Enkanjini "Kamran", Vietnam

Phakathi YaseVietnam, base "Kamran" itholakala eningizimu yezwe futhi wakhonza njengephayona ezingemuva ezinkulu zase-US amabutho asolwandle. onjiniyela American wakha sezindiza elula kanye ne-port entsha ngoba ukuthunyelwa yempi. I airfield ngekhaya kumila 12 Tactical Fighter Wing kanye 483rd US Air Force ezokuthutha Tactical iphiko. Ngokuphambene abanye ochwepheshe ezempi, ekuhlaseleni B-52 akakaze ixazululwe.

Ngo-1972, e-US lidlule base "Kamran" e ukusetshenziswa ibutho Vietnamese. Okwesithathu Apreli 1975 edolobheni kwakuhlezi amabutho North Vietnamese. Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi Spring okuhlambalazayo.

Umlando we-Russian enkanjini ku "Cam Ranh"

Kusukela 60s maphakathi of leminyaka elidlule, Navy lamaSoviet laqala ukuhlola izilwandle ukwenza inkonzo yezempi lapho. Imikhumbi kanye ngwenya, izindiza Soviet Air Force wahlala nobukhulu olwandle ukuze silondoloze ukuphepha esifundeni.

Ukwandisa inani imikhumbi kaseyili olwandle, futhi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi izindiza ukusetshenziswa abezempi kwakudingeka nokusekela ngendlela okumele iandelwe. Ngenxa yokuntula lezisekelo phesheya, Main Abasebenzi Navy umkhankaso ukusebenza lapho izinto ezintsha ekhaya imikhumbi kweSoviet futhi izindiza endaweni friendly amazwe eSoviet Union aye atholakala.

Yini eyabangela lo isithakazelo "Cam Ranh?"

Base "Kamran", elalikade esetshenziswa-United States, isibe ezikhangayo amabutho aseSoviet Union, kube sendaweni ekahle futhi kube lula indawo imikhumbi nezindiza.

I elula indawo endaweni kwenza kwaba lula ukulawula Straits Malay futhi Singapore, wenza umsebenzi emkhakheni umsakazo kwesimo endaweni, isiqondiso nokuthola Gulf kanye enyakatho ye-Indian Ocean, South China Sea, Philippine Sea naseMpumalanga China Sea.

Iphinde ibekwe lizwe ASEAN Bloc, owawungumnyaka esivela ijubane yashesha yentuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe. Babefanele inothile uwoyela sogu lolwandle, futhi omningi kwempahla imikhiqizo ezintsha kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa for izikhali.

Kanjani ukubonisa luhlobo lempi "Kamran" sithombe? Base Binba ethekwini lapho khona, eqinisweni, kuhlelwe ngaphakathi nhlonhlo. Ukujula Usayizi bay enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba basekele amakilasi ahlukene lwemikhumbi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlonhlo Cam Ranh inebuhle enkulu uhlamvu zemvelo, udlala indima ebalulekile ukubekwa base. Lapho, kukhona omningi amanzi ahlanzekile, okuyinto efanelekayo ukusetshenziswa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, asele kule ndawo yokugibela imikhumbi, imigwaqo, futhi izakhiwo esakhiwe baseMelika, kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Ukusayinwa isivumelwano sokuqasha

Ekupheleni kuka-1978, i-Vietnam wavakashelwa ithimba abameleli ukuphuma ngaphansi kweSoviet Union. Kwakuwusuku umyalo obuphakeme Pacific imikhumbi ukuphathwa Navy sika. I wamashumi amathathu Disemba bebeye bavumelana ngokumelwe amaphuzu ayinhloko yesivumelwano, bese ngemvume uphrothokholi, elaba isisekelo izingxoxo ukudalwa E & P kanye nokwabelana yayo nge-Vietnam.

Eyesibili ngo-May 1979 sasayinwa isivumelwano zamazwe amabili esisayinwe abaholi kweSoviet Union nase-Vietnam. Incwadi yesivumelwano Kulindeleke kokuwukhokhela ngesisekelo engu-25.

Bangaki imikhumbi asolwandle angase ngokusekelwe?

