Encephalitis Japanese: izimpawu, inkampani, lokugoma

encephalitis Japanese - isifo esithathelanayo elithinta abantu nje kuphela kodwa futhi izilwane. Igciwane ikakhulu kuthinta ingqondo. nokuqubuka sendawo zenzeka kusukela ngo-August no-September, futhi kuthathe izinsuku akukho ngaphezu kuka-50 ngonyaka. Ukuvela imvula enkulu ku isizinda kushisa - kungcono imvelo inenzuzo isifo Vector yokuzalela - omiyane.

Umlando omncane

Ngisho ngo-1871, odokotela Japanese wachaza isifo nge umphumela ebulalayo e-60% amacala. Kakade ngo-1933 Haiashi ukuhlukanisa kwegciwane ukunquma ngokuthe ngqo ukuthi lesi sifo ngocansi. Ensimini ka-Russia, ukuzwa kukhulunywa ngezintaba lokuqala Japanese encephalitis igciwane wabonakala ngo-1938, lesi sifo latholakala eseningizimu Primorye.

Igciwane lethiwa ngenxa ukugqashuka kwesifo eJapane. Phakathi nalezo zikhathi ezishaqisayo, okungukuthi ngo-1924, leli gciwane abathintekayo abantu abangaphezu kuka 7000 abangu, 80% of the ziguli safa.

Ezweni lethu, lesi sifo ubizwa nangokuthi B encephalitis, umiyane noma ehlobo-ekwindla encephalitis.

Etiology eziphilayo encephalitis Japanese

I-ejenti causative lesi sifo iyona igciwane bohlobo Flavivirus, womndeni Togaviridae. Virus ubulawa lapho ukufuthelana lokushisa 56 degrees lesingemaminithi lange-30 kuphela. Uma-ke ubilise, afe ke emva kwemizuzu 2. Uma igciwane womile futhi simisiwe, ngeke ulahlekelwe futhi ingagcinwa cishe kuze kube phakade. Ekamelweni lokushisa, igciwane ongaba ikhono siphile cishe 45 izinsuku nasesikhathini yobisi naphakathi ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingama-30.

zithwala kungenzeka

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, esiphathiswa eziyinhloko Waterfowl. Ezinye igciwane igundane futhi ahlukanisa.

Epulazini bomdabu encephalitis Japanese angasebenza izingulube amahhashi. Izingulube zinalesi sifo ngaphandle izimpawu, futhi inkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni kungakadluli amalanga 5. Kakhulu akuvamile iziguli izingulube kungaba izisu nokuguqulwa.

Umuntu onegciwane kuyingozi kwabanye. Emzimbeni womuntu igciwane lingena ngamathe omiyane elinegciwane. Kubantu, inkathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni zokhahlamba kusuka izinsuku 4 kuya 21. Ukuthola ukutheleleka kwenzeka izicubu sezinzwa izingxenye ezihlukile zobuchopho. izilonda Umhlinzi zingenzeka igobolondo kanye nobuchopho izicubu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zokugula kakhulu ngokuvamile asymptomatic. Abantu abaningi abangakaze wahlushwa encephalitis, kukhona amasosha omzimba ohlelweni igazi. Njengoba bekhula, njalo amasosha omzimba womuntu yodwa qinisa.

Lapho igciwane ezivamile?

Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho encephalitis Japanese akuyona ejwayelekile kakhulu ezweni lethu. Igciwane itholakala eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, futhi engxenyeni esenyakatho-Australia, India, Pakistan, Thailand, Japan kanye Indonesia. Uhlu amazwe "eyingozi" kuhlanganisa mayelana 24 uthi. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi usongo ukuqala elinabantu abangaba libe no 3 billion sabantu abakule planethi. Ezweni lethu omiyane ebangela izifo uyayibonisa yini atholakala nasemizaneni zilahlwe emaphethelweni emizaneni nasemadolobheni, ezindaweni lapho ngokuvamile lina kanye nomswakama eliphezulu.

pathogenesis

Uhlamvu for Japanese encephalitis incike esimweni jikelele impilo. Abantu enempilo kukhona, ingozi kancane isifo. Ngokuvamile, igciwane wabulala kakade isayithi umjovo.

