U-Victor Savinykh, iSoviet cosmonaut: biography, umndeni, imiklomelo

U-Victor Savinykh uyi-Cosmonaut yaseSoviet, u-50 ohlwini lwabo abangakwazi ukugibela endaweni e-USSR. Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe wayenezinkampani ezintathu, ngesikhathi esisodwa lapho akwazi khona ukuvakashela indawo evulekile. Isikhathi sokuqoqa kuzo zonke izindiza zingaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-252.

Biography

UViktor Savinykh ungumdlali wezinkanyezi, owaziwa yizakhamizi eziningi zaseSoviet, ngoba izwe lonke lalibukele abantu abanjengaye, beziqhenya ngabo, balingana nabo.

I-cosmonaut yesikhathi esizayo yazalwa emzaneni omncane waseBerezkin, osesifundeni sase-Oryk esifundeni saseKirov. Usuku lwakhe lokuzalwa ngu-Mashi 7, 1940. Ukukhula kwasekuqaleni kwakuyiminyaka yempi, ngemuva kokunqoba kukaVictor Savinykh esikoleni. Waphumelela kulo, njengabanye abaningi esikoleni saseSoviet, eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala. Ngemva kokuthola imfundo yesibili, uVictor wangena e-Perm College of Railway Transport, e-diploma ayeyiqeqeshe njengendlela "yomgwaqo".

Ku-VP encane efinyelelwe. U-Savinykh akazange amise futhi ngo-1969 waphumelela esikhungweni, lapho ethole isitifiketi "unjiniyela wemishini ye-optics". Kodwa-ke, futhi lokhu kwakubonakala kuncane kakhulu, ngakho wahlala esikoleni esiphakeme esikhungweni esifanayo semfundo - i-Moscow Institute of Engineers Geodesy, izithombe ze-air and cartography. Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu, wayevikelwe ngumuntu ozobhapathizwa "I-orientation ye-spacecraft eseduze ne-Earth-orbit".

Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, ingqungquthela yodokotela yavikelwa, eyabonisa isihloko esihlobene nezinkinga zemvelo zomkhathi. Ngemuva kwalokho, wanquma ukuqala umsebenzi njengomfundi, okwakufanele athole idiploma evela ku-Diplomatic Academy ye-Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Isikhala

U-Victor Savinykh waqala umsebenzi wakhe ngo-1960, esebenza njengenduna e- Sverdlovsk Railway. Ngo-60-63 wayekhonza ezinkambeni zase-SA, emasotja.

Ku-Design Bureau, iNdlovukazi yafika ngo-1969. Uqale umsebenzi wakhe kule ndawo nge-engineer, eminyakeni engu-20 kamuva washiya esikhundleni senhloko yenkimbinkimbi.

Ngo-1975, uVictor Savinykh wathola imvume yokungena kwi-Main Medical Commission, ngenxa yalokho eminyakeni emithathu kamuva - ngoDisemba 1978 - izincomo zatholwa ukubhalisa umqashi embuthanweni. Ngemicimbi yale nqanaba, konke lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha okukhulu. U-Sam Savinykh uchaza lokhu ngokuthi wayazi kahle indiza, wayibeka kusukela ngesikhathi sokudalwa. Wafika ehhovisi lokuklama ngisho nalapho le phrojekthi yayisemaphepha kuphela, ngakho uVictor Petrovich wahamba naye cishe kusukela ngesikhathi "sokukhulelwa". Ukuqokwa kwe-cosmonaut yokuhlolwa kusayinwe ngomhla kaDisemba 8, 1978.

Kanye neqembu, elinde isiteshi "Salyut-6", lahlanganyela ekuqeqeshweni kwangaphambi kohambo kuze kube ngoMeyi 1980.

Okthoba 1978 - entwasahlobo ka-1980 - umatasa ekulungiselela ukuhamba kwezindiza ku-Soyuz T-2. Baphumelela ngempumelelo izivivinyo, kodwa cishe ngaphambi kokuqaliswa komyalezo kubonakala ukuthi umkhumbi wawuyi-double ngendiza, ngakho waxoshwa ohlelweni.