Ngokuhambisana sivumelwano, kwi-Vietnamese enkanjini "Kamran" kwadingeka ngakwesokudla ukuze uhlale: Ten imikhumbi Soviet ngomkhumbi freeboard, ngwenya eziyisishiyagalombili base elintantayo, nezitsha eziyisithupha asolwandle nezinye izinjongo.

Esikhumulweni sezindiza ukuthi ivunyelwe ukuba amiswe eyishumi nesithupha izindiza, missile zenethiwekhi, eziyisishiyagalolunye kwesimo endaweni izindiza nezitsha ezintathu air zokuthutha.

Kuye isimo wezempi nezombusazwe ngesisekelo isivumelwano phakathi eMnyango Wezokuvikela wase-USSR futhi Vietnam INR, ukuthi ivunyelwe ukwandisa isibalo imikhumbi nezindiza.

Qala yentuthuko zensimu

izithombe Naval BASE "Kamran 'ethulwa ngezansi, waqala ukuhlola ngoMeyi 1979. Lo uqale waya yempi Soviet. Ngawo lowo nyaka ehlobo echwebeni Vietnamese eboshelwe ngwenya yenuzi K-45. Ngokushesha on the base, "Kamran" Aerodrome ixazululwe izindiza zasePacific Fleet.

Ebusika 1979 ku onjalo ndaba ebalulekile njengoba base Cam Ranh, wafika e-Chief Fleet yeSoviet Union-Admiral Gorshkov. Ujwayele sikhungo wamabutho kwakuyinto isihloko ngosuku.

Ingxenye yokuqala Pacific Fleet wezempi bafike endaweni base ngo-Ephreli ngonyaka ka-1980. Lalinama abantu 54. Khona-ke leli qembu lakhuliswa futhi signalmen zabantu 24. Abasebenzi Zahlaliswa ezindaweni elidala izindlu Vietnamese namatende.

Kusukela ngo-1983 kuya ku-1991, Cam Ranh rapolagaût 17 isigaba ukusetshenziswa ukusebenza, futhi kusukela ngo-August 1991 kuya kuDisemba 1991 - 8 OPESK.

Ziyini izimpokophelo bezingelwa amabutho asolwandle zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa?

On into amasu, njengoba base-Russian e Cam Ranh Bay, nomyalo Navy futhi uhulumeni wamaSoviet wayebeke eziningi imisebenzi.

le migomo elandelayo zihlonzwe:

• nokuhlinzeka ugesi kuwo wonke izitsha ufika ethekwini laseMessina ethekwini "Kamran", kanye nokuhlinzeka indiza ukudla namanzi;
• ukuba ahlale enezinga elifanayo MTS isitokwe ka futhi ukuletha ngesikhathi izikebhe eyayidlula Skipper bokusebenza;
• baphathe backhaul imikhumbi Pacific esifundeni nase-Indian Ocean,
• sebenzisa "Kamran" isizinda sezindiza isabelo sokwaba anti-aircraft futhi kwesimo endaweni izindiza;
• kugcinwe sakhiwonchanti zabo;
• sihlakulele futhi silondoloze ubuhlobo Russian-Vietnamese nokubambisana.

Imiphi imigomo lula ukusetshenziswa isizinda?

Ukusetshenziswa waleli fa amasu, njengoba base, "Kamran" I-Navy Soviet lakwenza kwaba lula ngamaKatolika nezindaba ekhuluma eziphathelene ukuqinisekisa zigcine ezidingekayo Imikhumbi izindiza, ogama msebenzi ikhambi lezinkinga ezifana ntshashintshe yinkimbinkimbi.

"Kamran" Kwakuyimi ngedwa enkanjini ye Russia Soviet elalisemagcekeni at ibanga 2,500 zamakhilomitha ukusuka echwebeni eliseduze Soviet.

"Kamran" njengesibambiso sokuthula

Base "Kamran" kwakuwumsebenzi wokuhumusha omkhulu kunayo enkanjini e -USSR phesheya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wenza njengoba counterweight American base wamabutho asolwandle 'Subic Bay' ngazo ePhilippines. Lokhu sekwenze kwaba lula ukuba silondoloze ukuthula nokuzinza eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia.

