ECrimea njengengxenye yeRussia. Ukubuya eCrimea eRussia

Izakhamuzi enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea ngoMashi 2014, cishe ngazwi linye ezathi inhlolovo ukubuya eCrimea eRussia. izinqumo Lightning ezathathwa State Duma Russia futhi uMongameli uholé abahlaziyi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukusebenza iphrojekthi ekhethekile abakulungiselweyo isikhathi eside, kanti abadlali ukwazi izindima zabo ngokuphelele. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa eCrimea njengengxenye yeRussia, futhi manje wonke ilindele ngemiphumela lesi senzakalo ngendlela engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili.

emthethweni wamazwe omhlaba intando abantu eCrimea

Ngo umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe wesimanje fixed imiqondo emibili engqubuzanayo: ubuqotho isimo kanye ilungelo izizwe lokuzibusa. Ukuze "monogosudarstv" (ie, labo abamagama insimu okwakuhlala kulo isizwe esisodwa kuphela), zonke ilula futhi icacile. Kodwa uma kuziwa uthi multi-yobuhlanga, imithetho kuyaphikisana. Futhi kulesi simo, njengoba wazi, wonke umuntu ekhululekile ukuba ahumushe ubudala ngendlela yabo. Ngakho-ke, lapho eCrimea baba yingxenye Russia, umphakathi wezwe lonke wahlambalaza baqala ukukhuluma mayelana nokudliwa izindawo.

ososayensi Political baphikisa ngokuthi "umlando YaseCrimea" akuhlukile kangako kusukela izenzakalo eKosovo ngo-2008. NATO amayunithi lempi langena eKosovo ukuze avimbele amaSerbia ukuvimbela inhlolovo. Noma yimuphi unswinyo ebekwa UN ukuphoqelela kwakungafanele amabutho. benza Cishe Ngakho eRussia, lapho iphalamende YaseCrimea ithumele isicelo State Duma we Russian Federation. Umahluko owokuthi ukuthi kwaba akudingekile ukungena lutho: a akuxhomekile amabutho Russian wagcinwa eCrimea ezingaphezu kweyodwa eyishumi.

Crimeans - isizwe noma "ucingo wenhliziyo"

Nokho, ukhuluma ngani lokuzibusa wezizwe akunakwenzeka: kukhona uhlobo "isizwe YaseCrimea." Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu elinabantu abangaba 60% e-Crimean isiRashiya, 25% no-10% base-Ukraine lwesiTatar. Empeleni, njengoba kuzo zonke Ukraine akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi lokhu noma ukuthi indawo ugcwale Ukraine yobuhlanga noma Russian yobuhlanga. Akukhona lokho kuphela, abantu ngokwabo zifana kakhulu, ngakho ngaphambili futhi for bonke ubudala futhi lwendabuko okuxubile.

lesifanele Mhlawumbe asafuna ukukusho ukuthi krymchanin - akusiwona isiRashiya, isi-Ukrainian noma Tatar, futhi lo muntu wakhulela izimo ezikwenza kodwa esiyinselele. Imvelo kanye sezulu, inhlonhlo ye ugqozi humanity ukuthula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ulwandle ngempela enemikhuba eziyinkimbinkimbi ezindawo indawo intukuthelo intando isibindi, ukuzimisela nokuzithawala.

Ukwamukelwa eCrimea eRussia ziyaphikisana futhi impikiswano futhi ngenxa yokuthi, ngokusho nokwenza kwamazwe omhlaba, ukwabiwa ingxenye isimo njengoba i entity kwezomnotho ezimele kungenzeka. Kodwa engena elinye izwe - cha. Ngakho ngesikhathi esifanele sifika Abkhazia futhi Ossetia Transnistria kanye Kosovo efanayo. Crimeans okubekwe ngayo ngokucacile ukuze ujoyine WaseRussia.

Umlando eCrimea

Enhlonhlweni baba Russia ekhulwini XVIII, lapho isimo iwukuba balwele amalungelo abo e Sea futhi ngokuhamba eziningi impi lwaqinisa amalungelo abo kule ndawo.

Isinqumo Umbusikazi uCatherine II eCrimea njengengxenye eRussia akhiwa ezinye "abadlali": amaTatar nge isingaba namalungelo afanayo nabanye abantu (inkululeko engokwenkolo, ulimi, isiko, njll). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo awushintshanga futhi idivayisi. Kodwa ngemva ekumeleleni Sevastopol phakathi neMpi YaseCrimea, okuyinto wehla emlandweni njengoba ukuzivikela lokuqala, izakhamuzi kanye abavikeli omuzi aqala ukwakheka ukushisekela ubuzwe Russian.