Ngokungazelelwe wathunyelwa kwenye iphrojekthi, ngakho ngo-Okthoba-Novemba 1980 wayelungiselela olunye umsebenzi. Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwayo ngempumelelo, i-cosmonaut yathola ukuthunyelwa kwe-flight engineer ye-crew yesibili, ehloselwe ukuhamba indiza ye-Soyuz T-3.

NgoDisemba 1980, ukulungiswa kokugcina kokuqala kweSalyut-6, okwaphela ngoFebhuwari 81, kwaqala. Kuhambo lwesihlanu oluyinhloko uVictor Savinykh waba yinjini ebhodini labaqashi. Nokho, emva kokuhlolwa ikhomishana inqume ukuyihambisa kanye neVov Kovalenko ibe yiqembu elikhulu, kuyilapho u-Andreev noZudov beshintshela eqenjini eliphindaphindiwe.

Ukuhamba kuqala

Uhambo lwakhe lokuqala, uVictor Savinykh, lo cosmonaut, walinda ngokubekezela okukhethekile. Isiqalo senziwa ngoMashi 12, 1981. Ukuthunyelwe kwakhe ngezinsuku ezingu-74 amahora angu-17 nemizuzu engu-37 nemizuzwana engu-23, eyadlula le ndege, ingumshayeli wendiza. U-callsign wakhe ngalesi sikhathi - i-Foton-2. Umehluko phakathi kwalesi sezindiza nabanye abaningi ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwenzeka ebusuku. Emva kokuhamba, ama-cosmonauts kwadingeka asebenze kanzima, ngakho kwakudingeka avuse kabusha isimiso sabo kusengaphambili. Balala ekuseni, bevuka lapho amanye amaMuscovites eseselungiselela ukulala. Ngemuva kokuba isinqumo sezindiza samukelwe, kwabikwa ukuthi uVictor waba yi-50 cosmonaut yaseSoviet nenombolo eyi-100 ngeziqu zamazwe ngamazwe.

Ngaphambi kwezindiza odokotela baphathwa ngotshwala njengokungcoliswa kwemithi. U-Savinykh ukhumbule ukuthi udokotela wayephika kanjani ukuthi manje angenakuvimbela ngokuphelele amagciwane. Ngalolu suku uVictor wabhalela umkakhe nabazali izincwadi. Emvilophini, wabeka isithombe esichazwe ku-spacesuit. Umndeni awubonanga kuleli fomu futhi awukwazanga ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi wayeya e-rocket, ukuthi maduzane uzokwaziswa ngendiza yakhe.

Ngemva kokubuyela eMhlabeni, u-Savinykh wakhumbula ukuthi ozakwabo bazama kanzima ukumenza ahleke, ukumphazamisa ekujabuleleni. Omunye wabo uqiniseke ngokuqinile ukuthi ufake izitifiketi ekamelweni lezimpahla, lapho ungagijima khona endaweni ye-ski track. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa kwakunzima kakhulu futhi kunemininingwane yokuthi Savinykh akakwazanga ukumomotheka.

Ngesikhathi abalobi becela ngaphambi kokuqala ukuthi bazolahlekelwa yini emkhathini, u-Savinykh waphendula ukuthi wayengazi lokhu, kodwa okwamanje akanakho isikhala.

Inhloso yalo msebenzi kwakuwukuvulwa kabusha kwesiteshi "salyut-6", okwathi esikhathini esithile esidlule ukuxhumana kwaphela. Kwakuphakathi kwesiteshi "eshonile" uSasin azama okokuqala ukuhamba ngesivinini. Kwakungekho ngokushesha, kodwa ngokushesha wafunda ukuthi kwakudingeka enze isinqumo mayelana nokuqondiswa kokuhamba ezindiza - ngesikhathi sokuthileka, lapho kungekho khona iphuzu lokukhipha. Kuze uze ufinyelele noma yikuphi ubuso, akukho lutho olungashintshwa.

Ukubuya ekushayweni kokuqala, i-cosmonaut yakhuluma ngomdlandla mayelana nokuthi iplanethi yethu ihle kangakanani, ukuthi kusukela ebusweni akunakwenzeka ukuyiqonda kakhulu. Ukuqaphela ukushisa kwelanga okungapheli (usuku olulodwa emkhathini kungabonwa izikhathi ezingu-16), uViktor Petrovich ukhumbula impilo e-Urals, ekuseni kakhulu ngenhla ehlanzekile, ehlanzekile. Ngabe-ke wayengacabanga ukuthi uzobheka iplanethi yakhe emkhathini? Yiqiniso, ngisho nasemaphupheni asendle kakhulu lokhu akuzange kwenzeke kimi.