Soviet Air Force lezisekelo

Ngokusho datha ngonyaka ka-1986, ngasesinqeni sezindiza "Kamran" has a ehlukene okuxubile zezindiza ibutho OSAP, kuhlanganise okusho lemine Tu-95, abane izindiza Tu-142 umkhumbi, mayelana amabili izindiza Tu-16, mayelana nanhlanu Moment amayunithi -25, izindiza ezimbili ezokuthutha AN-24 futhi ezintathu Mi-8 indiza. Ngaphezu sasendizeni ibutho wabelwa base anti-ngwenya futhi missile izikhali.

Ukwakhiwa ikhanda futhi yokuhlala izakhiwo eVietnam

Yini Isivumelwano esasayinwa mayelana into osendaweni ebalulekile efana base "Kamran" (Vietnam)? 1984 kwaphawula sivumelwano esisha. Isivumelwano phakathi kweSoviet Union nase-Vietnam ngemvume ku-Ephreli 20, kufaka ukwakhiwa Garrison kanye nezinye izingqalasizinda ngezithukuthuku ngezinto ezingokoqobo Vietnam ukuphuma ngaphansi kweSoviet Union.

Esikhathini kusuka ngo-1985 kuya ku-1987, ukwakhiwa inhlangano zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa "Zagrantehstroy", okuyinto rukvodil ES Bobrenev, uye wakha izinto ezahlukene 28. Ukube bekungekhona eyakhelwe nasemakhaya.

Isibalo samabutho ngaleso sikhathi kwaba abantu mayelana 6,000, ngaphandle abantu abaqashwe ukwakhiwa. Isivumelwano of 20 Apreli 1984 enikeziwe ekudluliseni ohlangothini Vietnamese ku ukusetshenziswa uncompensated.

Batch lokuqala izinto kwakhiwa ngo-December 1987, kwathi emva kwalokho banquma bathunywa ongoti Soviet ngesisekelo sokuqasha oludlulele.

Ukunciphisa khona amasosha aseSoviet ngesisekelo "Kamran"

I Amasosha amaningana aseSoviet ku base aqala ukuncipha ekupheleni 1980. Njengoba kushiwo esihlokweni we iphephandaba "Pravda" ngo-January 19, 1990, ukuncishiswa khona amasosha aseSoviet ngo-Kamrani owawusedolobheni nohlaka lezinyathelo zokunciphisa ubungako amabutho eU.SSR eMpumalanga Asia futhi umsebenzi ukuma luyingxenye ukuzivikela zasePacific.

Ekupheleni kuka-1989, lapho ziye uMathale ubuyiselwe esikhundleni sakhe kuze kube MIG-23 futhi Tu-16. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-1990, kukhona lamabutho eyodwa kuphela esekelwe Ukwakheka variable ehlanganisa izindiza eziyishumi.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-1992 no-1993, "Kamrani" wawakhiwe 119 Brigade, okubandakanya e isibalo samalungu alo imikhumbi ahlukahlukene futhi izindiza. Kusukela ekwindla ka-1993, leli qembu futhi siqediwe. Ingxenye esele okuvela kuyo le wangena ukuzithoba 922 E & P.

Esikhathini 90 zokuqala eziningi port izindawo asedluliselwe ohlangothini Vietnamese e kube phakade.

isizinda Naval "Kamran" waqhubeka kwaze 2002.

Lokho kwakuhlanganisa ingqalasizinda?

Yini ingqalasizinda kungokwenkampani amaSoviet nasemakamu Russian ochwepheshe ezempi?

Nge-yalolucwaningo 90 nokuqeda E & P e Cam Ranh (April 2002), iSoviet, bese Ochwepheshe Russian usebenzise inombolo yezinto. Naval BASE "Kamran" (Vietnam) has:

• isikaniso samabutho empi, okubandakanya ekomkhulu emabhalekisini izisebenzi;
• ekamelweni lokudlela abantu abangu-250;
• yokubhaka;
• okugeza nelondolo isitshalo;
• isakhiwo club;
• high school;
• nesishiyagalombili izindlu injongo zokuhlala;
• ishede kwemathiriyali;
• imikhumbi kanye nemishini ekhethekile lobuchwepheshe.