Nokho, ukuba khona oLwandle Olumnyama liphuthuma kakhulu uvinjelwe uthi European, owalwela amalungelo abo iNhlonhlo Yamazwe AseBalkan futhi e-Asia. Ngo neMpi YaseCrimea ngo-1853-56. Russia wahlulwa futhi phakathi neminyaka engu-20 ezayo bexoshwa nhlonhlo, yokuqeda Sea Fleet. Kodwa, ngisho kanjalo, eyayisanda kumiswa idolobha eCrimea njengengxenye Russia wahlala. Sevastopol nezinye nemizana babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli indawo Russian ku YaseCrimea khan.

Autonomous Republic of eCrimea

ESoviet Union, le nhlonhlo usezuze isimo esisha Autonomous Republic of eCrimea. ERussia kusukela isimo lingabacindezeli yaguqulwa umfelandawonye lapho abameleli isizwe ngasinye babelwela ukubiza uqobo i-republic. Kodwa akubona bonke ezindaweni wathola isimo esinjalo. izizwe Iningi ezincane nobuzwe ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi ingxenye RSFSR.

ECrimea njengengxenye Russia ekuqaleni ngokuthi Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic. Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ngaphakathi RSFSR ngo-February 1921. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwamiswa futhi ayengaphansi kweSoviet, akuyona ingxenye yeRussia.

Yiqiniso, emva kwempi, inani labantu liphindeke wazibonela ezingaphezu kweyodwa ukushaqeka: ukuntuleka kwamanzi ahlanzekile, isitshalo ukwehluleka 1920, ephelezelwa insalela (e-mlando nasemlandweni wanamuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Holodomor), ukwenqaba imibono YaseCrimea AmaTatar kwamaBolshevik, njll

Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, inani labantu YaseCrimea wathwala umsebenzi. A ukuzivikela wesibili ka Sevastopol kwaba olubuhlungu lokuqala, kodwa ukuvikela enhlonhlweni futhi kuhlulekile.

Ukudingiswa YaseCrimea AmaTatar

Kuyo yonke le minyaka 1942-1944 eCrimea kwakuhlezi amaNazi, ngubani, usebenzisa indlela Kumiswa, ukusungula uphiko eziqhelelene ingajezisa kusukela bendawo, ikakhulukazi AmaTatar. Ukusebenzisa inkulumo-ze emelene ngempela namaSoviet, amaNazi ekhankasela "malcontents futhi abaphikisi bombuso" ukuba zijoyine we ukuzivikela okuphambili kanye nempi yokulwa amaqembu alezi zishoshovu.

Kuyinto la maqembu ukuzivikela "wabasiza" isinqumo kokuxoshwa kwezithunywa i abantu lonke ensimini ka enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea. Russia likhulu, futhi uhulumeni wamaSoviet yanquma ukuwathutha amaTartar zingena ngokukhululekile kuleli zwe. Umlando wanamuhla elikubiza ngokuthi "isijeziso ukuvukela umbuso," kodwa kukhona inguqulo owawuthi amaJalimane ngesikhathi ukubaleka e ezifundeni ezinabantu kwesokunxele yonke inethiwekhi ejenti. Ukugxambukela amacebo amaNazi, futhi ikhetha xosha AmaTatar owawuvela eCrimea, Finns, kanye nabasePoland nase-amaJalimane ezivela ezindaweni umngcele, njll

I post-yimpi isiphetho Crimean

Imephu eCrimea njengengxenye Russia ukushintshwa ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili: ukuzimela lashabalala (lapho endaweni), iningi nemizana aqanjwa igama, kanye labantu base-Ukraine futhi Russian agcwaliswa kusukela naphakathi kwabakhileyo emizaneni wabhubhisa bese ishiswa. Ngokwezibalo, ngo-1946 kube unyaka wesishiyagalolunye kwakukhona abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-600 eCrimea. Ngaphambi kwempi, lesi sibalo eduze 1.1 million. Khuluma mayelana nokubunjwa yobuhlanga sabantu akudingeki. Uma ngaphambi kwempi, Ukraine futhi Russian zaba cishe 70% izakhamuzi yale nhlonhlo, futhi esikhathini lwangemva kwempi, lesi sibalo eduze 90%.

Republic of eCrimea njengengxenye Russia wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-1954, unyaka. Yingaleso sikhathi begubha 300th we kokuhlanganiswa Ukraine neRussia ukuzimela wayiswa kwakuwukuthi zokuphatha Ukraine SSR. Ngubani ukusho ukuthi Khrushchev wanika eCrimea.

Sevastopol - base wamabutho asolwandle

Kepha Sevastopol, ngo-1948 wathola isimo idolobha avaliwe lempi kwakuwukuthi republic. Futhi kuze kube ngo-1961, wahlala ngakho. Nokho, esishintshile imfundiso lempi akazange abheke ukubaluleka yecebo Black Sea Fleet. City livulekile, isimo enkanjini nge shot sakhe. Ngemva Ukwamukelwa koMthethosisekelo kushintshiwe Ukraine SSR ngo-1978 wabuyela Sevastopol 'esikhethekile ": kwakuwukuthi yayo republic ebhaliwe isihloko ehlukile.

