Izindaba UmphakathiUmnotho

EYekaterinburg: labantu

ERussia, amadolobha 15 kuphela labantu abangaphezu kwesigidi abantu, futhi omunye wabo - emzini eYekaterinburg. Bangaki abantu namuhla abavele bahlala kule ndawo? Sizokwenza ukukhuluma kanjani ukushintsha inani izakhamuzi, ukuthi bangaki abantu abahlala lapho namuhla futhi kanjani ishintshe inombolo eminyakeni ezayo.

isikhundla ezindawo

Cishe maphakathi Eurasia, emngceleni waseYurophu nase-Asia, itholakala idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke esifundeni esise-Ural - Ekaterinburg. Isibalo abakhileyo kulo iminyaka leminyenti yekukhula, futhi lokhu kungenxa endaweni ekahle kanye nemizana: kuba lapho kwakuphambana khona ezokuthutha kanye imizila yezohwebo eziningi.

Idolobhana itholakala emithambekeni empumalanga yezintaba zase-Ural, ukuphakama kwayo ngaphezu kogu lolwandle kuba 270 amamitha. Impumuzo komuzi oluhambisana indawo, lapho kweqa amagquma, izintaba ongaphakeme namathafa, kodwa iziqongo eziphakeme kunazo zonke lapho. Insimu kufanelekile ukwakhiwa.

Ensimini ka Ekaterinburg kuthatha ezintathu emifuleni Iset, Salda futhi Patrushikha. esifundeni Ural amumethe amaminerali, it has a nethonya elihle nokuthuthukisa umuzi. Indawo ikude ezindaweni ezimaphakathi zezwe, kusuka eMoscow it is ahlukaniswe 1660 km. Kodwa kahle ibekwe eslphambanweni imigwaqo eminingi, futhi lokhu kwaba isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthuthukiswa yayo.

indaba

Ngo 1723 yisinqumo koMbusi uPeter Omkhulu waqala umlando edolobheni okuthiwa eYekaterinburg. Inombolo ezakhamuzi zokuqala lalilincane: abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-4. Bakhandwa ukusebenza ngaphansi ironworks ukwakhiwa kanye nemindeni yabo. Phakathi neminyaka emibili ke kwakhiwa, plant enamandla esiyingqayizivele Metallurgical, ukuthandwa eye kungabi eRussia.

Iminyaka engu-30 leli dolobha liye lakhula ibe dolobha wangempela esifundeni yezimayini. Ngo 1807, lokhu isimo waqinisekiswa igama "Intaba City" egameni amandla le nkosi sika. It nomthelela ukuqhubeka kokutholakala ocebile igolide esisemanzini zase-Ural.

Ekuqaleni kwawo-19-20 eminyaka Ekaterinburg ihlanganisa ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso. Ngo-October 1917, ngamandla Soviet yasungulwa. Lapha liye lakhishwa umndeni uMbusi uNicholas II sika. Lapha, inkosi, umkakhe nezingane badutshulwa Julayi 1918. Ngo-1924, uhulumeni omusha unqume ukuqamba kabusha umuzi, ngakho waba Sverdlovsk. Waqala ukuba sithwale negama lomholi asebenzayo inguquko.

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, Sverdlovsk liyakhula libe isikhungo ezimbonini kanye nezokuphatha enamandla. Eminyakeni engu-30 lapha yakhiwe a amabhizinisi ambalwa enkulu yezimboni, amanyuvesi evulekile, umuzi kancane kancane bajoyine amadolobhana aseduze, ukuthuthukisa nekambiso yeenthuthi yomphakathi woke. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili ngo-Sverdlovsk babe akhiwa kwamabutho amabili, ukuhlukana eziningana lempi, okwakunginika Repulse uyakufanelekela isitha kuzo zonke izimpi. Eminyakeni 50 Sverdlovsk uyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa njengenhlangano isikhungo yezimboni esifundeni.

Ngo-1991, idolobha wabuyela igama layo zomlando. Ngemva kabusha e Ekaterinburg ngenkuthalo ezibalweni ukuhweba, okuyinto enomthelela indawo enhle futhi enhle kakhulu yokufinyelela kwezokuthutha. It uqala ukwakha ingqalasizinda izivakashi. Namuhla eYekaterinburg - ingenye yamadolobha ngobukhulu kuleli zwe. Kuyinto maphakathi umkhakha, umsebenzi, ibhizinisi namasiko.

division Political

Namuhla emzini eYekaterinburg, labantu eye eside uphasisiwe kwesigidi ihlukaniswe ngokusemthethweni ku-7 izifunda: Leninsky, Oktyabrsky, Chkalovsky, Upper Iset, Ordzhenikidzevsky, Kirov, zemininingwane. Kodwa ngokomlando abakhileyo ingxenye yedolobha komnikazi ngokuthi ehlukile, futhi lezi amagama endaweni asetshenziswa njalo kumumo kwansuku zonke.