Ngesimanga watshela ama-Savins mayelana nobuhle bezimbali ezivela emazulwini. I-Polar Lights yenze umqondo ongenakulinganiswa kuye, ikakhulukazi njengoba izitshalo ze-cosmonauts zikwazi ukuvakashela phakathi kwalesi simo. Ayikho ifilimu, ngokusho kwabakubukeli, iyakwazi ukukhiqiza ubuhle bembala ukuthi yayikwazi ukuyibuka emkhathini.

Ukuhamba kwesibili

Lena yindiza ende kunazo zonke yalabo abawela enkampanini yama-Savins. Ezinyangeni ezingaba ngu-4 ukuhambela ku "Salyut-7" kwadlula. Isigaba sokuqala sasiwukubuyisela yonke imisebenzi yesiteshi. Umsebenzi ohlangene no-Dzhanibekov wanikeza umphumela omuhle kakhulu: amandla omsebenzi wesiteshi abuyiselwe. Esikhathini salo msebenzi, Savinykh wangena esikhaleni evulekile. Ukusebenza ngaphandle komkhumbi kuthatha amahora ama-5.

Uhlelo lwesigaba sesibili luhlanganisa uVasyutin noVolkova, kodwa ngenxa yokugula kukaVasyutin, kwadingeka ukuba igcwalise indiza ngaphambi kwesimiso. U-Savinykh wabekwa esikhundleni sokuba umphathi weqembu.

Le indiza yaba nezinsuku eziyi-168 amahora amathathu 51 imizuzu 8 imizuzwana.

Ngemuva kokubuyela eMhlabeni, iqhawe lethu, njenge-engineer on-board, laqeqeshwa ku-OK "Mir", bese-kuya endizeni eya ku-"Mir" ye-OS. Esikhathini sokuqala, iqembu lakhe laliyi-duplicate, okwesibili - eliyinhloko.

I-Flight Third

U-Victor Savinykh, u-50m cosmonaut kuleli zwe, wenza indiza yakhe yokugcina ehamba phambili ngo-88. Njengoba unjiniyela wezindiza kusukela ngoJuni 7 kuya ku-17 wabamba iqhaza ekuthumeleni isikebhe se-Soyuz TM-5.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili ukuqaliswa, isikhwama sezindiza sasihamba ngesiteshi sokuxhumana, lapho umjikelezo omkhulu wesine osebenza khona. Isiteshi "Mir" senze impendulo enhle kulabo abafikayo. Ngemva kokuqeda imisebenzi yendiza ehlangene, abasebenzi babuyela eMhlabeni. Lolu hambo lwaluyinto engavamile kulokho, kanye nama-cosmonauts aseSoviet, iMir station yamukela ochwepheshe baseBulgaria.

Le indiza yaba nezinsuku ezingu-9 amahora angu-20 imizuzu engu-19 imizuzwana engu-19.

Ukuphila komuntu siqu

Ngentombazane kamuva eyaba ngumkakhe, uVictor wahlangana lapho efunda esikoleni sobuchwepheshe e-Perm. Into yokuqala ayibonile ukuthi uLily wayedlala kalula futhi ngokukhululekile. Wanquma ukuthi uzoya ekhaya lakhe, kunokuba amangaze i-cosmonaut yesikhathi esizayo. Le ntombazane yayithanda imidlalo, yayihilelekile emidlalweni yezemidlalo futhi yayiyi-skier enhle kakhulu, okwenza ukuba ayejwayele ukunakwa futhi amkhonze. Umkakhe kaVictor Savinyh wazalelwa ngoFebhuwari 23, 41, igama lakhe lentombazane nguMenshikov. ULilia Alekseevna wasebenza njengomfundisi weMnyango Wezemfundo Yomzimba we-Institute of Forestry Institute.

U-Victor Savinykh, owomndeni wakhe njengomntwana waba nabazali, yena nomfowabo omncane, wakhulela indodakazi eyodwa, wazalwa ngo-Agasti 12, 1968. U-Valentina, owayeziqhenya ngoyise wakhe konke ukuphila kwakhe, akazange alandele ezinyathelweni zakhe. Waba isazi sezinto eziphilayo.

