Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu: indawo. Kumiswa Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu

Ukuze ngempela owazi kahle umlando, udinga ukumela ngokwengqondo izithakazelo kwenkathi, umoya isikhathi yayo kanye nemlingisi lomcoka. Namuhla sizothatha uhambo kangako Russia medieval ezweni olunothile Galicia naseVolyn.

Kuyini, Russia 12-13 namakhulu eminyaka?

Endaweni yokuqala - ihlukaniswe uthi amancane, ngalinye elikwazi ophila nemithetho yayo siqu kanye has umbusi ayo (inkosana). Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ubizwa ngokuthi kwehlukana izinduna ka Rus. ubukhulu ngamunye abantu bekhuluma ulimi lwesigodi ezithile isiRashiya, okuyinto incike indawo insimu ngokuma kwezwe.

Enye idivayisi ezithakazelisayo umphakathi izinduna yeRussia. Izazi-mlando ukuhlonza amakilasi amabili - elite elibusayo, eyakhiwa ezicukuthwaneni (boyars enethonya), futhi ekilasini abalimi nasekuthengeni. Kugcine ngandlela-thile njalo Kwatholakala okuningi.

Emadolobheni amakhulu, iyikhaya kwelinye ikilasi - sezingcweti. Laba bantu zinekhono elimangalisayo ukudala izinto eyiqiniso. Siyabonga kubo, uvele Gzhel imidwebo kanye nokhuni ekuqopheni amatshe aziwa hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi phesheya. Ngo amagama ambalwa, sakhuluma ngokuthi i-Russia ephakathi, uyoqhubeka uba mkhulu kakhulu kuphela umlando Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu.

Umhlaba okuqondene ubukhulu

Isimo abasha, ukuthuthukiswa olwaqala ngesikhathi Grand Prince Roman Mstislavovich lalinabashumayeli emazweni ahlukahlukene. Zaziyini lezi zindawo? Isakhiwo kwamiswa i-Galician, naseVolyn, Lutsk, Polissya, Kholmsk ka Zvenigorod futhi Terebovlya umhlaba. Futhi njengengxenye yensimu zanamuhla Moldova, eTranscarpathia, iziketi kanye Podlasie.

Njengomhlaba puzzle ehlukahlukene, lezi umhlaba ngamafuphi kwakheka Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu (sendawo kanye namazwe angomakhelwane isimo abasha uzobe echazwe esahlukweni esilandelayo).

Duchy Indawo

Ngo eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeRussia itholakala Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu. Indawo okwakukhona kuyo inhlangano entsha ngokusobala inzuzo. Sihlanganisa izici ezintathu:

• Kuyinto maphakathi Europe;
• sezulu ukhululekile;
• evundile, njalo ukuletha isivuno esihle.

Indawo elula kwakusho nomakhelwane ezihlukahlukene, kodwa lokho akuwona wonke babenobungane isimo abasha.

Ngo empumalanga, sivule osemusha umngcele eside ne Kiev futhi Turov-Pinsk ubukhulu. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu lobuzalwane babenobungane. Kodwa amazwe entshonalanga nasenyakatho akuyona ikakhulukazi pha isimo abasha. Poland naseLithuania baye njalo wayefuna ukulawula Galicia naseVolyn, eyagcina izuzwe ekhulwini le-14.

Ngo eningizimu nesengxenye eceleni ne Golden zidlamlilo. Ubudlelwano nomakhelwane wayo oseningizimu ukuba kwakunzima njalo. Lokhu kungenxa abalulekile Emasiko futhi khona ezindaweni phikisa.

Mfushane Umlando

Ubukhulu esaphakama 1199, ngesikhathi confluence izimo ezimbili. Esokuqala kwaba enengqondo - ekutholeni elandelayo ezindaweni ezimbili ngamasiko efanayo (Galicia naseVolyn) kanye namazwe angomakhelwane abanamusa (UMbuso Poland kanye zolotaya Orda). Esesibili - ukuvela sibalo eqinile zezombusazwe - Prince Roman Mstislavovich. Umbusi ohlakaniphile wayeqaphela kahle ukuthi izizwe kulapho isimo, kuba lula ngaye ukumelana isitha langempela, futhi ngamasiko eduze ukuzwana esimweni esifanayo. Umbono wakhe kwaba nomvuzo, futhi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-12, imfundo entsha.

