HACCP embonini yokudla - kuyini futhi kuyadingeka? Izimfuneko ze-HACCP kumabhizinisi okudla. Ukwethulwa kwezimiso ze-HACCP embonini yokudla

Amabhizinisi okudlela asebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile embonini yokudla, okuyinto phakathi kwezinye izinto ehilela ukwethulwa kohlelo lwe-HACCP. Lezi zinhlangano zifaka amabhuthithi, amathilomu, ama-pizzerias, izindawo zokudlela, imishayo yokunambitha nokuningi. Ake sicabangele ezihlokweni zezici zokusetshenziswa kohlelo HACCP ebhizinisini lokudla: liyini lokho nokuthi yikuphi okudingekayo.

Ulwazi jikelele

Akuwona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi kungani uhlelo lwe-HACCP luyadingeka enkampanini yokudla. Kuyini? Kufanele siqale ngendaba yokuphepha kokudla. Le nkinga njengamanje ifanelekile embonini. Iqiniso liwukuthi, isibonelo, yonke inqubo yochungechunge isendaweni yokudlela. Iqala ngokulethwa kwemikhiqizo esiphelile futhi iphetha ngokupheka nokusetshenziswa ngamakhasimende. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo, uhlelo lwe-HACCP luqaliswa kumabhizinisi okudla.

Ukubaluleka kwenkinga

Izimfuneko zomthetho eziqaphela isidingo seHACCP ohlelweni lokudla yizi:

1. Okucacile kokugcina nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo.
2. Imiphumela yezibalo ze-epidemiological, ezibonisa ukuthi iningi le-poisoning liwumphumela wokudla izitsha eziphekwe amabhizinisi okudlela.
3. Ubuningi bokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ephansi.

Izibalo

Ngokuphathelene nezizathu ezingenhla, akufanele kube khona umbuzo ukuthi ukudingwa kwemithetho ye-HACCP ebhizinisini lokudla kuyadingeka. Ukungafaneleki kwezinhloko zezikhungo emisebenzini yokuqinisekisa izinga elifanele lemikhiqizo kanye nokugcinwa kwemigomo yemvelo kuholela emiphumeleni enzima. Ngokwezibalo, ngaphezu kwengxenye yezigameko ezibikiwe zobuthi kukhona umphumela wokudla izitsha zokudla ezingalungile. Ezingamaphesenti angu-35% imikhiqizo yayidlulile. Phakathi kwezimbangela eziyinhloko zoketshezi ukungahloniphi imithetho yemvelo ngabasebenzi bezikhungo ngokwabo. Kuba ngaphezu kokusobala isidingo sokusebenzisa izidingo ze-HACCP ekhamphani yokudla.

Okucacile kohlelo

Kusukela ngo-2014, izikhungo eziningi zaqala ukuthuthukisa nokuqalisa imisebenzi ehlose ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komkhiqizo. Lo msebenzi wenziwa ngokuzithandela. Njengamanje, abaphathi abaningi bezikhungo banesithakazelo ukuthi kufanele basebenzise uhlelo lwe-HACCP embonini yokudla, kubalulekile yini ukulifaka?

Amathemba ekwandiseni imboni

Kusukela ngoFebhuwari 15, 2015, uhlelo lweHACCP luyadingeka kuwo wonke amabhizinisi okudla. Ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo ezikhungweni kubonakala ukukhathazeka nokukhathazeka ngempilo yezivakashi, kunomthelela ekulondolozeni ukuncintisana. Nokho, lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele lwezinzuzo zohlelo lwe-HACCP embonini yokudla. Kuyini lokhu embonini yonke? Uma usebenzisa imisebenzi ohlelweni olucutshungulwayo, izinhloso ezilandelayo zifezwa:

1. Ukulungiselela ukudla ezikhungweni kuba yinkqubo ephephile, lapho abasebenzi behambisana nazo zonke izimo ezihlanzekile nezokuhlanzeka.
2. Umsebenzi webhizinisi uhambisana nezidingo zomthetho.
3. Ukuzethemba okukhulu kwezivakashi emkhakheni wokudla nokudla kwabo okudliwe. Lokhu, futhi, kunquma ukuthembela okuphelele kwamakhasimende ezikhungo, okuphakamisa isilinganiso sabo.
4. Ukutholakala kokuhlukumeza ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwamabhuku kuyancishiswa kuze kube yilapho.
5. Lesi sikhungo sithola inzuzo enkulu yokumaketha ezimweni ezikhona zokuncintisana.

Izimiso ze-HACCP kumabhizinisi okudla

Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kohlelo, kuthuthukiswa izinyathelo eziyisisekelo zokuhlanzeka. Zibizwa nangokuthi yizinhlelo ezidingekayo. Intuthuko yabo yenziwa ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje eRussia, ongase uhluke emazingeni anikezwe kwamanye amazwe. Ngaphambi kokufunda ukusebenza kwe-HACCP kwenkampani yokudla (ukuthi iyini nokuthi isebenza kanjani ngokusebenza), ukuhlaziywa kwengozi kuqhutshwa ngokukhetha izindlela zokulawula nokuphatha kwamaphuzu okulawula okubalulekile. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, lesi sigaba asikakabi nomthwalo wemfanelo ngesikhathi sokusungulwa kohlelo. Umsebenzi obunzima kunabo bonke futhi obhekene nakho uhlobene nencazelo yokudla okulungiselelwe, izinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa kuzo, izithako. Kufanele uqaphele ngokukhethekile izindlela zokupheka kanye namabalazwe ezobuchwepheshe. Ungakhohlwa ngalezo zithako ezingahlanganisiwe ekubunjweni, kodwa ngenkathi inqubo yezobuchwepheshe ingathintana nesidlo esilungisiwe. Kufanele kukhunjulwe mayelana nokuphathwa nokuhlanzeka kwephakheji.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu ye-HACCP enkampanini yokudla: uhlelo lwesampula