Kunezindawo zezimboni: Uralmash, Elmash, Khimmash kanye kwakhiwa emhlabeni amabhizinisi ezimbonini. Njengoba kunjalo kubo bonke isiphetho, kukhona ezindaweni ezibizwa ngokuthi "Isikhungo", "Station". Kukhona izingxenye ezithile zedolobha, Uthole amagama yokudumisa amasayithi ezinkulu endaweni yayo, Vtuzgorodok ezinjalo, ogama lakhe behlonipha sabantu umfundi, wenkukhu Ipulazi, Vtorchermet. Ezinye izindawo ogama lakhe behlonipha izinto ezindawo: Shartash ezihambisana negama echibini, Uktus - igama ezintabeni. Izindawo ezingalingani ensimini yabo futhi isibalo sabantu kanye ezingeni nokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda nenduduzo zokuphila.

Dynamics labantu

Ukuqapha inani abakhileyo waqala kusukela sona kanye isisekelo eYekaterinburg. Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu kuqala, 1724 kwakukhona abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-4. kwenyuka kwemtfwalo inani abakhileyo Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi iqala. Phakathi neminyaka engu-50, inani liye laphindeka kabili izakhamuzi. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-19 imephu ekhulwini of the Empire, Russian wayebona idolobha abasha futhi angabacwasi enkulu eYekaterinburg.

Ngiyiphi inomboro oko evamile zamadolobha Russian? emadolobheni basendulo, njengabase Kazan, Rostov, ngalesi sikhathi baba yizinkulungwane 10-12, kanye Ekaterinburg abasha. Ukwanda kwenani lezakhamuzi amanani amakhulu abantu ngonyaka. A gxuma okuphawulekayo kwenani labantu ezenzeka esikhathini 70-80-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu le-19, lapho kuzwakala ukwakhiwa kwamabhizinisi amasha kanye yasemakhaya labantu kutheleka kwabantu. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, ukukhula edolobheni isivele ulinganiswa izinkulungwane zabantu unyaka ngamunye. Futhi nge-yalolucwaningo 20 yekhulu lama-20, ngisho emashumini ezinkulungwane.

Esikhathini kusuka ngo-1923 kuya 1931 izakhamuzi eziningi abantu abayizinkulungwane 97 wayesema ayizinkulungwane 223. Ngo-1939, idolobha kabili inani labantu bayo ngokwandisa izimboni asebenzayo. Ngasekuqaleni kuka-50s kumephu zase-USSR, idolobha elisha 500,000th ka eYekaterinburg. Inombolo izakhamuzi ngonyaka iqala ukwandisa kuya emashumini ezinkulungwane.

Ngo-1970, Sverdlovsk baba emadolobheni. Ngo-1992, Dynamics lokuqala engakhi labantu lwalotshwa ngomlando walo muzi. Phakathi neminyaka engu-yokwakha kabusha inombolo eYekaterinburg kwehle kancane, kodwa ngo-2005 futhi waqala ukubonisa ukukhula. Namuhla emzini abantu abayizigidi ezingu-1,44.

emininingwaneni yabantu

EYekaterinburg, inani lezakhamuzi sikhulela njalo, has okuzala omuhle. Ngo-2011, irekhodi eyayibekwe: ukukhanyisa ingane 13.2 per 1,000. Ngakho ngokwempilo yangenyama kuyehla, kanti zemvelo ukukhula labantu abantu 2,000 ngonyaka. Lena inkomba enhle kakhulu eRussia, lapho emadolobheni amaningi yokufa ngaphambi izinga lokuzalwa. Ekaterinburg - umuzi abasha, isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala izakhamizi uneminyaka engu 37.

umsebenzi

Ekaterinburg, ogama labantu siphenya, ukuhambisana base ezinhle zezimboni kusukela nenkathi yamaSoviet. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kuqala inkathi yangemva namaSoviet ivule amabhizinisi amaningi amasha, futhi ukukhula uyaqhubeka. Naphezu ukukhiqizwa Ukwehla futhi urekhode kwezomnotho yabhaliswa eYekaterinburg 0,89% wabo bonke abangasebenzi. Lona omunye the best kuleli zwe. Ukuba umsebenzi inikeza ukugeleza okusimeme izakhamizi kuleli dolobha. Intsha akabashiyi edolobheni lakubo, njengoba ubona ikhono elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kanye ilapho.

ingqalasizinda yedolobha futhi izinga lempilo

Ekaterinburg Namuhla, inani lezakhamuzi okuyinto eduze 1.5 million, limatasa ukwakha imigwaqo, ukuthuthukisa inethiwekhi ezokuthutha. Inani ethunywe izindlu ezintsha futhi zomphakathi emzini kwenye eliphakeme amazinga kuleli zwe. Naphezu kwalezi zinkinga nge izinga imigwaqo, ngesimiso semvelo, eYekaterinburg basonta idolobha izinga okusezingeni zokuphila. Futhi lokhu kwanda njalo sabantu - isiqinisekiso esihle kakhulu salokhu.

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