Kodwa into ebaluleke kunazo zonke, akukhona ke. Okubaluleke kakhulu abantu abafundile futhi benamandla umoya lokushisekela ubuzwe Russian. Phela, lokhu muzi wahlangabezana ube nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi of the Black Sea Fleet, kwaba inqaba amatilosi Russian futhi akazange aguquke kulokho "ubuzwe" yayo nge ushintsho kwamandla eCrimea nhlonhlo. Njengoba ingxenye yeRussia 2014. Sevastopol kwendawo eyahlukanisiweyo kunikezwa futhi, emzini ukubaluleka federal, isihloko Russian Federation.

Zimba imibhalo futhi sitadishe ngokucophelela, ezinye izazi-mlando kanye nososayensi yezombusazwe sebefike esiphethweni sokuthi, ngokomthetho, Sevastopol futhi akazange aphume kusukela engaphansi yeRussia. Iqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi "ukudlulisa" imizi Ukraine eCrimea lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo abangaphansi hhayi YaseCrimea Autonomous Republic, kanye Russian Federation (esenziwa isimo olukhethekile enkanjini).

Ukuwa kweSoviet Union kanye nokubuya ukuzimela YaseCrimea

Esikhathini 90 zokuqala, lapho emhlanganweni Belarus, kwanqunywa ukuba igoqe zase-USSR, umbuzo ethile indawo yale nhlonhlo wavuswa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Impumelelo enkulu ukuba livotele eCrimea ngo-1990, okwaphumela ukuzimela kwabuyiselwa. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, uMkhandlu Ephakeme yendawo yokutholwa umthetho-sisekelo walo futhi uqambe kabusha YaseCrimea Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic ukuba Republic of eCrimea. Nokho, Ukraine Ephakeme oPhethe egameni alizange livunyelwe.

Iphalamende Russian uye wasiphakamisela ngokuphindaphindiwe umbuzo ukuba semthethweni kohlelo ukudluliswa eCrimea Ukraine futhi isidingo ukuyibuyisa ku WaseRussia. Nokho, ngo-1990, izivumelwano kwasayinwa ku ukungabi khona izimangalo indawo phakathi kwamazwe CIS.

Ukrainian inhlekelele yezombangazwe ngo-2014

Njengoba lwaqalwa ngo-2013, sevukelombuso ethandwa e-Ukraine ziye okubangelwa ukumiswa ukuphathwa uMongameli Yanukovych ukuhlanganiswa wezwe European. Unokuthula imibhikisho sabantu lwanda izenzo asebenzayo nolaka ukulwa nombuso wangaleso sikhathi.

Zonke izenzakalo ezalandela zenzeka ngokoqobo ngesivinini sombani: emva ukususwa uMongameli Yanukovych Ephakeme oPhethe YaseCrimea Autonomous Republic iye ayibonwa ushintsho kwamandla e Kiev, amabutho pro-Russian YaseCrimea lwaqina futhi ngokusekelwa Russia bakwazi ukuba livotele ku ukubuya enhlonhlweni ye Russian Federation.

inhlolovo

Ukuyibeka kalula, kumagama umbuzo yedwa sithunyelwa ukuze ingxoxo yomphakathi, kwaba: "Uyambona eCrimea njengengxenye Russia?"

izinqumo ngokuphamazela kanye ngokuphindaphindiwe lihlehliselwe usuku refenduma nabizelwa izenzo asebenzayo iziphathimandla ezintsha Kiev. Ekuqaleni ihlelelwe ukuqala Meyi, inhlolovo "Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-Russia" wawubanjwe ngoMashi 16. Ngokusho imiphumela yayo Supreme Council eCrimea lathatha isinqumo ku ngokuzijamela lelitimele - Republic of eCrimea.

Inqubo ngokujoyina enhlonhlweni

Njengoba imemezele ukuzimela kwayo, uhulumeni YaseCrimea ucele Russian Federation isiphakamiso ukuthi Republic of eCrimea emzini Sevastopol ku Samalungelo Federation. isinqumo laseMoscow esingeside ukufika. Ikakhulukazi ukuthi ukushumayela sovereignty of lula uhlala lomthetho ukubusa ngo amasimu Russian Federation. Iqiniso lokuthi, ngokomthetho isiRashiya, uhulumeni angase acabangele iziphakamiso ekuhlaleni Russian Federation kuphela amayunithi ezimele zokuphatha.

Khuluma lokho, futhi uMongameli eRussia kanye State Duma kanye Federation Council of Russia "engacabangile" wathatha eCrimea isiphakamiso akudingekile. Republic of eCrimea emzini Sevastopol: Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje yonke imicikilisho, kanye Russian Federation bajoyine abadlali ababili sezaphumelela.

Yiqiniso, le nqubo ukuhlanganiswa liyinkimbinkimbi futhi eside, ikakhulukazi endabeni "esingesihle" indawo. Kodwa isimo futhi isifiso sabantu eCrimea bushelelezi zonke izimo futhi bangene ezinkathazweni kuphakama.