Ubani Uzithukululile isimo abasha? Natives we zidlamlilo Golden bakwazi ukuyiqeda leyo Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu. Ukuthuthukisa isimo yaphela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-14.

ababusi ohlakaniphile

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-200 ukhona isimo wavakashela abantu abahlukile amandla. ababusi Wise - a godsend sangempela Galicia naseVolyn. Ngakho, ubani kuletsa ezolile futhi ukuthula kule ndawo babekezele? Kwakungobani laba bantu?

• Yaroslav Vladimirovich Osmomysl - eyandulela Roman Mstislavovich, abokuqala kuleyo nsimu embuzweni. Ngakwazi ngempumelelo izakhe emlonyeni iDanube.
• Roman Mstislavovich - combiner Galicia naseVolyn.
• Daniel Romanovich Galitsky - indodana bomdabu Roman Mstislavovich. Nalapha baletha ndawonye ezweni Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu.

ababusi alandelayo ubukhulu ayemancane nginenhliziyo. Ngo 1392, ke akabange esaba khona Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu. Izikhulu abakwazanga ukumelana izitha wangaphandle. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaba yaseVolyn Lithuania, Galicia waya ePoland futhi Red Rus - Hungary.

Abantu abathile ngidalé Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu. Izikhulu, izimpumelelo kabani bachazwa kulesi sahluko, neqhaza ekuchumeni futhi ngokunqoba isimo abasha eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeRussia.

Ubudlelwano nomakhelwane nomgomo wezangaphandle

amazwe Inamandla sizungezwe Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu. Isikhundla ezindawo ka isimo abasha ibeke ukuxabana nomakhelwane. Ubunjalo inqubomgomo angaphandle, encike kakhulu nenkathi ethize yomlando futhi umbusi: kwakukhona ukunqoba elikhanyayo, wayebuye abe inkathi nokubambisana ophoqelelwe neRoma. Kugcine lwenteke ukuvikela ngokumelene nabasePoland.

ukunqoba Roman Mstislavovich futhi Danilo Galitsky benza isimo abasha kwezinkulumo ezinamandla kakhulu eMpumalanga Yurophu. Prince wachitha combiner Inqubomgomo ohlakaniphile angaphandle maqondana Lithuania, Kingdom iPoland neHungary. Wakwazi ukusakaza ithonya Kyïv Rus e 1202-1203 GG. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu Kiev akukho okuseleyo emehlweni enkosi kodwa ukwamukela umbusi omusha.

No kancane ezithakazelisayo abantu abanganaki nokunqoba zezombusazwe Danily Galitskogo. Lapho eseyingane, ensimini ka naseVolyn futhi Galicia nezinxushunxushu. Kodwa njengoba esekhulile, indlalifa abasha ukuba okulandelayo kule ezinyathelweni zikayise. Lapho Danilo Romanovich reappeared Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu. Prince wandisa indawo ukungashadi kwakhe kakhulu: yayilokhu izidlela nje umakhelwane empumalanga futhi ingxenye Poland (kuhlanganise - Lublin).

Isiko esiyingqayizivele

Umlando ngokungakhethi ebonisa ukuthi isimo ngasinye enethonya batakhele amasiko alo eyiqiniso. Kungenxa wakhe nabantu sikubone.

izici yamasiko Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Sizobheka izakhiwo amadolobha ephakathi.

amasonto Stone nezigodlo njani Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu (Novgorod emhlabeni yayinezinto ezakhiweni ezifanayo). Emakhulwini eminyaka th 12-13, isikole esiyingqayizivele bokwakha emazweni Galicia naseVolyn. Yena ugxile emasikweni kokubili abaculi Western Europe kanye nekhono esikoleni Kiev. izingcweti bendawo baye wadala ezifana yobuciko yezakhiwo njengoba kweNyuka Cathedral uVladimir-naseVolyn nethempeli St Panteleimon e galich.

Phakade langena umlando wombuso ezithakazelisayo eningizimu yeRussia - Galicia-naseVolyn ubukhulu (isikhundla ezindawo ke thina kakade niyamazi). A uhlobo umlando nemvelo enhle idonse njalo kuye abalandeli ukuhlola izwe.