Ukuphila emva

Ngo-1988, uViktor Petrovich wamukela lesi sipho sokuba ngumqondisi. Uqale ukuhola eyunivesithi, lapho aqeqeshwa khona eminyakeni eyedlule - MIIGAiK. Ngemva konyaka, umsebenzi we-cosmonaut wagcwaliswa ngokusemthethweni, futhi kuze kube ngu-1992 Savinykh wayengumphathi we-People of the Soviet Union. Udokotela wezobuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe uViktor Petrovich kusukela ngo-1990.

Kuze kube manje, i-cosmonaut yangaphambili ibambe isikhundla somhleli-inhloko yephephabhuku i-Russian Space. Ungumakhelwane ohloniphekile womuzi waseKrov, lapho isikhumbuzo sakhiwa khona ngenhlonipho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama le-astronaut linikezwe elinye lamaplanethi amancane.

Imiklomelo

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwakhe isikhathi eside futhi ngenxa yocwaningo Saviny wathola imiklomelo eminingi kanye neziqu. Ngokuphindaphindiwe waba yindlalifa yemiklomelo eyahlukene kahulumeni, uKnight of the Order kaLenin, ethi "Ngezinkonzo ZaseBelandland", imindeni "i-Gold Star", yanikezwa umdanso othi "Izinsizakalo Ezisesimweni Sokuhlola" nabanye abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathola ngokuphindaphindiwe isihloko seqhawe.

Waba iqhawe laseSoviet Union kabili. Iziqu zakhe zanikezwa ngo-1981 no-1985.

Ngo-1981 wanikezwa isihloko seHero yeRiphablikhi Yabantu baseMongolia, eminyakeni eyisikhombisa - efana neRiphablikhi yaseRussia.

Kusukela ngo-1981 - umshayeli we-USSR-cosmonaut.

Akukhona nje kuphela ezweni lethu okwenza imisebenzi ye-Savins ihlolwe, eParis ilungu le-International Academy of Astronautics. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uyilungu le-International Engineering Academy ne-Academy of Informatics. Kusukela ngo-2006 uyilungu elihambelanayo le-Academy of Sciences yaseRussia.

Imisebenzi yomphakathi

U-Victor Savinykh uhlale ehola impilo yomphakathi. Wayengumphathi we-USSR, ilungu leKomiti Yezemvelo, wagijimela kabili i-Duma, kodwa kokubili akazange abe nguyena okhethiwe. Ungumongameli we-Swimming Federation, ilungu le-presidium yomphakathi we-philatelic, ilungu eligcwele lenani elikhulu lemiphakathi ehlukahlukene. Ngo-2010, wayephakathi kwezintathu eziphezulu ohlwini lwamagatsha ase-Kirov e-United Kingdom ekhetho emhlanganweni wesifundazwe. Ngo-2011 wakhetha iphhini.

Ukuzilibazisa

Ngisho nasezifundweni zakhe, u-Saviny waba umlutha wokudumala, wabe esesithakazelisa kakhulu ekudobeni, ekuzingeleni, e-tennis futhi waba umlutha we-skiing skiing. Manje, naphezu kwesimiso esimatasa, uViktor Petrovich uzama ukunikeza ezemidlalo nezokuzilibazisa isikhathi esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze angalahlekelwa ifomu lakhe lomzimba.

Nakuba namuhla ehlala e-cosmonaut yaseMoscow, uzama ukuza kuVatatka yakhe minyaka yonke ukuya ehlathini, ukudoba emanzini omfula ayewazi kusukela ebuntwaneni.

Izincwadi

U-Viktor Petrovich ungumbhali wezincwadi ethi "Umhlaba Ukulindele Futhi Uthemba", owabhalwa ngo-1983, "Amanothi avela ku-Dead Station", agcwaliswa ngo-1999, "Geography From Space", eyakhiwe ngo-2000, futhi "iVatka. I-Baikonur. Cosmos ", okuyinto i-cosmonaut eyayihlanganyela ngo-2002 no-2010.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungumbhali wezincwadi eziningi ezinikezwe isikhala kanye nemvelo.