Kulezi zincazelo ezingenhla, izinqubo ezibaluleke kakhulu kufanele zisetshenziswe:

• Izici zamakhemikhali nezomzimba.
• Izakhi ze-microbiological.
• Izinkomba ze-Organoleptic.
• Uhlobo lokupakisha.
• Izimo zokugcina kanye nezinsuku zokuphela kwesikhathi.
• Indlela yokuhamba nokudayiswa.

Isigaba esilandelayo sokuqaliswa sihambisana nokudweba kwesakhiwo somdwebo wezobuchwepheshe bokulungiselela. Ukuqoqa izitsha ezifanayo kwenziwa. Esikhathini ngasinye isigaba esivela ku-assortment, i-flowchart eyodwa ejwayelekile ithuthukiswa. Isibonelo, kungenzeka kube namaqembu anjalo:

• Izitsha zokuqala.
• AmaSaladi.
• Izitsha zokubili.
• I-Desserts.
• Iziphuzo nokunye okunye.

Ishadi liphinde lihlanganise idatha kuwo wonke umsebenzi owengeziwe / wokulungiselela. Isibonelo: ukuthosa, ukusika, ukulondolozwa, njll Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umdwebo webhlokhi ungathuthukiswa hhayi kuphela ngokuqondene neqembu elikhethiwe. Kwezinye izimo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa uhlelo olunjalo izitsha ezizimele. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu kulawo maziko asebenza ngokukhethekile "ku-monokuhne." Isibonelo, lawa ngama-pizzeria, imigoqo ye-sushi, njll.

Kungani sidinga umjikelezo?

Kulula ukukhomba nokuhlola izingozi ezikhona, ezidinga ukulawulwa okufanele nokusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo zokulawula ezinikeziwe. I-flowchart ikuvumela ukuba ubone amaphuzu aqakathekileko (ama-CCT) - lezo zikhathi namazinga wokukhiqiza lapho kungabonakala khona izingozi. Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-CCP kuhilela ukwamukela izinto zokusetshenziswa, isitoreji, ukwelashwa okushisayo okwalandela ukubhujiswa kwama-microorganisms eziyingozi, ukukhonza amakhasimende okuphekwe izitsha ezishisayo. Ku-pizzerias, zokudlela, i-cafe ngaphezu kwalokho amaphuzu aqakathekile angenza:

• Ukubika ngezimpawu zokufisa amafutha.
• Ukulawulwa kokunikezwa kweminye imikhiqizo eqondile yomisiwe.

Isikhathi Esibalulekile

Nakuba kuvunyelwa ukuhlinzekwa kweqembu le-HACCP ebhizinisini lokudla, umphathi kufanele aqonde ukuthi njengamanje lolu hlelo lusebenza njengesimiso esiyinhloko sokuphathwa kwezingozi ezingenzeka futhi lunikeza ukulawula ukuphepha kwemikhiqizo. Inhloso yalo ayinqunyelwe kuphela ukumiswa okusemthethweni kwamaphuzu abalulekile kanye nemingcele evumelekile yenqubo yezobuchwepheshe. Uhlelo lwe-HACCP lusebenza njengesivikelo esinamandla sokusebenza ngokumelene nokungcola kwemikhiqizo yangokwenyama, ye-microbiological, i-chemical.

Izikhathi eziwusizo

Inhloko yebhizinisi kumele kuqala ukuthi inqume ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomkhiqizo angena kuwo:

1. Izimiso ezilula ze-HACCP. Bahambisana ne-GOST R 51705.1: 2001.
2. Uhlelo oluphelele. Iqaliswa ngokuhambisana nesilinganiso se-ISO 22000: 2005, esivumelana ne-GOST R ISO 22000: 2007 noma i-FSSC 22000 (ISO 22000: 2005 ne-ISO / TS 22002-2: 2013).

Njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngenhla, izidingo eziyisisekelo zangasese zenziwa kuqala. Kufanele bahlanganise zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo mayelana nokugcinwa kwemithetho yokuhlanzeka ngabasebenzi, ukuhlanzwa kwezakhiwo kanye nemishini, ukugeza nokuhlanza amathuluzi kanye nezinhlelo (kubandakanya umoya wokuphuza umoya), izinto zokukhanda kanye nemishini, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane, ukugcinwa kwezithako kanye nezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukulahlwa kwemfucuza futhi kanjalo Ngaphezu kwalokho.

Isiphetho

Ngemuva kwezinyathelo zokulungiselela, ukuthuthukiswa okuqondile kwamaHACCP amashidi kuqala. Ngalesi sigaba, izinqubo zenziwa ukuqapha, ukuqinisekiswa, izinyathelo zokulungisa zenziwa uma zidlula imikhawulo yamaphuzu abalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo (iqembu le-HACCP) bamiswa. Ngokusobala, ukuqaliswa kohlelo emisebenzini yesikhungo kubalulekile ukwenza umsebenzi omningi wokuhlukumezeka nokukhathazeka. Ikhombisa ukuthi kukhona ulwazi nolwazi oluthile.