EChernobyl ngaphambi kwale ngozi futhi ngemuva kwengozi. Land kuhlukaniswa

Pripyat - idolobha elincane kwamandla onjiniyela e Kiev esifundeni, eduze okuyinto kwekulu sokuphehla amandla enuzi, okuyinto wathola igama layo kusukela elise Awukude eponymous wesifunda isikhungo wakhe. Ngakho abantu abaningi khumbula eChernobyl ngaphambi kwale ngozi. Futhi ngemva kwaleyo ngozi igama kuye kwahlotshaniswa kuphela enye yezinhlekelele ezimbi kakhulu eyenziwe ngesikhathi sakhe. Igama kwakubonakala sithwale isigxivizo nhlekelele wesintu nasekubaleni imfihlakalo. Ngiyetfuka futhi ikhanga. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi EChernobyl uzohlala osemqoka zomhlaba.

Umlando omncane

Edolobheni elincane eChernobyl yaziwa kusukela 1193. Ukukhuluma butholakala encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla uhlu emadolobheni Russian XIV leminyaka. Kusukela phakathi neminyaka eyikhulu eyalandela, wayesefile kakade ngaphansi kokulawula Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Budebuduze kuye ke lamiswao inqaba ezingafinyeleleki, sizungezwe umsele ezijulile, okungase nanamuhla. Ekhulwini XVI, indawo leli dolobha muzi waba isikhungo wesifunda, okwakunginika ngokwayo wazizwa eYurophu asempini emva kwempi ka 1789 eFrance ngenxa "Rosalia kusukela EChernobyl", abizwa kanjalo Rozaliyu Hodkevich (Lubomirski eshadile). Kwakungesinye abahlanganyeli ezimatasa yalezo zenzakalo zomlando elikude, wabe isiphetho esidabukisayo abasekeli asebukhosini we Bourbons noMarie-Antoinette.

Ngo 1793 komuzi aba ingxenye yoMbuso Russian. It kuhlale Ukraine, kanye nabasePoland nase-amaJuda. Shiya isikhathi eside eChernobyl laliyisikhungo Hasidism, inhlangano yenkolo yobuJuda.

Ngakho omncane owaziwa ngo lonke idolobha lalingahambisani eChernobyl ngaphambi kwale ngozi. Futhi ngemva kwaleyo ngozi kuye ngokuzumayo ungenisa ukunakwa emhlabeni wonke, futhi kakhulu igama layo uya ezisetshenziswa ezindlini incazelo eliyingozi, ngokuvamile ehambisana ngegama elithi "inhlekelele" kanye 'nhlekelele. "

ngaphambi kwale ngozi

Eminyakeni 70 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka, emhlabeni wonke kwaba khona uhlobo boom ukuthuthukiswa amandla enuzi. Ngaleyo minyaka, emazweni amaningi, abantu abaningi izitshalo amandla enuzi babekwa, omunye elakhiwa eduze confluence Dnieper River Pripyat. Nokuthuma ibutho lokuqala ngesikhathi eChernobyl isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi senzeka ngo-1975. Ngentwasahlobo ka-1986 e-isitshalo esebenza ngamandla amayunithi ezine.

Ngo eduze ngokushesha esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi kukhona emadolobheni amancane nge abasebenzi shift bese service izisebenzi - eChernobyl futhi Pripyat. Lesi sakamuva lwenzelwe ngesisekelo the NPP emadolobheni satellite. Ukunikela umsebenzi amalungu omkhaya saMandla, ke ukwakhiwa eziningana amabhizinisi zezimboni zanikezwa. Ingqalasizinda yedolobha kuphinde unikezwe eningi ukunakwa, njengoba engu isilinganiso atomograda labantu polis'ky eneminyaka engu-26.

Pripyat ngalezo zinsuku kwaba elinye lamadolobha yodumo Ukraine. zokuthutha yayo elula, ezitaladini elikhulu ububanzi, ukusatshalaliswa izindawo zokuhlala kanye amapaki ezokuzijabulisa ahehe abantu abavela emaphandleni aseduze nemizana, kuhlanganise eChernobyl.

Kuze kube manje, abantu abaningi akuzona ngempela ngokucacile ukuqonda ukuthi isikhungo nesizotha zesifunda eChernobyl e eminyakeni ngaphambi kwale ngozi, ayengenabo nge amandla enuzi. Original amandla dolobha onjiniyela lezincwadi lalichuma nje edolobheni ezisencane Pripyat, elise amakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka eChernobyl amandla enuzi. Le ngozi eChernobyl esihlobene naso, kodwa wathola igama layo kusukela igama eponymous wesifunda isikhungo, thola eningizimu-mpumalanga ye esiteshini at ibanga amakhilomitha 18. Pripyat futhi eyasungulwa ngo-1970 kuphela sibonga ukwakhiwa eChernobyl amandla enuzi. EChernobyl ngokwayo laliwumuzi omncane elinabantu kungekho abantu abangaphezu kuka-13 eziyinkulungwane. Manje kulo lonke indawo okungayi iyikhaya labantu abangaba ngu-5000, lapho endaweni ethile 4000 bukhoma maphakathi esifundeni eChernobyl.

ingozi

Okwenziwe umuntu inhlekelele, okwenzeka 26 ku-April 1986 umlando unyaka edolobheni izingxenye izinkathi ezimbili: ngaphambi yingozi yaseChernobyl futhi ngemuva kwengozi.

On amandla iyunithi № 4 ngesikhathi ekuhlolweni project omunye ophephela ugesi ukuqhuma phansi ngokuphelele le ophendulayo. Kwakukhona imililo kuka-30, nokuqedwa okuyinto ekuqaleni wabe kuphela ezinophephela emhlane ngenxa ezinzima imvelo ngemisebe. Esikhathini sokuqala post-ingozi wakwazi ukumisa iwashi engumakhelwane amandla lwesithathu, cisha ukuhlonyiselwa wesine amandla iyunithi, ukuhlola isimo ophendulayo eziphuthumayo.

