"ERobinson Crusoe": kumbhali akuloba ngaye ngokwakhe?

Namuhla kungekho ukuvumelana ngalokho unyaka wazalwa uDaniel Defoe, umlobi oyiNgisi, ijwayelekile kubafundi bethu okokuqala njengoba umbhali kule noveli "eRobinson Crusoe". Ezinye bacabange ukuthi 1660, ngenkathi ezinye wokuphila futhi izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi uDaniyeli Fo wazalwa ngo-1661 e-London. Yebo ungamangali, awekho amaphutha wokuthayipha embhalweni. Igama yangempela umlobi odumile - Fo.

Esakhula

Ubaba UDaniyeli ukuthengisa inyama, waphinde waphupha ukuthi indodana yakhe ngibe ngumelusi, ngakho Daniel osemncane libhaliswe sabefundisi. Ngo Academy Morton sika, esemgwaqweni e Stoke Newington, umlobi ikusasa "eRobinson Crusoe" Mina wafunda isiGreki, isiLatini kanye nezincwadi zakudala. Kodwa, it is kanjalo eqeda iminyaka engu-19 ye-Academy, Daniel Fo iqala ukwenza imisebenzi ebhizinisi.

Businessman futhi pamphleteer

Izinyathelo kuqala commerce lenzani wokuba umabhalane e umthengisi hosiery, lapho afundela khona izisekelo ze ukuhweba ibhizinisi. Ngokokuqala ngqá eyenza uhambo kuphela izinjongo zezomnotho, ePortugal, Italy, eSpain neFrance. Kamuva Daniel Fo ukuthenga embonini ukwenziwa amasokisi ke lesi sitshalo ukwenziwa tile izitini. Ukuzidela ngokwemvelo, uMnu Fo sitshala imali amaprojekthi ezingabazisayo ezithile futhi ngenxa yalokho kuba yimali.

Ukwehluleka ngezihluthu kwezohwebo, musa donsa ingubo kusukela ngaphansi kwezinyawo kaDaniyeli. Ngaphezu commerce, Sinesithakazelo esikhulu kuya umbhali esizayo impilo zezombusazwe kuleli zwe. Wakhe nokuhileleka kwezombusazwe ngokuqondile ukubusa i-King James II, wabhala izinkondlo satirical futhi emaphamfulethi, okuyinto chwaneka emagcekeni ezigodlo kanye Izicukuthwane elibusayo. Ethandwa kakhulu babo kuba abhalwe 1701. "eyiNgisi thoroughbred". I pheshana lalizoba nezokusigcoba ukuze iziphathimandla wagwetshwa umlobi pillory giant isamba esingu-wafaka ejele kuze ekukhishweni zonke izinhlawulo. Ukuma uboshelwe pillory, pamphleteer wabuka njengoba izakhamuzi yaseLondon wayemnike enduduzo nokwesekwa. ukukhiqizwa yayo zigoqiwe: isitshalo ekugcineni waya yimali, kuyilapho umniniyo esitokisini.

inkululeko yabo, eqinisweni, Daniel waphoqeleka uNgqongqoshe Fo kanye uSomlomo House of Commons, Robert Harley. Isilawuli uhoxile umbhali ejele wamnyusa umsebenzi ejenti imfihlo eScotland no England. Ngo 1704, i-amagama Faux ungeze De kuyizinhlayiyana, ngakho umnikazi wanquma ukuqamba ukugcizelela kwaqala ahlukile. Futhi lowo mnyaka wamiswa ku amaphephabhuku "I Buyekeza". Ngesikhathi elapho wayesebenza kuze 1713, ebhala futhi ukuhlela izihloko baba umhlaziyi wezepolitiki owaziwa. In parallel umsebenzi endlini ukushicilela Defoe wabhala izincwadi.

Incwadi yokuqala

Ngo 1719 ishicilelwe incwadi yokuqala yomlobi - ". ERobinson Crusoe" Umbhali kuyinto impumelelo enkulu. igama Danielya Defo ifakiwe emlandweni izincwadi emhlabeni. Ukuthandwa kwaba umbhali hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi eRobinson Crusoe. Umbhali wamnika protagonist uhlamvu okungenakudanjiswa kanye nogqozi lokuphila. On igagasi impumelelo encwadini yokuqala Defoe ngokushesha ukhiqiza phambili ekuphileni protagonist - "The Adventures okwengeziwe kwemibhalo eRobinson Crusoe" futhi ngemva konyaka, umlobi uyabhala: ". Serious Reflections ngesikhathi Life kanye Adventures Okumangalisayo Ongavamile eRobinson Crusoe, kuhlanganise nombono wakhe emhlabeni izingelosi" Kodwa le misebenzi akazange aphefumulele abafundi.

Izwe lonke ecabanga ukuthi protagonist kule noveli "eRobinson Crusoe" by uDaniel Defoe kuyinto - uhlamvu wangempela. Emongweni umkhiqizo Yindaba eyenzeke nomunye itilosi ngempela. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi aphume master ngepeni Sifikile imisebenzi enjalo omkhulu ngokuthi "courtesan Happy", "Injabulo nosizi Mol Flanders", "Umlando uColonel Jack" nabanye. Kodwa lo main futhi kwakungekho incwadi "eRobinson Crusoe". Umbhali kanye ubuntu bakhe badabula impilo namanje ndawonye.

I umlobi nesazi abadumile washona ngo ubumpofu kanye lokulibala, njengoba eseneminyaka engu-71, e-London.