I Vietnam War

Nempi yaseVietnam ingenye izingxabano zempi ngobukhulu ezenzeka engxenyeni kwekhulu lama-20 yesibili. Esikhathini isiko United States kanye ne-Vietnam washiya i isinyathelo futhi wathatha emlandweni wamuva lala mazwe indawo enkulu.

Kwagqashuka impi sesihlasela ingxenye eseningizimu ye-Vietnam njengoba ongekho empini. Wabe bagqekeza wakhe neNyakatho yeVietnam, ngokusekelwa China ne-USSR, USA nakwamanye amazwe amaningana. Ngakho, ngakolunye uhlangothi kwakukhona ababethanda i-kokuhlanganiswa we izingxenye ezimbili Vietnam ukudala isimo indivisible, futhi ngakolunye - ukuze alondoloze ukuzimela engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli zwe.

Ngokushesha nje lapho izenzakalo zaziqala ukwenzeka, impi zithandelana parallel Wahamba zombango eCambodia bese Laos. Zonke lokulwa esenzeka eminyakeni 1950-1975 eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia, babe igama Okwesibili Indochina neMpi.

Izimbangela empini eVietnam ayelula ngokwanele. I lamaKhomanisi umbuso weNorth Vietnam asekelwe yiSoviet Union. US wesaba ukuthi eminye basakaze ithonya eSoviet Union, futhi noma iyiphi elisekela ezempi iseduze-United States ngo-turn.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwase kukhona izizathu geopolitical. Ukuba khona base wamabutho asolwandle eVietnam ezovunyelwa ukuqapha indlela yasolwandle eJapane futhi China kuyi-Indian Ocean, kanye nemizila emikhulu ulwandle Europe-Far East.

Control (wezempi, ezezimali nomnotho, noma ngisho zezombusazwe) kuzo zonke Vietnam ezongenza ithonya engaguquki ku emazweni angomakhelwane - kweLaos Cambodia, futhi ngabo - eMalaysia, Thailand, eBurma (isiMyanmar), kanye ukuqinisekisa eziningi amakhono angeziwe uma kwenzeka ezingqubuzana China.

YaseVietnam phakathi kubantu bakuleli ngokuthi Melika, noma Liberation. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kube yombango, ngesikhathi abeenqwelo iqembu lezombusazwe kuqhathaniswa izwe ngokwalo komunye nomunye, ngakho lapho kwakukhona ababethanda nabahlala waseMelika ashaqe amandla nasengxenyeni eseningizimu.

Ngo-1955, lapho i-Vietnam kwaba akhululwa iziphathimandla isiFulentshi, futhi alibange lisaba ikoloni, ke bahlukana baba izigaba ezimbili. Umbuso wasenyakatho yeSoviet Union asekelwe, njengoba yayingaphansi kokulawula LamaKhomanisi, futhi ye-United States empeleni elawulwa. Ngokwe- Geneva Isivumelwano izwe ukuba kuhlanganiswe, okusho ukuthi ukuziphatha ngokwengeziwe ngokhetho likamengameli yini.

Le isixazululo inqatshelwe umongameli eseningizimu - Ngo Din Zemom. Njengoba impendulo kwalandelwa inhlangano ye-National Liberation Front yaseNingizimu Vietnam omunye wabaholi yezwe sika Communist Party. Ngakho, Ngo Din Zem kuvikelwe ukusekelwa kwe-United States, lapho wathumela amasosha e-60s ekuqaleni ensimini South Vietnam.

Kukulo muzi lapho wadlula YaseVietnam kuze Agasti 1964 bese wahudulwa lapha kanye enyakatho yezwe. Konke lokhu isibe okwathatha isikhathi eside kangako. Uhlangothi American lingamandla kobuchwepheshe besimanje, kodwa ngenxa Vietnamese, sale mpi eyathatha isikhathi ukuthi yokulawula zenkululeko nokuzibusa ka ezweni lakubo. Yilokhu wabanika ithemba, isibindi kanye intando amashushu uwine.

Kwakungenxa nje ngo-1973: 27 Januwari amaqembu yasayina isivumelwano ukuthula eParis, utjho sekubekwe emikhawulweni yonke yakwa-Vietnam. Nakuba ngokugcwele Vietnam War yaphela eqinisweni ngo-1975, lapho amasosha aseNingizimu Vietnamese ngo-Ephreli 30 badlula idolobha Saigon.

Kuphela 1976 kwaba ukwamukelwa sisekelo isimo esisha, manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh abe ngumengameli wokuqala.

Phakathi neminyaka emzabalazweni kumelwene nombuso Vietnamese elahlekile omningi imishini, izinhlamvu kanye nabantu, kuhlanganise elinokuthula. Kodwa ukulahlekelwa US Air Force eVietnam zazinzima eningi: 2 255 izindiza nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane, kuhlanganise ayebulawe, 1737. Nokho, okusemqoka kakhulu waba ukulahlekelwa imicibisholo anti-aircraft, zilethwe ukuphuma ngaphansi kweSoviet Union.