Uma zonke igciwane efanayo "imiswe okwesikhashana" emzimbeni, ukukhula kwawo kuxhomeke kakhulu kwezinga lokushisa komzimba: uma ukhuphuka ke igciwane "Ukufutheka" futhi ethuthuka ngokushesha. I lokushisa lomzimba anda kunomthelela Yiqiniso kakhulu lesi sifo. Uma igciwane yokunqoba isithiyo esibangwa gazi ebuchosheni, it is ithunyelwa parenchyma ingqondo. Lapha kulapho Igciwane liyaqala ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kabusha ungaqala e isimiso sezinzwa.

encephalitis Japanese: Izimpawu

Kubantu, isifo Kwenzeka ngezigaba ezintathu:

1. Qala. Isikhathi ubude mayelana 3 izinsuku. Elinesimo nokuguqulwa lokushisa kuphakame 40 ° C, elikwaziyo ukubamba kulelizinga cishe izinsuku ezingu-10. Man exinwe ikhanda, Ukugodola, ubuhlungu yomgogodla lumbar, izindawo emathunjini yezingalo nemilenze. Ezinye iziguli ukuzwa isicanucanu, ukufinyelela ukuba ahlanze. Kwangathi ukwandisa ingcindezi futhi ophilisayo ishayela ukuba 140 amabhithi.

2. Isikhathi oyingozi. On the 3rd noma usuku 4th iza exacerbation zokugula, izimpawu zingavela isimo isici meningitis ecindezelekile isiguli, ngisho ikhoma. Iziguli eziningi baphazamisekile engqondweni, ukuhhema, okuyize.

Imisipha ithoni luyanda, kanti isiguli kungaba sesimweni lisalele ohlangothini noma ngemuva. Nemilenze ngesikhathi esifanayo zisesimweni insaliwe. Imisipha zibe zenzeka entanyeni imisipha ukuhlafuna. ububomvu olungenzeka emsipheni optic, kuze ukuvuvukala. Ezinye iziguli pneumonia noma ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula.

3. Inkathi ukululama. encephalitis Japanese e lesi sinyathelo kungase ukuthuthukela amasonto 7. lokushisa umzimba ngokuvamile uhlaliseke njalo siphinde sibe nokuphila okuvamile. Kungase kube nemiphumela bokungasetshenziswa ukulimala kobuchopho, ukuba buthakathaka kwezicubu, ukulahlekelwa ukubambisana, bedsores.

Kuneziguli abaphethwe isifo ifomu omnene, ngaphandle izimpawu zokungasebenzi kahle kwemizwa.

isifo esinzima kakhulu kungaba yingozi.

Ikakhulukazi lwezifo futhi Izibikezelo

Activators ka encephalitis Japanese zivame kakhulu ezitholakala ezindaweni slaboobzhityh eduze emadanyini emaxhaphozini. Emazweni ashisayo, izifo kuhlale isikhathi esingaphezulu kwezinsuku 50. Iqembu ingozi kuhlanganisa abantu abasebenza ngaphandle noma eduze kwamanzi. Ngokuvamile uhlushwa Japanese encephalitis amadoda kusukela eminyakeni engu-20 kuya kwengu-40.

Engozini futhi zezivakashi ukuya eholidini ezweni nge kushisa bhé, lapho kukhona umswakama high futhi yezimvula. Lona Philippines, Thailand, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho isimo, India, Indonesia nakwamanye amazwe. Abavakashi ngakhoke kakhulu Kunconywa zigonywe ngaphambi kokuhamba emazweni ashisayo.

Isibikezelo ukutakula lincane kakhulu, ematfuba yokufa kuyinto 80%. Njengomthetho, kuyingozi kuqala izinsuku ezingu-7, isiguli angase awele equlekile, noma nokuquleka yokuhlushwa okungapheli.

Abantu abaye badlula wonke izigaba zesifo, ngokuvamile kube nemiphumela asalile:

• kwengqondo;
• hyperkinesis;
• ehle ikhono bokusungula;
• ukukhubazeka;
• isimo asthenic.

izinyathelo zokuxilonga

Sitholakele isifo - iqoqo ucwaningo lwezempilo futhi laboratory. Lapho ekhetha indlela odokotela kuthambekele ngokuyinhloko isimo lesiguli. Sifo kuhlanganisa:

1. Ukuhlolwa. In ngesonto lokuqala emva kokutheleleka ukucacisa zokugula kungaba ngumuntu ukuhlolwa igazi. Ngokuhamba emavikini amabili alandelayo, ungakwazi ukuxilonga izifo esekelwe ngemiphumela yocwaningo ka cerebrospinal fluid.

