Ububanzi besikhathi sokuxhumana komsakazo nokusakazwa

Ibanga lezimvamisa liyigama elisetshenziswe kabanzi ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba kanye nobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi, kubunjiniyela bomsakazo. Ngalo mqondo kuchazwa kokubili ububanzi bokusebenza kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi, futhi ububanzi besikhathi esibekwe ukusabalalisa kwisevisi ethile yomsakazo . Kanti futhi singakwazi ukukhuluma ngokuphazamiseka kobubanzi obubanzi bomsakazo.

Imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe ilawula ngokuqinile ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezahlukene zemisakazo zokusakazwa (kufaka phakathi i-satellites) yezinga elichazwe ngokucacile. Lokhu kuchazwa isidingo sokuqinisekisa ukuhambisana komsebenzi wezinhlelo ezahlukene nokuqeda ukuphazamiseka komunye.

Ngokomthetho we-Radio, insimu yomhlaba ihlukaniswe izifunda ezintathu ezinkulu. Eyokuqala ihlanganisa iYurophu, amazwe aseCIS, iRussia, iMongolia ne-Afrika. Owesibili yiyona ndawo yaseMelika (kokubili eNyakatho neNingizimu). Eyesithathu - eNingizimu neSouth-East Asia, e-Australia, ePacific. Isifunda ngasinye sinezinhlelo zokusakazwa kwamabhendi omvamisa womsakazo.

Ukuze kusetshenziswe ukukhulumisana kwe-satellite, uMthethonqubo unikeza ama-frequency bands ngezimpawu L, S, C, X, Ku, Ka, K kusukela ku-1452 MHz kuya ku-86.0 GHz. Iningi lezinhlelo ze-satellite zisebenza ezingxenyeni zeC and Ku. I-range iqhutshwa phambili eYurophu naseMelika, kepha ezweni lakithi alitholanga isicelo esikhulu okwamanje.

Ukusebenza kwe-antenna kuncike kwinani lezintambo ezilinganayo ezihambisana ngaphakathi kwe-antenna. Ngomvuthwandaba owandayo, ubude bezintambo buyancipha (lezi ziningi zilinganiselwe) futhi amasignali aphezulu kakhulu asadingi ama-antenna amakhulu. Ibanga lezintambo C liyamukelwa ubukhulu be-antenna yamamitha angu-2.5-4.5, futhi ukuthola amaza we-K-band, ubukhulu obuningi be-antenna buyi-10-15 cm kuphela. Ngamanani afanayo, ama-antenna asezingeni eliphezulu azuza inzuzo enkulu.

Ekusakazeni, isiteshi ngasinye sokudlulisa sinemibandela yayo yemvamisa. Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kwamagagasi omsakazo ngaphezu kobubanzi nobubanzi be-wavelength. Ngokusho kwakhe, amagagasi:

- I-Decametric nge-length of length ye-10 000-100 000 km, ama-frequencies awo ahlukaniswa njengabaphansi kakhulu (3 - 30 Hz).

- I-Megametric (i-wavevel is 1000-10 000 km), ibanga lezinombolo lifika ku-300 Hz.

- Hectokilometrovye (enebude bamakhilomitha angu-100-1000), ahlobene nezikhathi zama-ultralow (kufika ku-3000 Hz).

- Ubude obude (ubude - amakhilomitha angu-10-100) - kakhulu kakhulu (kufika ku-30 kHz).

- Ubude (ubude buyi-1-10 amakhilomitha) - phansi (kufika ku-300 kHz).

- Medium (ubude be-100-1000 amamitha) - ama-medium frequencies, kufika ku-3000 kHz.

- Okufutshane, okuba nobude bamamitha angu-10-100 - kubizwa ngakho. Amazinga aphakeme (kufika ku-30 MHz).

- Ultra-iDemo noma imitha (ubude 1-10 amamitha), eliphezulu kakhulu (kufika ku-300 MHz).

- Decimetric (ubude 10-100 amasentimitha), ultra-high, kufika ku 3000 MHz.

- I-centimeter (ubude be-1-10 centimeters), i-ultra-high (kufika ku-30 GHz).

- I-Millimeter (ubude be-1-10 millimeters), eliphezulu kakhulu (kufika ku-300 GHz).

Ibanga lezinombolo 300-3000 GHz libhekisela kulokho okuthiwa. Ububanzi bamafrikhthi we-hyperhigh.

Ezingeni zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa koxhumana nabo, umsakazo ode ubude obude futhi obude kakhulu wasetshenziswa. Kodwa bona, besakazeka phezu komhlaba, babambe kakhulu, kwakudingeka amadivayisi anamandla okudlulisela. Ukwamukelwa okuqhubekayo kwenziwa emagagasi aphakathi, kodwa kunzima ukuhlinzeka ibanga lokudlulisela, futhi lolu hlu, ikakhulukazi ukusakazwa kwomsakazo wendawo kanye nengqikithi yamakhilomitha angamakhulu amaningana, lisetshenziswa.

Amagagasi amasha anikeza ububanzi obude, kodwa angaphansi kokuphazanyiswa nokuphazamiseka kwesignali. Zisetshenziselwa, ikakhulukazi, emoyeni nasekuhambeni kwezilwandle nasemigqeni esemqoka yokuxhumana.

Inzuzo enkulu yamazinga aphezulu-imvamisa yindlela yokusebenzisa ama-antenna afane nobukhulu obufana nobuningi bomhlaba, imisebe iyasebenza kuphela uma lesi simo sifinyelelwe. Ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezinesikhathi eside ezisekelwe ekusakazweni kwamagagasi ngaphakathi kwemingcele yokubonakala kwavela ngokusetshenziswa kwama satellite womhlaba.