Ngenxa yalokho le nhlekelele liye adedelwa imvelo abangaba yizigidi ezingu-400 curies of izinto radioactive. Kwakuyisikhathi uhlobo olusha inhlekelele, wehlela emlandweni njengoba izwi usezuze kunencazelo eliyingozi, - "EChernobyl". 1986 ingozi enamandla kakhulu amandla enuzi yaseSoviet Union esebeké isintu ebusweni angaphatheki, sitha esingabonakali - kwazo imisebe.

Izimbangela ingozi

Le ngozi eChernobyl kwaba ngenye yezinhlekelele ezinkulu emlandweni amandla enuzi. Abantu abaningi babulawa futhi kwalimala phakathi nezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala. Eminyakeni yangemva inhlekelele futhi kwadingeka nomphumela owaqhubeka isikhathi eside nemiphumela yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Kusukela evutha ophendulayo ifu kushaywa isamba esikhulu izinto ezinemisebe esakhini esithile endaweni ezungezile eSoviet Union futhi ingxenye enkulu yeYurophu.

ukubaluleka zezenhlalo nezombusazwe eChernobyl inhlekelele eSoviet Union ayikwazanga kodwa kuthinta inkambo uphenyo ngezimbangela zako. Ukuhunyushwa ngamaqiniso nezimo yengozi Ushintshe izikhathi eziningana. A kukhona ukuvumelana ngokuthi okuqakathekileko azifinyelelanga kuze kube manje.

Phakathi kwezimbangela yengozi abizwa ngokuthi amaphutha design zalesi sihlahla, izinkinga eziningi isakhi ophendulayo RBMK-1000, izenzo engiwenzayo ka amashifu abasebenzi abasebenza, ngenxa okwenzeka ophendulayo okwaphela lapho kuqhuma ibhomu ezishisayo engalawuliwe chain reaction.

Esinye sezizathu babe ukuntuleka ukuqeqeshwa isikhungo ekufundeni ngempumelelo, ukwehluleka kwemishini, washiya ngaphandle nophenyo, phakathi 1980 no-1986. Phakathi imicabango ehlukahlukene ziye kugxilwe kancane futhi komhlaba yokulinganisa kuze 4 amaphuzu.

On the ingxenye izikhulu nemithi nje manga enkulu, umthwalo le ngozi idalwe sigudluke kuphela opharetha futhi ngamaphutha abo izifo abathintekayo wayenqabile ukubonana izimbangela yokukhishwa kwemisebe. Ilokhu kukhona ngomzamo ukunciphisa ubukhulu bale nhlekelele.

Land kuhlukaniswa

Zone eChernobyl iyona kuhlukaniswa komhlaba. Okunjalo isimo esiphuthumayo bekungenxa yokuhluleka ukuthobela abalulekile kwazo imisebe ye izindawo iseduze isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi. Le ndawo wahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amagatsha amathathu, ngaphansi kokulawula: Amandla enuzi aye esiteshini uqobo ngqo, okuthiwa ekhethekile endaweni desyatikilometrovaya amathathu ikhilomitha ndawo.

On kwemingcele yabo Kwenziwa izimoto ngokuqinile ziqashwe, decontamination amaphuzu efakwe.

EChernobyl, ukusebenza komthetho ejensi bekwi-esishintshashintshayo Ukuvikelwa zensimu nokulawula nokungena khona ngokungemthetho endaweni yabo ngabantu okungagunyaziwe. Lapha zisekelwe izinkampani ezinkulu, Tinsita nezinye izakhiwo, enifeza usebenzele ukulondoloza izwe zihlukanisiwe usesimweni ephephile imvelo.

ukuphila yesibili

Umuzi elaziwayo elincane nge ezitaladini oluhlaza futhi ehlanzekile zingezona ezibonakalayo grey dvuhetazhki - esasiphambi yingozi yaseChernobyl futhi ngemuva kwengozi yena waziwa emhlabeni wonke ngomzuzwana, edolobheni, kuze kube phakade iqandiswe izikhathi eSoviet Union.

Lidonsa abalandeli ezivela emhlabeni wonke Postapokaliptika. EChernobyl futhi Pripyat, kanye ngokuqiniseka izinyathelo ibe nekusasa eliqhakazile, manje indawo okungayi futhi zifakwe ohlelweni ukuvakashelwa ngaphansi hambo olusemthethweni. Ethandwa kakhulu kuleli zwe yanqoba ngo-2007 ngemva kokukhululwa kwe-computer game «Stalker:. Ethunzini EChernobyl"

Ngokukamagazini i-Forbes we-2009, indawo eChernobyl kufakwe uhlu 12 izivakashi izindawo, beqaphela ukuthi ezithandeka kakhulu.

Kwezinye izindawo ngokuvamile izinga lemisebe ye endaweni idlula ubuncane avumelekile izikhathi 30, kodwa lokhu akumvimbi labo abafisa ukuba bafakaze lesikhumbuzo sokuphana ngento enkulu kakhulu le nhlekelele ezenziwe umuntu. EChernobyl, izivakashi 40 000 bavakashela i nale minyaka eyishumi edlule. Minyaka yonke inani elikhulu stalkers is wephuza eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini ngokungemthetho endaweni wendawo "Apocalypse", indawo lapho abantu abasoze bakwazi ukuphila. Nokho, ukugeleza izivakashi ukhiqiza supply yayo siqu futhi funa, uma lo muzi ikuvumela ukuthola ukuphila yesibili.