane ezithwala izinwele, okuyinto inhlabathi eyigugu kakhulu. Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi umuntu usebenza kakhulu ekuphazamiseni imvelo, izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo nezilwane ziyafa. Ngakho-ke, esifundeni, izinqolobane eziningi kanye namapaki kazwelonke asanda kudalwa ukuze alondoloze izinsiza zemvelo.

Izindawo ezicebile kakhulu

I-East Siberia ihlala cishe ingxenye yesine yensimu yaseRussia. Kodwa akekho abantu abaningi abahlala lapha. Kwezinye izindawo umuntu ongu-1 kunamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-100 square. Kodwa iSiberia yaseMpumalanga inothile kakhulu kumaminerali nemithombo yemvelo. Nakuba zingabelwe ngokungafani kulo lonke isifunda.

• Ocebile kakhulu ngokwezomnotho yi-Yenisei basin. Nakhu iKrasnoyarsk, lapho okungaphezu kwesigamu sabantu baseMpumalanga Siberia sigxile kakhulu. Ukucebisa kwalendawo endaweni yamaminerali, yemvelo kanye nemithombo yamanzi iholele ekuthuthukisweni okusebenzayo kwembonini.
• Umcebo, osekugcineni kweMfula i-Angara, waqala ukusetshenziswa kuphela ngekhulu lama-20. I-deposit enkulu kakhulu ye-polymetallic yatholakala lapha. Futhi izinqolobane ze-iron ore zinkulu. Lapha ama-magnesite ahamba phambili asetshenziswa eRussia, kunamaningi amaningi antimony, ama-bauxites, ama-nephelines, ama-shales. Amapayipi amasha, ishlabathi, i-talc ne-limestone.
• U-Evenkia unemithombo ecebile kakhulu. Lapha ku-Basin Tunguska kukhona amaminerali anjalo aseMpumalanga Siberia njengetshe namalahle omnyama. Esigodini se-Noginskoye, i-high-quality graphite igociwe. Kwakhiwe futhi idiphoyinti ye-Isceland spar.
• I-Khakassia yisinye isifunda esicebile. Lapha ingxenye eyodwa yamalahle aseMpumalanga yaseSiberia, yonke i-iron ore, iyagcinwa. Phela, i-mine ye-Abakan, e-Khakassia, iyona enkulu kunazo zonke futhi idala kunazo zonke esifundeni. Kukhona igolide, ithusi, izinto eziningi zokwakha.
• Enye yezindawo ezicebile kakhulu kuleli zwe yiTransbaikalia. Iningi lensimbi lenziwa lapha. Isibonelo, idiphozi yaseDudokan inikeza i-ore copper, i - Onon - tungsten, iSherlokogonskoe neTarbalgejskoye - tin, neShakhtaminskoye neZhrikenskoe - molybdenum. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igolide eliningi likhishwa eTransbaikalia.
• Imali yamaminerali eMpumalanga Siberia yiJakutia. Nakuba nje emva kokuguqulwa kwemvelo kwaqala ukuthuthukisa ama-rock salt, amalahle nama-iron ore. Kunezinhlawulo ezicebile zensimbi ezingenalutho, i-mica. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-Yakutia ukuthi kutholakala izinqolobane ezicebile zegolide namadayimane.

Izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa kwamaminerali

Izindawo ezinkulu, ezingasetshenziswanga zaleso sifunda ziholela ekutheni iningi lemithombo yalo yemvelo ayinakulinganiswa. Ngakho-ke kunabantu abambalwa kakhulu, ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwamaminerali aseMpumalanga Siberia ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi kuthuthukiswa. Ngenxa yokuthi ukungabi khona kwemigwaqo ensimini enkulu kanye nebanga elide ukusuka enkambeni kufakazela ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kokufakwa kwezifunda ezikude akusizi ngalutho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi le-Siberia laseMpumalanga lisezindaweni ezihamba phambili. Isimo sezulu esibucayi sithinta ukuthuthukiswa kwemithombo yemvelo kuyo yonke indawo.

North-Eastern Siberia naseMpumalanga Ekude

Ngenxa yezimo ezikhethekile zokuxhaswa nezimo zezulu, amaminerali aseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeSiberia awacebile kakhulu. Kunezinhlanzi ezimbalwa lapha, ikakhulukazi eziqhingini ze-tundra ne-arctic. Ingxenye enkulu yensimu ilawulwa yi-merlot yaphakade kanye namazinga okushisa aphansi ngonyaka. Ngakho-ke, amaminerali aseNyakatho-Eastern Siberia awazi kahle kahle. Ngokuyisisekelo, amalahle agciniwe lapha, kanye nezinsimbi - i-wolfram, i-cobalt, i-tin, i-mercury, i-molybdenum negolide.

Izindawo ezingasempumalanga nasenyakatho yeSiberia zithunyelwa eMpumalanga Ekude. Le ndawo ibuye icebile, kodwa futhi inabantu abaningi ngenxa yokusondela kwaso olwandle nesimo sezulu esibi. Amaminerali aseMpumalanga Siberia naseMpumalanga Ekude afana ngezindlela eziningi. Kukhona futhi amadayimane, igolide, i-tungsten nezinye izinsimbi ezingezona ezensimbi, i-mercury, isulfure, i-graphite, ne-mica. Kulesi sifundazwe kukhona imali ecebile kakhulu yamafutha, amalahle negesi yemvelo.