2. Serology. Sifo ngokuphumelelayo kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa enzyme immunoassay, noma RN, RNGA-, RTGA- futhi DGC ukuhlolwa.

Imithi

Ukwelashwa ekubulaleni iziguli ezigulela "abahlangane naye" vector of encephalitis Japanese azinakugcinwa ngudokotela oyedwa kuphela. Therapy kuhlanganisiwe izifo ezithathelwanayo, Neurology futhi resuscitators. Ngaphansi kwezimo umile isiguli zaphathwa immunoglobulin ethize noma umutsi, mayelana izikhathi 3 ngosuku isonto elilodwa ukwelashwa. Njengoba sihambisana nale ekubeni yokwelapha lingaze futhi pathogenetic. Lemisebenti ahloselwe nokuvinjelwa edema palsy, ngokukhishwa kobuthi egazini, ukuzinza yazo zonke kwezitho izinhlelo.

Inkinga eyinhloko ukuthi ikhambi akunakwenzeka encephalitis Japanese. Ukwelashwa Ungasusa kuphela izimpawu. Ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba zigonywe ngendlela okufika ngesikhathi.

Ukuvimbela isifo

Ukuvimbela kubhubhane kubaluleke kakhulu lomgomo asebenzayo sabantu. Ukugonywa ngokumelene encephalitis Japanese banegama "formolvaktsina". Passive eziphuthumayo prophylaxis kusho nokuphathwa 6 ml kanye 10 ml immunoglobulin hyperimmune serum Equine.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvimbela izifo - kuba uchungechunge izinyathelo oluphelele ukuvikela ekuhlaselweni omiyane. I epidemiological ezindaweni eziyingozi kungenziwa ukusetshenziswa izingubo ezivikelayo Kunconywa. ukusetshenziswa okugunyaziwe nemithi yokuxosha yokugcoba kuya izifutho, ukusetshenziswa zonke izinyathelo ukuze omiyane egumbini lokuphumula.

Thola zigonyelwe encephalitis Japanese eMoscow kungahle izikhungo zokwelapha kamasipala kanye yangasese.

Ngokuvamile, umuntu zigonywe, "ababulewe?" wokugoma, ngakho kube nezinkinga ngemuva ngokugoma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kutuswa ukuba kudokotela uma kwakukhona komzimba. Mhlawumbe ukubukeka ububomvu nokuvuvukala kusayithi umjovo. Kwangathi avele ikhanda, uhudo, ubuhlungu bemisipha. Ezinye iziguli esekhala isiyezi kanye nesicanucanu, Ukugodola, futhi ukuqubuka.

Ukugoma akuyona kwenziwe khona eziningi izifo ezithathelwanayo esikhathini sokukhulelwa kanye lactation, uba kusaziwa ukuthi hypersensitivity lesiguli amaprotheni heterologous, ukusabela kabi komzimba iguliswa ezaziwayo.

Namuhla, kunamabandla 4 izinhlobo eziyisisekelo yokugoma ngokumelene encephalitis Japanese:

• inactivated;
• esekelwe amaseli igundane ubuchopho;
• inactivated esekelwe Vero amaseli;
• isakhi sokuzakhela bukhoma futhi siphile yokugoma attenuated.

Umgomo ethandwa kakhulu SA14-14-2 lidlule UBANI ukuphinda uqeqesho kanye eChina.

Izivakashi, lokugoma Kwenziwa, kuye kuliphi izwe bayahamba ukuya, lapho bayohlala kuwo, ku emaphethelweni edolobha noma kulowo muzi, isikhathi esingakanani, 1 ngesonto, ngenyanga noma ngonyaka.

Ukugonywa kungakuvimbela kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa izikimu ezimbili:

Izakhamizi abanale itoho epulazini, kumele baqinisekise yokugoma izilwane, lapho etshalwa. Izingulube zivame kakhulu ezisetshenziswa "bukhoma" wokugoma. Ezindaweni labizwa ngokuthi ezindaweni eziyingozi, kungcono lokufeza ukwelashwa njalo nge zinambuzane.