pier zone yakhiwa:

• Tank ipulazi yokugcina uthambise kanye zokubasa.
• Amabili esiqandisini amathani 279 isitoreji imikhiqizo ukudla.
• Nambili isitoreji se-kwemathiriyali metal.
• Ababili kudivayisi engayitholi ehlanganisa imithombo eziyisithupha ukuphakela amanzi ikampu. Omunye wabo siqhutshwa kuphela izimpahla ngemikhumbi futhi izindiza.
• Central amandla udizili sithombo esingatshalwanga amandla kwaba 24,000 kW. Yaklanyelwa ugesi zonke izakhiwo ikhanda nezinto kule SPV "Kamrani."

Kusukela ngo-1995, enkanjini eVietnam "Kamran" isithombe sokuthi ubizwa okwethulwa kulesi sihloko afakiwe isibalo samalungu alo izigaba ezilandelayo:

• E & P ukuphathwa;
• inkonzo zezimali;
• zokuxhumana iyunithi;
• zezindiza Usigaxamabhande;
• inkonzo izingubo;
• isitoreji ukugcina uphethiloli;
• service ukudla;
• ilondolo;
• umlawuli wamabutho;
• UMnyango Marine Engineering Services;
• inkampani yangasese labaqaphi;
• gumbi yenhlanzeko;
• UMnyango umlilo;
• Amahhovisi ensimini;
• Isibhedlela Naval;
• esikoleni esiphakeme.

Bangaki abantu babehlala ikampu?

Kusukela ngo-1995 kuya 2002 ngo ikampu wahlala abantu mayelana 600-700. Lokho kwaba inani okungenani ochwepheshe, inhloso yomsebenzi okwakufanele ukuqinisekisa ukuphila okuvamile ebutho lenqaba. Bona kwenziwe main E & P izinjongo zamasu.

Ingozi ehlasimulisayo ngesisekelo "Kamran"

"Kamran" (base wamabutho asolwandle) yaba indawo nhlekelele ngo-1995. Disemba yeshumi nambili ngesikhathi kokufika ngasesinqeni sezindiza iphahlazeka ezintathu Su-27 fighter okuqondene isigaba "Russian Knights". Babuyela ekhaya nge umbukiso emoyeni, owawusedolobheni Malaysia.

Ubudlelwano phakathi Russia nase-Vietnam eminyakeni besisekelo

Zonke imisebenzi enjalo into ebalulekile njengesici enkanjini e Cam Ranh Bay, zenzeka ngaphansi kwesimo Ukubambisana eduze nezingcweti Vietnamese. lempi yethu wasebenza isandla amatilosi IDB ngubani besemsebenzini eseduze, enhlonhlweni.

Ngaphezu inkinga ngokubambisana ukuxazulula izinjongo zamasu lempi, liphinde itjheje yokusebenzisana emkhakheni isiko kanye nezemidlalo. Nge ngokunqoba Vietnam kumaka amaholide kazwelonke. Konke lokhu kwaba nomthelela ukudalwa wobungane.

Futhi yini okudingeka uyenze manje?

Ngo-February 2014 wezokuVikela uNgqongqoshe saseRussia uSergei Shoigu kwashiwo ukuthi iRussia uhlose ukwandisa khona alo ezempi emhlabeni. Kule ndaba, kwakunabamemezeli izingxoxo asebenzayo phezu ukuthunyelwa insiza wezempi e-Vietnam.

Shoigu kuqashelwe ukuthi le enkanjini kumelwe ifake uphethiloli Russian izindiza zempi, eyenzelwe eside hola izindiza.

Entwasahlobo ka-2014 base sezindiza "Kamran" zaqala ukusetshenziswa ukusevisa Russian Il-78, okwakwenza kube lula ukuthola i-fuel e-indiza refueling lempi missile abathwali Tu-95 MS.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akunikeze Russia umnyuziki Vietnam "Kamran"? Enkanjini kwakufanele kube elivulekile ukungena yempi Russian. Lolu daba ngesikhathi kuhambele uNobhala Jikelele we-Communist Party. Kwavunyelwana ukuthi olusemthethweni sivumelwano Vietnam izonikwa esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.

Ngokusho Ministry Russian Wezokuvikela, imikhumbi yethu nezitsha ukukhonza elwandle eliKhulu iPacific kufanele wazise kuphela iziphathimandla Vietnamese ngokungena kwabo kumbobo lempi Cam Ranh. Kwaba isenzakalo esikhulu kangaka, njengoba Vietnam isibe isimo yesibili ngemva Syria, okuyinto eye wavumela ukuqalisa imikhumbi lempi Navy Russian endaweni yayo. Ochwepheshe abaningi lempi waveza ukuthi indima ebalulekile ukudlalwa kanye neqiniso lokuthi Vietnam Sekuyisikhathi eside kubhekwe ukuba umlingani waseRussia emkhakheni samasosha lobuchwepheshe.

Eminyakeni yamuva, izivumelwano eziningi abangu esayinwe inani $ 4.5 billion. Ngo-2014, i-Russia zithunyelwa Vietnam eziyisithupha udizili ngwenya ekilasini 06.361 "Warszawianka", ifakwe missile eziyinkimbinkimbi Club-S. mobile eziyinkimbinkimbi ugu "Bastion" wavuswa, kanye GIS "Horizon" Isistimu PBRK. Vietnam iyalele izikebhe lempi uthayipha "Umbani", frigates patrol uya khona 11661 "Gepard-39", kanye zempi Su-30 MK2.

Futhi ngeke kusasa?

Lisazoba anikezwe ngokusemthethweni isizinda Russian "Kamran"? Vietnam kule akhawunti ine isikhundla edidayo. Kwezinyanga ezimbalwa nje edlule, isimo bekulokhu ukubuya amabutho Russian base, inqobo nje uma ngokubambisana ngeke abe usongo lempi emazweni wesithathu.

ubudlelwane emazweni amabili 'kufanele kube kuphela elinokuthula. Kanti lesi sikhundla esashiwo 17 Meyi, Ambassador of Vietnam ezweni lethu, Nguyen Than Shon. Waphawula ukuthi inqubomgomo Vietnamese kusekelwe yokuthi akukho imifelandawonye sokulwa kunoma isiphi isimo, njengoba kuqhathaniswa kwenye.

I ohlakaniphile kuqashelwe ukuthi, kulo mongo, ukuhlinzekwa port Kamrani kuphambili ezinhlelweni zikaHulumeni. Injongo nokubambisana phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili kuyoba ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsizakalo zasolwandle ukuze kulungiswe imikhumbi kanye nokuthuthukiswa nezempi ukuze kulondolozwe ukuthula nokuzinza endaweni yePacific.

Nguyen Thanh Sean kwashiwo ukuthi Hanoi izimisele ukuqhubeka ngokubambisana neNhlangano Russia emkhakheni wezokuvikela. Futhi kwakuthiwa Vietnam njalo waqonda Russia njengoba umlingani enobungane.

Ministry Defense libike ukuthi izisekelo Russian lempi abemi eCuba futhi eVietnam. Amagama eqondile ukubekwa ezingazange ecacisiwe. Kwaphawulwa ukuthi okuxoxiswene kulesi siqondiso.

Dmitry Peskov wachaza ukuthi kungenzeka besekela kula mazwe, izintshisekelo kazwelonke wezwe lakithi. Peskov futhi wathi isimo enkundleni ngamazwe isibe esishubile kakhulu kule minyaka emibili edlule, futhi kwentelwa kutsi letichibiyelo abalulekile Kwenziwa inqubomgomo nokuvikeleka eRussia.

Bese i ushintsho olungalindelekile ekuphileni kwethu. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa edlule kwakungekho ulwazi mayelana nakwenzeka ekutholeni Russia esakhiweni ezifana base "Kamran". Vietnam wenza isaziso esisemthethweni. Lokhu kwamenyezelwa emhlanganweni sabezindaba e Hanoi, kusho uNgqongqoshe wezangaPhandle u Vietnam Le Hai Binh. Ngokusho kwakhe, Vietnam enqaba ukuvuma ukuthi insimu yalo lezisekelo lempi kwamanye amazwe, kuhlanganise naseRussia.